[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to receive provisions, and he would distribute them among the families, giving two shares to the families and one share to the bachelors. It was narrated to us by Abu Ali Al-Ruzbary, I am Muhammad ibn Bakr, narrated by Abu Dawud, narrated by Ibn Al-Musaffa, narrated by Abu Al-Mughira, from Safwan ibn Amr, mentioning it in a similar manner, except that he said: "He also gave one share to the bachelors." So we were invited and I was called before Ammar, and I was given two shares. I had a family, and after me, Ammar ibn Yaser was called and he was given one share.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا جَاءَهُ فَيْءٌ قَسَمَهُ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ فَأَعْطَى ذَا الْأَهْلِ حَظَّيْنِ وَأَعْطَى الْعَزَبَ حَظًّا 12970 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا ابْنُ الْمُصَفَّى ثنا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَأَعْطَى الْأَعْزَبَ حَظًّا زَادَ فَدُعِينَا وَكُنْتُ أُدْعَى قَبْلَ عَمَّارٍ فَدُعِيتُ فَأَعْطَانِي حَظَّيْنِ وَكَانَ لِي أَهْلٌ ثُمَّ دُعِيَ بَعْدِي عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ فَأُعْطِيَ حَظًّا وَاحِدًا  

[Machine] After that, we will divide this money among those whom Allah has bestowed with justice, except for these two individuals with leprosy and jaundice, they have no rights to it. Abu Hudayr al-Ajdamī stood up and said, "I swear to you by Allah, O Umar, regarding justice." Umar replied, "Justice means that I want to make a group of people who spend in the day, strive in their goals, and work in the lands, just like the settled people in their own lands. If migration was to Sana'a or Aden, not a single individual with leprosy or jaundice would have migrated there." Abu Hudayr stood up and said, "Allah has assigned us from His lands wherever He wishes, and He has brought migration to us in our lands, so we accepted it and supported it. Does this mean that our rights will be cut off, O Umar?" Then he said to you, "Your right is with the Muslims." Then he distributed and gave half a dinar to the man. If a man had his wife with him, he would give him a whole dinar. Then he called Ibn Qatūra, the owner of the land, and said, "Tell me what is sufficient for a man's provisions per month and per day." He brought dates and measured them and said, "This is sufficient for him for a month, and a portion of oil and a portion of vinegar." Umar then commanded, "Give them two measures of wheat. We ground it, kneaded it, and baked it. Then we added two portions of oil to it. Then he sat down with thirty men and it was enough to satisfy their hunger. Then Umar took the dates in his right hand and the vinegar in his left hand and said, "O Allah, no one is allowed to diminish these after me, O Allah. So whoever diminishes it, let him diminish from his life."  

أَمَّا بَعْدُ فإِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ نَقْسِمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَدْلِ إِلَّا هَذَيْنِ الْحَيَّيْنِ مِنْ لَخْمٍ وَجُذَامٍ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُمْ فِيهِ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو حُدَيْرٍ الْأَجْذَمِيُّ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ يَا عُمَرُ فِي الْعَدْلِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ الْعَدْلَ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ أَقْوَامًا مَا أَنْفَقُوا فِي الظَّهْرِ وَشَدُّوا الْغَرَضَ وَسَاحُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ مِثْلَ قَوْمٍ مُقِيمِينَ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ وَلَوْ أَنَّ الْهِجْرَةَ كَانَتْ بِصَنْعَاءَ أَوْ بِعَدَنَ مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ لَخْمٍ وَلَا جُذَامٍ أَحَدٌ فَقَامَ أَبُو حُدَيْرٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ وَضَعَنَا مِنْ بِلَادِهِ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ وَسَاقَ إِلَيْنَا الْهِجْرَةَ فِي بِلَادِنَا فَقَبِلْنَاهَا وَنَصَرْنَاهَا أَفَذَلِكَ يَقْطَعُ حَقَّنَا يَا عُمَرُ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَكُمْ حَقُّكُمْ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ قَسَمَ فَكَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أَعْطَاهُ دِينَارًا ثُمَّ دَعَا ابْنَ قَاطُورَا صَاحِبَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا يَكْفِي الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الْقُوتِ فِي الشَّهْرِ وَالْيَوْمِ فَأَتَى بِالْمُدْيِ وَالْقِسْطِ فَقَالَ يَكْفِيهِ هَذَا؛ الْمُدْيَانِ فِي الشَّهْرِ وَقِسْطُ زَيْتٍ وَقِسْطُ خَلٍّ فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ ؓ بِمُدْيَيْنِ مِنْ قَمْحٍ فَطُحِنَا ثُمَّ عُجِنَا ثُمَّ خُبِزَا ثُمَّ أَدَمَهُمَا بِقِسْطَيْنِ زَيْتًا ثُمَّ أَجْلَسَ عَلَيْهِمَا ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا فَكَانَ كَفَافَ شِبْعِهِمْ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ عُمَرُ الْمُدْيَ بِيَمِينِهِ وَالْقِسْطَ بِيَسَارِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللهُمَّ لَا أُحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُنْقِصَهُمَا بَعْدِي اللهُمَّ فَمَنْ نَقَصَهُمَا فَانْقُصْ مِنْ عُمْرِهِ  

Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadthan said: One day Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned the spoils of war and said: I am not more entitled to this spoil of war than you; and none of us is more entitled to it than another, except that we occupy our positions fixed by the Book of Allah, Who is Great and Glorious, and the division made by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, people being arranged according to their precedence in accepting Islam, the hardship they have endured their having children and their need. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2950)   

مَا أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا الْفَيْءِ مِنْكُمْ وَمَا أَحَدٌ مِنَّا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا أَنَّا عَلَى مَنَازِلِنَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَقِسْمَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَالرَّجُلُ وَقِدَمُهُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَبَلَاؤُهُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَعِيَالُهُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَحَاجَتُهُ  

[Machine] Umar asked, "How much do you think a man's giving is sufficient for him?" He replied, "I said such and such." Umar said, "If I remain alive, I will make the giving of a man four thousand; a thousand for his weapon, a thousand for his expenses, a thousand to leave for his family, and a thousand for such and such." He said this for his horse.  

قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ كَمْ تَرَى الرَّجُلَ يَكْفِيهِ مِنْ عَطَائِهِ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لَأَجْعَلَنَّ عَطَاءَ الرَّجُلِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ؛ أَلْفٌ لِسِلَاحِهِ وَأَلْفٌ لِنَفَقَتِهِ وَأَلْفٌ يُخَلِّفُهَا فِي أَهْلِهِ وَأَلْفٌ لِكَذَا أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ لِفَرَسِهِ  

[Machine] That Umar used to provide for the slaves, slave women, and horses.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ يَرْزُقُ الْعَبِيدَ وَالْإِمَاءَ وَالْخَيْلَ  

[Machine] Omar used to impose on the young boy when he started  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ يَفْرِضُ لِلصَّبِيِّ إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ  

[Machine] If he asks for it, he deserves to be given and provided for.  

إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَجَبَ عَطَاؤُهُ وَرِزْقُهُ  

[Machine] That her father took her to Ali, and he gave her in charity while she was young. Ali said, "What right does a child who eats food and bites from a piece have over this charity compared to a newborn who suckles milk?" These narrations, along with others that have been mentioned on this subject, imply that it was obligatory to the extent of sufficiency for a man, his family, his children, his servants, and his animals. And Allah knows best.  

أَنَّ أَبَاهَا انْطَلَقَ بِهَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَفَرَضَ لَهَا فِي الْعَطَاءِ وَهِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ مَا الصَّبِيُّ الَّذِي أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ وَعَضَّ عَلَى الْكَسْرَةِ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الْعَطَاءِ مِنَ الْمَوْلُودِ الَّذِي يَمُصُّ الثَّدْيَ وَهَذِهِ الْآثَارُ مَعَ سَائِرِ مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُفْرَضُ لِلرَّجُلِ قَدْرَ كِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ أَهْلِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَعَبْدِهِ وَدَابَّتِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ