The Messenger of Allah ﷺ inspected me on the battlefield on the Day of Uhud, and I was fourteen years old. He did not allow me (to take part in the fight). He inspected me on the Day of Khandaq-and I was fifteen yearsold, and he permitted me (to fight), Nafi' said: I came to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz who was then Caliph, and narrated this tradition to him. He said: Surely, this is the demarcation between a minor and a major. So he wrote to his governors that they should pay subsistence allowance to one who was fifteen years old, but should treat those of lesser age among children. (Using translation from Muslim 1868a)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَرَضَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ لِلْقِتَالِ قَالَ وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَلَمْ يُجِزْنِي قَالَ ثُمَّ عَرَضَنِي يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَأَجَازَنِي قَالَ نَافِعٌ فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ إِذْ ذَاكَ خَلِيفَةٌ فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْحَدَّ بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ بِأَنْ يَفْرِضُوا لِمَنْ بَلَغَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَمَا كَانَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهُ مَعَ الْعِيَالِ  

[Machine] "Allah has His share in what He granted His Messenger from the people of the villages." [Al-Hashr 7] until His saying, "severe in punishment." [Al-Hashr 7] And Allah is not solely for these [people]. Then He recited, "for the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties" [Al-Hashr 8] until the end of the verse. Then He recited, "And those who came after them say, 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith'" And Allah is not solely for these [people]. And if I were to remain until I meet a companion, I would definitely attach the last people with the first. I would make them one group, meaning, one body. He said: Then his son came to him while he was dividing [his wealth]. He was called Abdur-Rahman, son of Luhayyah, a woman who belonged to 'Umar. So he said to him, "Give me a ring." He said to him, "By the right of your mother, she will make you drink a sip of barley water." So by Allah, he did not give him anything.  

اللهُ ﷻ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر 7] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ} [الحشر 7] وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ} [الحشر 8] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ} وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ وَلَئِنْ بَقِيتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لَأُلْحِقَنَّ آخِرَ النَّاسِ بِأَوَّلِهِمْ فَلَأَجْعَلَنَّهُمْ بَبَّانًا وَاحِدًا يَعْنِي بَاجًا وَاحِدًا قَالَ فَجَاءَ ابْنٌ لَهُ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنُ لُهَيَّةَ امْرَأَةٌ كَانَتْ لِعُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ لَهُ اكْسُنِي خَاتَمًا فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَقْ بِأُمِّكَ تَسْقِيكَ شَرْبَةً مِنْ سَوِيقٍ فَوَاللهِ مَا أَعْطَاهُ شَيْئًا