The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave judgement that the killer should have what was taken from the man he killed, and did not make this subject to division into fifths. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2721)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي السَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ وَلَمْ يُخَمِّسِ السَّلَبَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for confiscation from the killer? He said, "Yes, but I increased it." I said, "You should return it to him or I will inform the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it." He said, "We will not return it to him." I said, "Fine." So we gathered with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I narrated to him the story of Madadi and what Khalid did. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Khalid, what prompted you to do what you did?" Khalid said, "O Messenger of Allah, I increased it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Khalid, return to him what you took from him." Awf said, "I said to you, O Khalid, did I not warn you?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What happened?" So I informed him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry and said, "O Khalid, do not return it to him. Are you leaving my commanders for you, the elite of their affairs, while they face difficulties?"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ؟ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنِّي اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ قُلْتُ لَتَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ لَأُعَرِّفَنَّكَهَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَنْ نَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ عَوْفٌ فَاجْتَمَعْنَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ قِصَّةَ الْمَدَدِيِّ وَمَا فَعَلَ خَالِدٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا خَالِدُ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قََالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا خَالِد رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَخَذْتَ مِنْهُ قَالَ عَوْفٌ فَقُلْتُ دُونَكَ يَا خَالِدُ أَلَمْ أَفِ لَكَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا خَالِدُ لَا تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ هَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو لِي أُمَرَائِي لَكُمْ صَفْوَةُ أَمْرِهِمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ كَدَرُهُ؟  

[Machine] "O Abu Talhah, indeed we did not divide the spoils, and the spoils of Bara'a bin Malik are a lot, and I am the fifth (in line to receive it). So make the region and the two bracelets straight, their worth is thirty thousand."  

يَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَا نُخَمِّسُ السَّلَبَ وَإِنَّ سَلَبَ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ مَالٌ وَأَنَا خَامِسُهُ فَقَوَّمُوا الْمِنْطَقَةَ وَالسِّوَارَيْنِ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا  

[Machine] Did Abu Talhah commit a sin? We used to encourage the man from the Muslims to seize the belongings of a man from the disbelievers if he killed him. And indeed, the belongings of innocent people had reached me and I would only take one-fifth of it. So, Muhammad was asked, "Did he take one-fifth from it?" He said, "I don't know." And it was narrated from another source from Anas that he took one-fifth of it.  

أَثَمَّ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ؟ إِنَّا كُنَّا نُنَفِّلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ سَلَبَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَإِنَّ سَلَبَ الْبَرَاءِ قَدْ بَلَغَ مَالًا وَلَا أَرَانِي إِلَّا خَامِسَهُ فَقِيلَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ فَخَمَّسَهُ؟ فَقَالَ لَا أَدْرِي وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ خَمَّسَهُ  

[Machine] A man and another man confronted each other, and then they fought with their swords. Then Al-Bara embraced Islam and killed him with his sword. Al-Bara took his weapon and belongings and brought them to Umar. Umar took the weapon and assessed its value to be thirty thousand. He distributed one-fifth of it and said, "This is the booty." Al-Shafi'i said, "This narration is from the ways of acquiring spoils, not from our narrations." And he has a narration from Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas that contradicts it in the time of Umar.  

رَجُلٌ وَرَجُلٌ فَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ الْبَرَاءُ فَاخْتَلَفَا بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا ثُمَّ اعْتَنَقَا فَتَوَرَّكَهُ الْبَرَاءُ فَقَعَدَ عَلَى كَبِدِهِ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ السَّيْفَ فَذَبَحَهُ وَأَخَذَ سِلَاحَهُ وَمِنْطَقَتَهُ وَأَتَى بِهِ عُمَرَ فَنَفَّلَهُ السِّلَاحَ وَقَوَّمَ الْمِنْطَقَةَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا فَخَمَّسَهَا وَقَالَ إِنَّهَا مَالٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ مِنْ خَمْسِ السَّلَبَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ رِوَايَتِنَا وَلَهُ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ؓ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ ؓ تُخَالِفُهَا  

[Machine] I encountered a man on the day of Al-Qadisiyyah and I killed him. His loot reached twelve thousand, so Sa'd rewarded it to me. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, Abu al-Abbas informed me, and al-Rabi' informed me, I am al-Shafi'i, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah mentioned it in a similar way. Al-Shafi'i said, "And twelve thousand is a lot. And it has been narrated from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq as well."  

بَارَزْتُ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَبَلَغَ سَلَبُهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا فَنَفَّلَنِيهِ سَعْدٌ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَخْبَرَنِي الرَّبِيعُ أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ أنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَاثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفًا كَثِيرٌ وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ  

[Machine] Khuraym bin Aws bin Harithah bin Lam said, "No one was more hostile to the Arabs than Hurmuz. When we finished with Musaylimah and his companions, we headed towards Basrah and encountered Hurmuz at Kazimah in a large gathering. Khalid bin Al-Walid came forward and challenged Hurmuz to a duel, and Hurmuz accepted. Khalid killed him, and he wrote about it to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Abu Bakr rewarded him with the spoils, and it reached the value of one hundred thousand dirhams. The Persians used to place their saddles on a hundred thousand dirhams when they became honorable."  

قَالَ خُرَيْمُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ لَامٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَعْدَى لِلْعَرَبِ مِنْ هُرْمُزَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا مِنْ مُسَيْلِمَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْبَصْرَةِ فَلَقِيَنَا هُرْمُزُ بِكَاظِمَةَ فِي جَمْعٍ عَظِيمٍ فَبَرَزَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَدَعَا إِلَى الْبِرَازِ فَبَرَزَ لَهُ هُرْمُزُ فَقَتَلَهُ خَالِدٌ ؓ وَكَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ فَنَفَّلَهُ سَلَبَهُ فَبَلَغَتْ قَلَنْسُوَةُ هُرْمُزَ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَكَانَتِ الْفُرْسُ إِذَا شَرَّفُوا فِيهِمُ الرَّحُلَ جَعَلُوا قَلَنْسُوَتَهُ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ concerning the spoils of war, it indicates that it is taken from the head of the booty. Al-Shafi'i said, "If something is confirmed from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ through my father and mother, it is not permissible to leave it." He said, "And the Prophet ﷺ did not differentiate between a small amount or a large amount of spoils."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السَّلَبِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُخْرَجُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَإِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَجُزْ تَرْكُهُ قَالَ وَلَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَلِيلَ السَّلَبِ وَلَا كَثِيرَهُ