9. Sūrat al-Tawbah (2/3)

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة ص ٢

Qurʾān > Chapter 9
القرآن > كتاب ٩

The Repentance (Medinan)

quran:9:51 –

Say, "Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us; He is our protector." And upon Allah let the believers rely.  

Say, to them: ‘Nothing shall afflict us but that which God has decreed for us, that we be afflicted thereby; He is our Protector, our Helper and the One in charge of our affairs; in God let the believers put their trust’.
القرآن:٩:٥١ –

قُلْ لَنْ يُصِيبَنَا إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنَا هُوَ مَوْلَانَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ  

{قل} لهم {لن يصيبنا إلا ما كتب الله لنا} إصابته {هو مولانا} ناصرنا ومتولي أمورنا {وعلى الله فيتوكل المؤمنون}.
quran:9:52 –

Say, "Do you await for us except one of the two best things while we await for you that Allah will afflict you with punishment from Himself or at our hands? So wait; indeed we, along with you, are waiting."  

Say: ‘Are you waiting (tarabbasūn: one of the two original tā’ letters ˹in tatarabbasūn˺ has been omitted) for anything, to occur, for us but one of the two fair things, ˹the two fair˺ outcomes? (husnayayn is the dual form of husnā, which is the feminine form of ahsan), that is, victory or martyrdom? We are waiting in your case too, for God to afflict you with a chastisement from Him, with a calamity from the heaven, or at our hands, should we be given permission to fight you. So wait, for this to ˹befall˺ us, we are also waiting with you’, your end.
القرآن:٩:٥٢ –

قُلْ هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَا إِلَّا إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ ۖ وَنَحْنُ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمْ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ أَوْ بِأَيْدِينَا ۖ فَتَرَبَّصُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُتَرَبِّصُونَ  

{قل هل تربصون} فيه حذف إحدى التاءين من الأصل أي تنتظرون أن يقع {بنا إلا إحدى} العاقبتين {الحسنيين} تثنية حسنى تأنيث أحسن: النصر أو الشهادة {ونحن نتربص} ننتظر {بكم أن يصيبكم الله بعذاب من عنده} بقارعة من السماء {أو بأيدينا} بأن يؤذن لنا في قتالكم {فتربصوا} بنا ذلك {إنا معكم متربِّصون} عاقبتكم.
quran:9:53 –

Say, "Spend willingly or unwillingly; never will it be accepted from you. Indeed, you have been a defiantly disobedient people."  

Say: ‘Expend, in obedience to God, willingly or unwillingly, it, what you expend, shall not be accepted from you; you are surely a wicked folk’ (the imperative statement here ˹also˺ functions as a predicate).
القرآن:٩:٥٣ –

قُلْ أَنْفِقُوا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا لَنْ يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكُمْ ۖ إِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ  

{قل أنفقوا} في طاعة الله {طوعا أو كرها لن يتقبل منكم} ما أنفقتموه {إنكم كننتم قوما فاسقين} والأمر هنا بمعنى الخبر.
quran:9:54 –

And what prevents their expenditures from being accepted from them but that they have disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger and that they come not to prayer except while they are lazy and that they do not spend except while they are unwilling.  

And nothing prevents their expenditure from being accepted (read as yuqbala or tuqbala) from them, but that they (innahum is the subject of the verb, while an tuqbala, ‘being accepted’ constitutes the object) have disbelieved in God and His Messenger, and that they do not come to ˹perform˺ prayer save as idlers, sluggishly, and that they do not expend without their being reluctant, to expend, for they consider it a financial penalty.
القرآن:٩:٥٤ –

وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَىٰ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ  

{وما منعهم أن تُقبل} بالياء والتاء {منهم نفقاتهم إلا أنهم} فاعل وأن تقبل مفعول {كفروا بالله وبرسوله ولا يأتون الصلاة إلا وهم كسالى} متثاقلون {ولا ينفقون إلا وهم كارهون} النفقة لأنهم يعدونها مغرما.
quran:9:55 –

So let not their wealth or their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in worldly life and that their souls should depart ˹at death˺ while they are disbelievers.  

So do not let their wealth or their children please you, that is, do not deem fair Our graces to them, for this is a ˹way of˺ drawing ˹them˺ on by degrees ˹to punish them˺: God only desires thereby to chastise them in the life of this world, by way of the hardship that they encounter in amassing such ˹wealth and children˺ and the calamities ˹they suffer˺ as a result thereof; and that their souls should depart while they are disbelievers, so He punishes them in the Hereafter with the worst punishment.
القرآن:٩:٥٥ –

فَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ  

{فلا تعجبْك أموالهم ولا أولادهم} أي لا تستحسن نعمنا عليهم فهي استدراج {إنَّمَا يريد الله ليعذبهم} أي أن يعذبهم {بها في الحياة الدنيا} بما يلقون في جمعها من المشقة وفيها من المصائب {وتزهَق} تخرج {أنفسهم وهم كافرون} فيعذبهم في الآخرة أشد العذاب.
quran:9:56 –

And they swear by Allah that they are from among you while they are not from among you; but they are a people who are afraid.  

And they swear by God that they truly are of you, that is, ˹that they are˺ believers; but they are not of you; they are a folk who are afraid, that you should deal with them as you have done with the idolaters, and so they swear merely in pretence, in order to protect themselves.
القرآن:٩:٥٦ –

وَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَمِنْكُمْ وَمَا هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ يَفْرَقُونَ  

{ويحلفون بالله إنهم لمنكم} أي مؤمنون {وما هم منكم ولكنهم قوم يفرقون} يخافون أن تفعلوا بهم كالمشركين فيحلفون تقية.
quran:9:57 –

If they could find a refuge or some caves or any place to enter ˹and hide˺, they would turn to it while they run heedlessly.  

If they could find a shelter, in which to seek refuge, or some caverns, underground chambers, or any place to enter, they would turn and bolt away to it, they would hasten to enter it and get away from you with the undeterred speed of an indomitable steed.
القرآن:٩:٥٧ –

لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَغَارَاتٍ أَوْ مُدَّخَلًا لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ  

{لو يجدون ملجأً} يلجأون إليه {أو مغارات} سراديب {أو مُدَّخَلا} موضعاً يدخلونه {لَوَلَّوْا إليه وهم يجمحون} يسرعون في دخوله والانصراف عنكم إسراعا لا يرده شيء كالفرس الجموح.
quran:9:58 –

And among them are some who criticize you concerning the ˹distribution of˺ charities. If they are given from them, they approve; but if they are not given from them, at once they become angry.  

Some of them defame you concerning the, apportioning of, voluntary almsgivings; if they are given a share of them, they are content, but if they are given none then they are enraged.
القرآن:٩:٥٨ –

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ  

{ومنهم من يلمزك} يعيبك {في} قَسْم {الصدقات فإن أُعطوا منها رضوا وإن لم يُعْطوْا منها إذا هم يسخطون}.
quran:9:59 –

If only they had been satisfied with what Allah and His Messenger gave them and said, "Sufficient for us is Allah; Allah will give us of His bounty, and ˹so will˺ His Messenger; indeed, we are desirous toward Allah," ˹it would have been better for them˺.  

If only they had been content with what God and His Messenger have given them, in the way of spoils and the like, and had said, ‘Sufficient for us is God; God will give us from His bounty, and His Messenger ˹will also give us˺, from other spoils, what will suffice us; to God we are suppliants’, that He enrich us (the response of ˹the conditional˺ law, ‘if only’, is la-kāna khayran lahum, ‘it would have been better for them’).
القرآن:٩:٥٩ –

وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ سَيُؤْتِينَا اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ إِنَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ رَاغِبُونَ  

{ولو أنهم رضوا ما آتاهم الله ورسوله} من الغنائم ونحوها {وقالوا حسبنا} كافينا {الله سيؤتينا الله من فضله ورسوله} من غنيمة أخرى ما يكفينا {إنا إلى الله راغبون} أن يغنينا وجواب لو لكان خيرا لهم.
quran:9:60 –

Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect ˹zakah˺ and for bringing hearts together ˹for Islam˺ and for freeing captives ˹or slaves˺ and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the ˹stranded˺ traveler - an obligation ˹imposed˺ by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.  

The voluntary almsgivings, the alms to be dispensed, are only for the poor, who cannot find anything to suffice them in the least, and the needy, who cannot find anything to suffice them, and those who work with them, that is, ˹with˺ these alms, in other words, the one who collects ˹them˺, the one who takes the oaths ˹from those who claim them˺, the slave to be manumitted by contract, as well as the tax-summoner; and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, so that they might become Muslims, or that Islam might be firmly established, or that their peers might become Muslims, or that they might defend Muslims, all of whom are ˹classed according to different˺ categories. According to al-Shāfi‘ī, may God be pleased with him, the first and the last ˹of these categories˺ are no longer given ˹of the alms-tax˺ today, because of the ˹established˺ power of Islam; in contrast, the other two ˹categories˺ are given ˹of the alms-tax˺, according to the sounder ˹opinion˺; and for, the manumission of, slaves, that is, ˹for˺ slaves to be manumitted by contract, and for the debtors, those in debt, if they have taken out a debt without intending thereby an act of disobedience, or those who have repented but have nothing with which to fulfil ˹the penalty of expiation˺, or to set things right between people, even if they be wealthy; and, for the way of God, that is, ˹for˺ those who are engaged in the struggle, of those for whom there is no ˹share of the˺ booty (fay’), even if they be wealthy; and for the traveller, the one cut off ˹from resources˺ during his journey — a duty imposed by God (farīdatan, ‘a duty’, is in the accusative because of an implied verb ˹sc. faradahā, ‘which He has imposed’˺). And God is Knower, of His creatures, Wise, in His actions. Thus, it is impermissible to dispense these ˹alms-proceeds˺ other than to these ˹categories˺, or to deny ˹these proceeds to˺ any one of these ˹categories˺ if they exist. The Imam must divide these ˹proceeds˺ among them equally, but he is permitted to give priority to certain individuals over others within any one category. The lām ˹of li’l-fuqarā’, ‘for the poor’˺ indicates that it is obligatory to include every individual ˹of these categories in the distribution of the proceeds˺; it is not, however, obligatory ˹to do so˺ when the person in charge of the monies has to apportion it but ˹finds that˺ it is insufficient. Indeed ˹in such a situation˺ it suffices to give three individuals from each category, but anything less than that is not sufficient, as is indicated by the plural form. The Sunna shows that the prerequisite condition for receiving ˹a share˺ of such ˹monies˺ is that the person be a Muslim, but not a Hashimī or a Muttālibī.
القرآن:٩:٦٠ –

إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۖ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{إنما الصدقات} الزكوات مصروفة {للفقراء} الذين لا يجدون ما يقع موقعا من كفايتهم {والمساكين} الذين لا يجدون ما يكفيهم {والعاملين عليها} أي الصدقات من جاب وقاسم وكاتب وحاشر {والمؤلفة قلوبهم} ليسلموا أو يثبت إسلامهم أو يسلم نظراؤهم أو يذبوا عن المسلمين أقسام، الأول والأخير لا يعطيان اليوم عند الشافعي ؓ لعز الإسلام بخلاف الآخرين فيعطيان على الأصح {وفي} فك {الرقاب} أي المكاتبين {والغارمين} أهل الدَّين إن استدانوا لغير معصية أو تابوا وليس لهم وفاء أو لإصلاح ذات البين ولو أغنياء {وفي سبيل الله} أي القائمين بالجهاد ممن لا فيء لهم ولو أغنياء {وابن السبيل} المنقطع في سفره {فريضة} نصب بفعله المقدر {من الله والله عليم} بخلقه {حكيم} في صنعه فلا يجوز صرفها لغير هؤلاء ولا منع صنف منهم إذا وجد فيقسمها الإمام عليهم على السواء وله تفضيل بعض آحاد الصنف على بعض، وأفادت اللام وجوب استغراق أفراده لكن لا يجب على صاحب المال إذا قسم لعسره بل يكفي إعطاء ثلاثة من كل صنف ولا يكفي دونها كما أفادته صيغة الجمع وبيَّنت السنة أن شرط المعطى منها الإسلام وأن لا يكون هاشميا ولا مطلبيا.
quran:9:61 –

And among them are those who abuse the Prophet and say, "He is an ear." Say, "˹It is˺ an ear of goodness for you that believes in Allah and believes the believers and ˹is˺ a mercy to those who believe among you." And those who abuse the Messenger of Allah - for them is a painful punishment.  

And of them, the hypocrites, are those who injure the Prophet, by casting aspersions on him and communicating ˹to others˺ what he says ˹in confidence˺, saying, when they are forbidden from ˹doing˺ this, lest it should reach him: ‘He is only a listener!’, that is, he listens to anything that is said, and accepts it, so that when we swear to him that we have not communicated ˹to others˺ a particular thing, he believes us. Say, he is, ‘A listener, who listens, to good for you, and not one who listens to evil, one who believes in God and has faith, he trusts, in the believers, in what they inform him, and not in others (the lām ˹of li’lmu’minīna, ‘in the believers’˺ has been added to distinguish between belief in the sense of ‘submitting ˹to God˺’ (islām), and in other senses ˹such as ‘trusting’˺) and who is a mercy (read rahmatun, in the nominative, as a supplement to udhunun, ‘a listener’, or rahmatin, in the genitive, as a supplement to khayrin, ‘to good’) to those of you who believe. Those who injure God’s Messenger, for them there is a painful chastisement’.
القرآن:٩:٦١ –

وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ ۚ قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{ومنهم} أي المنافقين {الذين يؤذون النبي} بعيبه وبنقل حديثه {ويقولن} إذا نُهوا عن ذلك لئلا يبلغه {هو أُذُنُ} أي يسمع كل قيل ويقبله فإذا حلفنا له أنَّا لم نقل صدَّقنا {قل} هو {أُذُن} مستمع {خيرٍ لكم} لا مستمع شر {يؤمن بالله ويؤمن} يصدق {للمؤمنين} فيما أخبروه به لا لغيرهم واللام زائدة للفرق بين إيمان التسليم وغيره {ورحمةٌ} بالرفع عطفا على أذن والجر عطفا على خير {للذين آمنوا منكم والذين يؤذون رسول الله لهم عذاب أليم}.
quran:9:62 –

They swear by Allah to you ˹Muslims˺ to satisfy you. But Allah and His Messenger are more worthy for them to satisfy, if they should be believers.  

They swear by God to you, O believers, that what has reached you of the Messenger being injured they did not do, so that they might please you, but God and His Messenger are more deserving that they should please them, through obedience, if they are, true, believers (the merging of the pronouns into one ˹in yurdūhu, ‘their pleasing them’˺ is because the ‘pleasure’ of both ˹God and His Messenger˺ are mutually dependent; ˹either that˺ or it is because the predicate of Allāhu wa-rasūluhu, ‘God and His Messenger’, has been omitted).
القرآن:٩:٦٢ –

يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ لِيُرْضُوكُمْ وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{يحلفون بالله لكم} أيها المؤمنين فيما بلغكم عنهم من أذى الرسول أنهم ما آذوه {ليرضوكم والله ورسوله أحقُّ أن يرضوه} بالطاعة {إن كانوا مؤمنين} حقا وتوحيد الضمير لتلازم الرضاءين أو خبر الله ورسوله محذوف.
quran:9:63 –

Do they not know that whoever opposes Allah and His Messenger - that for him is the fire of Hell, wherein he will abide eternally? That is the great disgrace.  

Do they not know that, the fact is that, whoever opposes God and His Messenger, for him shall be the fire of Hell, as a requital, to abide therein? That is the great abasement.
القرآن:٩:٦٣ –

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ مَنْ يُحَادِدِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَأَنَّ لَهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْخِزْيُ الْعَظِيمُ  

{ألم يعلموا} بـ {أنه} أي الشأن {من يحادد} يشاقق {الله ورسولَه فأن له نار جهنم} جزاء {خالدا فيها ذلك الخزي العظيم}.
quran:9:64 –

They hypocrites are apprehensive lest a surah be revealed about them, informing them of what is in their hearts. Say, "Mock ˹as you wish˺; indeed, Allah will expose that which you fear."  

The hypocrites are cautious, they fear, lest a sūra should be revealed to them, that is, ˹to˺ the believers, informing them of what is in their ˹the hypocrites’˺ hearts, of hypocrisy, and yet despite this they persist in mockery. Say: ‘Keep mocking! (this is an imperative of threat) God will bring out, He will make manifest, that, hypocrisy of yours, of which you are fearful’, lest it be brought out.
القرآن:٩:٦٤ –

يَحْذَرُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةٌ تُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ۚ قُلِ اسْتَهْزِئُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْرِجٌ مَا تَحْذَرُونَ  

{يحذر} يخاف {المنافقون أن تنزل عليهم} أي المؤمنين {سورة تنبئهم بما في قلوبهم} من النفاق وهم مع ذلك يستهزئون {قل استهزؤا} أمر تهديد {إن الله مخرج} مظهر {ما تحذرون} إخراجه من نفاقكم.
quran:9:65 –

And if you ask them, they will surely say, "We were only conversing and playing." Say, "Is it Allah and His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?"  

And if (la-in: the lām is for oaths) you question them, about their mockery of you and of the Qur’ān while they were journeying with you towards Tabūk, assuredly they will say, making excuses: ‘We were only engaging ˹in idle talk˺ and jesting’, in conversation, in order to pass ˹the time of˺ the road, and we did not mean it. Say, to them: ‘Were you then mocking God, and His signs, and His Messenger?
القرآن:٩:٦٥ –

وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ ۚ قُلْ أَبِاللَّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ  

{ولئن} لام قسم {سألتهم} عن استهزائهم بك وبالقرآن وهم سائرون معك إلى تبوك {ليقولن} معتذرين {إنما كنا نخوض ونلعب} في الحديث لنقطع به الطريق ولم نقصد ذلك {قل} لهم {أبالله وآياته ورسوله كنتم تستهزئون}.
quran:9:66 –

Make no excuse; you have disbelieved after your belief. If We pardon one faction of you - We will punish another faction because they were criminals.  

Make no excuses, for that. You have disbelieved after believing, that is, your disbelief has become manifest even as you have manifested belief. If We forgive (read passive yu‘fa, ‘it is forgiven’, or active ˹first person plural˺ na‘fu, ‘We forgive’) a party of you, because of its sincerity and its repentance, as in the case of Jahsh b. Humayyir, We will chastise (read either ˹passive˺ tu‘adhdhab, ‘˹it˺ shall be chastised’, or nu‘adhdhib) another party because they were sinners’, persisting in hypocrisy and mockery.
القرآن:٩:٦٦ –

لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا قَدْ كَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ نَعْفُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَائِفَةً بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُجْرِمِينَ  

{لا تعتذروا} عنه {قد كفرتم بعد إيمانكم} أي ظهر كفركم بعد إظهار الإيمان {إن يُعْفَ} بالياء مبنيا للمفعول والنون مبنيا للفاعل {عن طائفة منكم} بإخلاصها وتوبتها كجحش بن حمير {تُعَذَّبْ} بالتاء والنون {طائفةٌٌ بأنهم كانوا مجرمين} مصرّين على النفاق والاستهزاء.
quran:9:67 –

The hypocrite men and hypocrite women are of one another. They enjoin what is wrong and forbid what is right and close their hands. They have forgotten Allah, so He has forgotten them ˹accordingly˺. Indeed, the hypocrites - it is they who are the defiantly disobedient.  

The hypocrites, both men and women, are of one another, that is, they resemble one another in religion, as pieces of an individual entity, they enjoin indecency, unbelief and acts of disobedience, and forbid decency, faith and obedience; and they withhold their hands shut, from expending in obedience ˹of God˺; they have forgotten God, they have abandoned obedience of Him, so He has forgotten them, He has deprived them of His grace. Truly the hypocrites, they are the wicked.
القرآن:٩:٦٧ –

الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمُنْكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ۚ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَنَسِيَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ  

{المنافقون والمنافقات بعضهم من بعض} أي متشابهون في الدين كأبعاض الشيء الواحد {يأمرون بالمنكر} الكفر والمعاصي {وينهَون عن المعروف} الإيمان والطاعة {ويقبضون أيديهم} من الإنفاق في الطاعة {نسوا الله} تركوا طاعته {فنسيهم} تركهم من لطفه {إن المنافقين هم الفاسقون}.
quran:9:68 –

Allah has promised the hypocrite men and hypocrite women and the disbelievers the fire of Hell, wherein they will abide eternally. It is sufficient for them. And Allah has cursed them, and for them is an enduring punishment.  

God has promised the hypocrites, both men and women, and the disbelievers, the fire of Hell, to abide therein: it will suffice them, as a requital and a punishment. And God has cursed them, He has removed them from His mercy, and theirs will be a lasting, perpetual, chastisement.
القرآن:٩:٦٨ –

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتِ وَالْكُفَّارَ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ هِيَ حَسْبُهُمْ ۚ وَلَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ  

{وعد الله المنافقين والمنافقات والكفار نار جهنم خالدين فيها هي حسبهم} جزاءً وعقابا {ولعنهم الله} أبعدهم عن رحمته {ولهم عذاب مقيم} دائم.
quran:9:69 –

˹You disbelievers are˺ like those before you; they were stronger than you in power and more abundant in wealth and children. They enjoyed their portion ˹of worldly enjoyment˺, and you have enjoyed your portion as those before you enjoyed their portion, and you have engaged ˹in vanities˺ like that in which they engaged. ˹It is˺ those whose deeds have become worthless in this world and in the Hereafter, and it is they who are the losers.  

You, O hypocrites, are, like those before you, who were far mightier than you, and more abundant in wealth and children. They enjoyed their share, their lot in this world. So you enjoy, O hypocrites, your share, just as those before you enjoyed their share, and you indulge ˹in vain talk˺, in falsehood and defamation of the Prophet (s), just as they indulged ˹in vain talk˺. Those, their works have become invalid in this world and in the Hereafter; and those, they indeed are the losers.
القرآن:٩:٦٩ –

كَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْكُمْ قُوَّةً وَأَكْثَرَ أَمْوَالًا وَأَوْلَادًا فَاسْتَمْتَعُوا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ فَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِخَلَاقِكُمْ كَمَا اسْتَمْتَعَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِخَلَاقِهِمْ وَخُضْتُمْ كَالَّذِي خَاضُوا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ  

أنتم أيها المنافقون {كالذين من قبلكم كانوا أشد منكم قوة وأكثر أموالا وأولادا فاستمتعوا} تمتعوا {بخلاقهم} نصيبهم من الدنيا {فاستمتعتم} أيها المنافقون {بخلاقكم كما استمتع الذين من قبلكم بخلاقهم وخضتم} في الباطل والطعن في النبي ﷺ {كالذي خاضوا} أي كخوضهم {أولئك حبطت أعمالهم في الدنيا والآخرة وأولئك هم الخاسرون}.
quran:9:70 –

Has there not reached them the news of those before them - the people of Noah and ˹the tribes of˺ 'Aad and Thamud and the people of Abraham and the companions of Madyan and the towns overturned? Their messengers came to them with clear proofs. And Allah would never have wronged them, but they were wronging themselves.  

Has not the tidings, the tale, of those before them reached them — the folk of Noah, and ‘Ād, the folk of Hūd, and Thamūd, the folk of Sālih, and the folk of Abraham, and the dwellers of Midian, the folk of Shu‘ayb, and the Deviant ˹cities˺?, the cities of the folk of Lot, meaning, its inhabitants. Their messengers brought them clear proofs, with miracles, but they denied them, and so were destroyed. God would never have wronged them, by punishing them for no sin ˹on their part˺, but they wronged themselves, by committing sin.
القرآن:٩:٧٠ –

أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ  

{ألم يأتهم نبأ} خبر {الذين من قبلهم قوم نوح وعاد} قوم هود {وثمود} قوم صالح {وقوم إبراهيم وأصحاب مدين} قوم شعيب {والمؤتفكات} قرى قوم لوط أي أهلها {أتتهم رسلهم بالبيِّنات} بالمعجزات فكذبوهم فأُهلكوا {فما كان الله ليظلمهم} بأن يعذبهم بغير ذنب {ولكن كانوا أنفسهم يظلمون} بارتكاب الذنب.
quran:9:71 –

The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Those - Allah will have mercy upon them. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  

And the believers, both men and women, are allies of one another; they enjoin decency and forbid indecency; they observe prayer and pay the alms, and they obey God and His Messenger. Those, God will have mercy on them. Truly God is Mighty, nothing can prevent Him from fulfilling His promise and His threat; Wise, He puts everything in its proper place.
القرآن:٩:٧١ –

وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{والمؤمنون والمؤمنات بعضهم أولياء بعض يأمرون بالمعروف وينهون عن المنكر ويقيمون الصلاة ويؤتون الزكاة ويطيعون الله ورسوله أولئك سيرحمهم الله إن الله عزيز} لا يعجزه شيء عن إنجاز وعده ووعيده {حكيم} لا يضع شيئا إلا في محله.
quran:9:72 –

Allah has promised the believing men and believing women gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally, and pleasant dwellings in gardens of perpetual residence; but approval from Allah is greater. It is that which is the great attainment.  

God has promised the believers, both men and women, Gardens underneath which rivers flow, to abide therein, and blessed dwellings in the Gardens of Eden, for residence, and beatitude from God is greater, is superior to all of that. That is the supreme triumph.
القرآن:٩:٧٢ –

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ ۚ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ  

{وعد الله المؤمنين والمؤمنات جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها ومساكن طيبة في جنات عدن} إقامة {ورضوانُُ من الله أكبر} أعظم من ذلك كله {ذلك هو الفوز العظيم}.
quran:9:73 –

O Prophet, fight against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh upon them. And their refuge is Hell, and wretched is the destination.  

O Prophet, struggle against the disbelievers, with the sword, and the hypocrites, with words and ˹definitive˺ arguments, and be harsh with them, through rebuke and aversion ˹towards them˺; for their abode will be Hell, an evil journey’s end, ˹an evil˺ resort it is!
القرآن:٩:٧٣ –

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ  

{يا أيها النبيُّ جاهد الكفَّار} بالسيف {والمنافقين} باللسان والحجة {وأغلظ عليهم} بالانتهار والمقت {ومأواهم جهنم وبئس المصير} المرجع هي.
quran:9:74 –

They swear by Allah that they did not say ˹anything against the Prophet˺ while they had said the word of disbelief and disbelieved after their ˹pretense of˺ Islam and planned that which they were not to attain. And they were not resentful except ˹for the fact˺ that Allah and His Messenger had enriched them of His bounty. So if they repent, it is better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And there will not be for them on earth any protector or helper.  

They, the hypocrites, swear by God that they said nothing, of the defamation that has reached you ˹as being˺ from them; but they did indeed say the word of disbelief and did disbelieve after their submission ˹to God˺: they did indeed manifest disbelief after having manifested submission ˹to God˺. And they purposed that which they never attained, in the way of assassinating the Prophet on the night of al-‘Aqaba, upon his return from Tabūk — there were about ten to twenty of them, and ‘Ammār b. Yāsir struck the faces of their riding camels when they came against him and were thus repulsed; and they were only spiteful, they detested, that God and His Messenger should have enriched them of His bounty, by way of spoils, when they had been in dire need: the meaning is that this was all that they attained from him, which is nothing to be spiteful about. So if they repent, of hypocrisy and believe in you, it will be better for them; but if they turn away, from belief, God will chastise them with a painful chastisement in this world, by having them killed, and in the Hereafter, in the Fire, and they have none on earth as protector, to guard them from Him, or helper, to defend them.
القرآن:٩:٧٤ –

يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ وَهَمُّوا بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُوا ۚ وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ فَإِنْ يَتُوبُوا يَكُ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ يَتَوَلَّوْا يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ  

{يحلفون} أي المنافقون {بالله ما قالوا} ما بلغك عنهم من السب {ولقد قالوا كلمة الكفر وكفروا بعد إسلامهم} أظهروا الكفر بعد إظهار الإسلام {وهمَّوا بما لم ينالوا} من الفتك بالنبي ليلة العقبة عند عوده من تبوك وهم بضعة عشر رجلا فضرب عمار بن ياسر وجوه الرواحل لما غشوه فردوا {وما نقموا} أنكروا {إلا أن أغناهم الله ورسوله من فضله} بالغنائم بعد شدة حاجتهم المعنى: لم ينلهم منه إلا هذا وليس مما ينقم {فإن يتوبوا} عن النفاق ويؤمنوا بك {يكُ خيرا لهم وإن يتولوْا} عن الإيمان {يعذبهم الله عذابا أليما في الدنيا} بالقتل {والآخرة} بالنار {ومالهم في الأرض من ولي} يحفظهم منه {ولا نصير} يمنعهم.
quran:9:75 –

And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, ˹saying˺, "If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous."  

And some of them have made a covenant with God ˹saying˺: ‘If He gives us of His bounty, we will give voluntary alms (la-nassaddaqanna: the original tā’ ˹of natasaddaqanna˺ has been assimilated with the sād) and become of the righteous’: this was Tha‘laba b. Hātib, who asked the Prophet (s) to supplicate on his behalf so that God would give him wealth, of which he would give every needy person his due. He ˹the Prophet˺ thus supplicated for him and he became wealthy, but stopped attending the Friday prayer and congregational prayers and refused to pay the alms-tax, as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٩:٧٥ –

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ  

{ومنهم من عاهد الله لئن آتانا من فضله لنصًّدقن} فيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في الصاد {ولنكونن من الصالحين} وهو ثعلبة بن حاطب سأل النبي ﷺ أن يدعو له أن يرزقه الله مالا ويؤدي منه كل ذي حق حقه فدعا له فوسع عليه فانقطع عن الجمعة والجماعة ومنع الزكاة كما قال تعالى.
quran:9:76 –

But when he gave them from His bounty, they were stingy with it and turned away while they refused.  

Yet when He gave them of His bounty, they became niggardly with it and turned away, from obedience to God, in aversion.
القرآن:٩:٧٦ –

فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ  

{فلما آتاهم من فضله بخلوا به وتولَّوْا} عن طاعة الله {وهم معرضون}.
quran:9:77 –

So He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day they will meet Him - because they failed Allah in what they promised Him and because they ˹habitually˺ used to lie.  

So He made the consequence in their case hypocrisy, fixed, in their hearts, until the day they meet Him, that is, God, on the Day of Resurrection, because they failed God in what they promised Him and because, of that concerning which, they lied: he ˹Tha‘laba˺ then brought ˹the payment of˺ his alms to the Prophet (s), who said to him, ‘God has forbidden me to accept ˹it˺ from you’; so he ˹Tha‘laba˺ began to throw earth on his head ˹in remorse˺. He then approached Abū Bakr with it, who did not accept it. He then went to ‘Umar ˹b. al-Khattāb˺, who also did not accept it. He went to ‘Uthmān ˹b. ‘Affān˺, but he did not accept it; he died during the latter’s reign.
القرآن:٩:٧٧ –

فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ  

{فأعقبهم} أي فصير عاقبتهم {نفاقا} ثابتا {في قلوبهم إلى يوم يلقونه} أي الله وهو يوم القيامة {بما أخلفوا الله ما وعدوه وبما كانوا يكذبون} فيه فجاء بعد ذلك إلى النبي ﷺ بزكاته فقال إن الله منعني أن أقبل منك، فجعل يحثو التراب على رأسه ثم جاء إلى أبي بكر فلم يقبلها ثم إلى عمر فلم يقبلها ثم إلى عثمان فلم يقبلها ومات في زمانه.
quran:9:78 –

Did they not know that Allah knows their secrets and their private conversations and that Allah is the Knower of the unseen?  

Did they, the hypocrites, not know that God knows their secret, what they conceal within themselves, and their confidential talks, what they confide in each other, and that God is the Knower of the hidden things?, what is concealed from the eyes.
القرآن:٩:٧٨ –

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ  

{ألم يعلموا} أي المنافقون {أن الله يعلم سرهم} ما أسروه في أنفسهم {ونجواهم} ما تناجوا به بينهم {وأنّ الله علام الغيوب} ما غاب عن العيان ولما نزلت آية الصدقة جاء رجل فتصدق بشيء كثير فقال المنافقون: مُراءٍ وجاء رجل فتصدق بصاع فقالوا: إنّ الله غني عن صدقة هذا فنزل.
quran:9:79 –

Those who criticize the contributors among the believers concerning ˹their˺ charities and ˹criticize˺ the ones who find nothing ˹to spend˺ except their effort, so they ridicule them - Allah will ridicule them, and they will have a painful punishment.  

When the verse concerning ‘voluntary alms’ ˹Q. 9:75˺ was revealed, a man came and gave a large amount as voluntary alms, so the hypocrites said, ‘He is ˹merely˺ showing off!’ Another man then came and gave a ˹moderate˺ measure ˹of food˺, and so they said, ‘God has no need of this man’s charity!’ The following was then revealed: Those who (alladhīna is the subject) find fault with, defame, the believers who offer alms voluntarily, performing supererogation, and such as find nothing ˹to offer˺ but their endeavours, ˹nothing but˺ what they are capable of, and offer it; and deride them (and the predicate ˹of the mentioned subject˺ is ˹the following˺) — God ˹Himself˺ derides them, He has requited them for their derision, and theirs will be a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٩:٧٩ –

الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{الذين} مبتدأ {يلمزون} يعيبون {المطوعين} المتنفلين {من المؤمنين في الصدقات والذين لا يجدون إلا جهدهم} طاقتهم فيأتون به {فيسخرون منهم} والخبر {سخر الله منهم} جازاهم على سخريتهم {ولهم عذاب أليم}.
quran:9:80 –

Ask forgiveness for them, ˹O Muhammad˺, or do not ask forgiveness for them. If you should ask forgiveness for them seventy times - never will Allah forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.  

Ask forgiveness for them, O Muhammad (s), or do not ask forgiveness for them: this leaves the choice of asking forgiveness, or refraining, up to him; the Prophet (s) said, ‘I have been given the choice, and I made it’, meaning ˹the choice˺ to ask forgiveness, as reported by al-Bukhārī. If you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, God will not forgive them: it is said that the ‘seventy’ is intended to express ˹by hyperbole˺ a great frequency of asking forgiveness. In ˹the Sahīh of˺ al-Bukhārī there is a hadīth ˹which states˺: ‘If I was sure that were I to ask more than seventy times, God would forgive ˹them˺, I would have done so’. It is also said, however, that the very number ˹seventy˺ is actually meant, on account of this other hadīth of his: ‘I shall ask more than seventy times’, whereupon it was made clear to him ˹the Prophet˺ that the matter regarding forgiveness had been concluded by the verse, ˹Q. 63:6˺ Alike it will be regarding them: whether you ask forgiveness for them or you do not ask forgiveness for them ˹God will not forgive them˺; that is because they disbelieved in God and His Messenger; and God does not guide the wicked folk.
القرآن:٩:٨٠ –

اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

(استغفر) يا محمد (لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم) تخيير له في الاستغفار وتركه قال ﷺ : "" إني خيرت فاخترت يعني الاستغفار "" رواه البخاري (إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم) قيل المراد بالسبعين المبالغة في كثرة الاستغفار وفي البخاري حديث "" لو أعلم أني لو زدت على السبعين غفر لزدت عليها "" وقيل المراد العدد المخصوص لحديثه أيضاً "" وسأزيد على السبعين "" فبين له حسم المغفرة بآية [سواء عليهم استغفرت لهم أم لم تستغفر لهم] (ذلك بأنهم كفروا بالله ورسوله والله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين).
quran:9:81 –

Those who remained behind rejoiced in their staying ˹at home˺ after ˹the departure of˺ the Messenger of Allah and disliked to strive with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allah and said, "Do not go forth in the heat." Say, "The fire of Hell is more intensive in heat" - if they would but understand.  

Those who were left behind, from ˹the journey to˺ Tabūk, rejoiced at remaining behind the Messenger of God, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in the way of God. And they said, that is, they said to one another, ‘Do not go forth, do not set off to ˹join˺ the fight, in the heat!’ Say: ‘The fire of Hell is hotter, than Tabūk, and more worthy for them to guard against, by not staying behind, did they but understand’, this, they would not have stayed behind.
القرآن:٩:٨١ –

فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَالُوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ ۗ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ  

{فرح المخلَّفون} عن تبوك {بمقعدهم} أي بقعودهم {خلاف} أي بعد {رسول الله وكرهوا أن يجاهدوا بأموالهم وأنفسهم في سبيل الله وقالوا} أي قال بعضهم لبعض {لا تنفروا} تخرجوا إلى الجهاد {في الحر قل نار جهنم أشدُّ حرا} من تبوك فالأولى أن يتقوها بترك التخلف {لو كانوا يفقهون} يعلمون ذلك ما تخلفوا.
quran:9:82 –

So let them laugh a little and ˹then˺ weep much as recompense for what they used to earn.  

But let them laugh a little, in this world, and weep much, in the Hereafter, as a requital for what they used to earn (the sentence is predicative of their state, expressed in the form of an imperative).
القرآن:٩:٨٢ –

فَلْيَضْحَكُوا قَلِيلًا وَلْيَبْكُوا كَثِيرًا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ  

{فليضحكوا قليلا} في الدنيا {وليبكوا} في الآخرة {كثيرا جزاءً بما كانوا يكسبون} خبر عن حالهم بصيغة الأمر.
quran:9:83 –

If Allah should return you to a faction of them ˹after the expedition˺ and then they ask your permission to go out ˹to battle˺, say, "You will not go out with me, ever, and you will never fight with me an enemy. Indeed, you were satisfied with sitting ˹at home˺ the first time, so sit ˹now˺ with those who stay behind."  

So if God brings you back, from Tabūk, to a party of them, of those hypocrites who stayed behind in Medina, and they ask leave of you to go forth, with you on some other campaign, say, to them: ‘You shall never more go forth with me, and you shall never fight with me against an enemy. You were content to stay behind the first time, so stay behind with those who stay behind’, away from ˹military˺ campaigns, such as women and children and others.
القرآن:٩:٨٣ –

فَإِنْ رَجَعَكَ اللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُلْ لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ أَبَدًا وَلَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا ۖ إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ  

{فإنْ رجعك} ردك {الله} من تبوك {إلى طائفة منهم} ممن تخلف بالمدينة من المنافقين {فاستأذنوك للخروج} معك إلى غزوة أُخرى {فقل} لهم {لن تخرجوا معي أبدا ولن تقاتلوا معي عدوا إنكم رضيتم بالقعود أول مرة فاقعدوا مع الخالفين} المتخلفين عن الغزو من النساء والصبيان وغيرهم.
quran:9:84 –

And do not pray ˹the funeral prayer, O Muhammad˺, over any of them who has died - ever - or stand at his grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died while they were defiantly disobedient.  

When the Prophet (s) prayed over ˹the dead body of ‘Abd Allāh˺ Ibn Ubayy, the following was revealed: And never pray over any one of them when he is dead, nor stand over his grave, at a burial or as a visit; lo! they disbelieved in God and His Messenger, and died while they were wicked, ˹they died˺ disbelieving.
القرآن:٩:٨٤ –

وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَىٰ قَبْرِهِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ  

ولما صلى النبي ﷺ على ابن أبيّ نزل {ولا تُصلِّ على أحد منهم مات أبدا ولا تقم على قبره} لدفن أو زيارة {إنهم كفروا بالله ورسوله وماتوا وهم فاسقون} كافرون.
quran:9:85 –

And let not their wealth and their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in this world and that their souls should depart ˹at death˺ while they are disbelievers.  

And let not their wealth and their children please you; God desires only to chastise them thereby in this world, and that their souls should depart while they are disbelievers.
القرآن:٩:٨٥ –

وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ  

{ولا تعجبك أموالهم وأولادهم إنما يريد الله أن يعذبهم بها في الدنيا وتزهق} تخرج {أنفسهم وهم كافرون}.
quran:9:86 –

And when a surah was revealed ˹enjoining them˺ to believe in Allah and to fight with His Messenger, those of wealth among them asked your permission ˹to stay back˺ and said, "Leave us to be with them who sit ˹at home˺."  

And when a sūra, that is, a section of the Qur’ān, is revealed, saying: ‘Believe in God and strive with His Messenger’, the affluent among them ask leave of you, saying, ‘Leave us to be with those who sit at home’.
القرآن:٩:٨٦ –

وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالُوا ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ  

{وإذا أُنزلت سورة} أي طائفة من القرآن {أن} أي بأن {آمنوا بالله وجاهدوا مع رسوله استأذنك أولوا الطَّوْل} ذوو الغنى {منهم وقالوا ذرنا نكن مع القاعدين}.
quran:9:87 –

They were satisfied to be with those who stay behind, and their hearts were sealed over, so they do not understand.  

They are content to be with those who stay behind (khawālif is the plural of khālifa, meaning the women who ‘stay behind’ ˹takhallafna˺ at home) and a seal has been set upon their hearts, so they do not understand, ˹what is˺ good.
القرآن:٩:٨٧ –

رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ  

{رضوا بأن يكونوا مع الخوالف} جمع خالفة أي النساء اللاتي تخلَّفن في البيوت {وطبع على قلوبهم فهم لا يفقهون} الخير.
quran:9:88 –

But the Messenger and those who believed with him fought with their wealth and their lives. Those will have ˹all that is˺ good, and it is those who are the successful.  

But the Messenger and those who believe with him strive with their wealth and their lives: for them are the good things, in this life and in the Hereafter; those, they are the successful, the triumphant.
القرآن:٩:٨٨ –

لَٰكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ  

{لكن الرسولُ والذين آمنوا معه جاهدوا بأموالهم وأنفسهم وأولئك لهم الخيرات} في الدنيا والآخرة {وأولئك هم المفلحون} أي الفائزون.
quran:9:89 –

Allah has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide eternally. That is the great attainment.  

God has prepared for them Gardens underneath which rivers flow, to abide therein: that is the supreme triumph.
القرآن:٩:٨٩ –

أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ  

{أعد الله لهم جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها ذلك الفوز العظيم}.
quran:9:90 –

And those with excuses among the bedouins came to be permitted ˹to remain˺, and they who had lied to Allah and His Messenger sat ˹at home˺. There will strike those who disbelieved among them a painful punishment.  

And those Bedouins who had an excuse (al-mu‘adhdhirūn: the original tā’ has been assimilated with the dāl, in other words ˹it would usually be read as˺ al-mu‘tadhirūn, which ˹itself˺ is a variant reading), those ˹of them who were˺ excused, ˹came˺ to the Prophet (s), asking for leave, to stay behind on account of their excuses, and so he gave them leave to do so. And those who lied to God and His Messenger, by feigning belief, ˹those˺ hypocrites among the Bedouin, stayed behind, ˹refraining˺ from coming to give ˹their˺ excuses — a painful chastisement shall befall those of them who disbelieve.
القرآن:٩:٩٠ –

وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{وجاء المعذِّرون} بإدغام التاء في الأصل في الدال أي المعتذرون بمعنى المعذورين وقرئ به {من الأعراب} إلى النبي ﷺ {ليؤذن لهم} في القعود لعذرهم فأذن لهم {وقعد الذين كذبوا الله ورسوله} في ادعاء الإيمان من منافقي الأعراب عن المجيء للاعتذار {سيصيب الذين كفروا منهم عذاب أليم}.
quran:9:91 –

There is not upon the weak or upon the ill or upon those who do not find anything to spend any discomfort when they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger. There is not upon the doers of good any cause ˹for blame˺. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

As for the weak, such as the old, and the sick, the blind and the chronically ill, and those who find nothing to expend, for the struggle, no blame, no sin, falls upon them, should they stay away from it, if they remain true to God and to His Messenger, when they stay behind, by not spreading false rumours or impeding ˹others from joining the struggle˺, but by ˹adhering to˺ obedience. There is no way ˹of blame˺, no way of reproach, against those who are virtuous, through such ˹behaviour˺. And God is Forgiving, Merciful, to them, by granting them such leeway ˹in this matter˺.
القرآن:٩:٩١ –

لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَىٰ وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{ليس على الضعفاء} كالشيوخ {ولا على المرضى} كالعمي والزمنى {ولا على الذين لا يجدون ما ينفقون} في الجهاد {حرج} إثم في التخلف عنه {إذا نصحوا لله ورسوله} في حال قعودهم بعدم الإرجاف والتثبيط والطاعة {ما على المحسنين} بذلك {من سبيل} طريق بالمؤاخذة {والله غفور} لهم {رحيم} بهم في التوسعة في ذلك.
quran:9:92 –

Nor ˹is there blame˺ upon those who, when they came to you that you might give them mounts, you said, "I can find nothing for you to ride upon." They turned back while their eyes overflowed with tears out of grief that they could not find something to spend ˹for the cause of Allah˺.  

Nor against those who, when they came to you so that you might give them a mount, ˹to ride˺ with you on the raid — these were seven men of the Ansār; but it is also said that they were the Banū Muqrin — you having said to them, ‘I cannot find ˹a mount˺ whereon to mount you’ (this ˹last sentence˺ is a circumstantial qualifier), turned back (this is the response to the ˹clause beginning with˺ idhā, ‘when’), that is, they departed, their eyes flowing, pouring, with tears (min al-dam‘i: min is explicative) for sorrow that they could not find the means to expend, for the ˹campaign˺ struggle.
القرآن:٩:٩٢ –

وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ  

{ولا على الذين إذا ما أتوك لتحملهم} معك إلى الغزو وهم سبعة من الأنصار وقيل بنو مقرن {قلتَ لا أجد ما أحملكم عليه} حال {تولَّوا} جواب إذا أي انصرفوا {وأعينهم تفيض} تسيل {من} للبيان {الدمع حزنا} لأجل {ألا يجدوا ما ينفقون} في الجهاد.
quran:9:93 –

The cause ˹for blame˺ is only upon those who ask permission of you while they are rich. They are satisfied to be with those who stay behind, and Allah has sealed over their hearts, so they do not know.  

The way ˹of blame˺ is only against those who ask leave of you, to stay behind, when they are rich. They are content to be with those who stay behind and God has set a seal on their hearts, so that they do not know: a similar statement has already been made.
القرآن:٩:٩٣ –

إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۚ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{إنما السَّبيل على الذين يستأذنوك} في التخلُّف {وهم أغنياء رضوا بأن يكونوا مع الخوالف وطبع الله على قلوبهم فهم لا يعلمون} تقدم مثله.
quran:9:94 –

They will make excuses to you when you have returned to them. Say, "Make no excuse - never will we believe you. Allah has already informed us of your news. And Allah will observe your deeds, and ˹so will˺ His Messenger; then you will be taken back to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you of what you used to do."  

They will make excuses to you, for having stayed behind, when you return to them, from the campaign. Say, to them: ‘Do not make excuses; we will never believe you! God has already told us tidings of you, that is, He has already informed us of your ˹true˺ status. And God will see your work, and ˹so will˺ His Messenger, then you will be returned, through resurrection, to the Knower of the unseen and the visible, meaning ˹to˺ God, and He will tell you what you used to do’, and requite you for it.
القرآن:٩:٩٤ –

يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ قُلْ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ ۚ وَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ  

{يعتذرون إليكم} في التخلف {إذا رجعتم إليهم} من الغزو {قل} لهم {لا تعتذروا لن نؤمن لكم} نصدقكم {قد نبأنا الله من أخباركم} أي أخبرنا بأحوالكم {وسيرى الله عملَكم ورسوله ثم تُردون} بالبعث {إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة} أي الله {فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون} فيجازيكم عليه.
quran:9:95 –

They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them that you would leave them alone. So leave them alone; indeed they are evil; and their refuge is Hell as recompense for what they had been earning.  

They will swear to you by God, when you turn back, ˹when˺ you return, to them, from Tabūk, that they had ˹genuine˺ excuses for staying behind, so that you may leave them be, refraining from reproaching them. So leave them be, for they are an abomination, filth, on account of their inner vileness, and their abode shall be Hell, as requital for what they used to earn.
القرآن:٩:٩٥ –

سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ ۖ فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ رِجْسٌ ۖ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ  

{سيحلفون بالله لكم إذا انقلبتم} رجعتم {إليهم} من تبوك أنهم معذورون في التخلف {لتعرضوا عنهم} بترك المعاتبة {فأعرضوا عنهم إنهم رجس} قذر لخبث باطنهم {ومأواهم جهنم جزاءً بما كانوا يكسبون}.
quran:9:96 –

They swear to you so that you might be satisfied with them. But if you should be satisfied with them - indeed, Allah is not satisfied with a defiantly disobedient people.  

They will swear to you, that you may be satisfied with them; but if you are satisfied with them, God will surely not be satisfied with the wicked folk, that is, with them: your satisfaction is of no avail in the face of the wrath of God.
القرآن:٩:٩٦ –

يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ لِتَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ ۖ فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَىٰ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

{يحلفون لكم لترضوا عنهم فإن ترضوا عنهم فإنّ الله لا يرضى عن القوم الفاسقين} أي عنهم
quran:9:97 –

The bedouins are stronger in disbelief and hypocrisy and more likely not to know the limits of what ˹laws˺ Allah has revealed to His Messenger. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.  

The Bedouins, the ˹Arab˺ nomads, are more intense in unbelief and hypocrisy, than the city-dwellers, on account of their harshness and crude nature and their being too remote to hear the Qur’ān, and are more likely not to know the bounds of what God has revealed to His Messenger, in the way of rulings and ˹legal˺ prescriptions; and God is Knower, of His creatures, Wise, in what He does with them.
القرآن:٩:٩٧ –

الْأَعْرَابُ أَشَدُّ كُفْرًا وَنِفَاقًا وَأَجْدَرُ أَلَّا يَعْلَمُوا حُدُودَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{الأعراب} أهل البدو {أشدُّ كفرا ونفاقا} من أهل المدن لجفائهم وغلظ طباعهم وبعدهم عن سماع القرآن {وأجدر} أولى {أ} ن أي بأن {لا يعلموا حدود ما أنزل الله على رسوله} من الأحكام والشرائع {والله عليم} بخلقه {حكيم} في صنعه بهم.
quran:9:98 –

And among the bedouins are some who consider what they spend as a loss and await for you turns of misfortune. Upon them will be a misfortune of evil. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.  

And of the Bedouins there is he who takes what he expends, in the way of God, as a penalty, as a liability and a ˹financial˺ loss, because he does not aspire to be rewarded for it, but expends it out of fear: these were Banū Asad and ˹Banū˺ Ghatafān; and awaits for you ˹evil˺ turns of fortune, the fortunes of time, for you, that these should turn against you, and so be rid ˹of you˺. Theirs shall be the evil (read as al-sū‘, or alsaw‘) turn of fortune, that is, chastisement and destruction shall turn on them, not on you. And God is Hearer, of the sayings of His servants, Knower, of their actions.
القرآن:٩:٩٨ –

وَمِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنْفِقُ مَغْرَمًا وَيَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمُ الدَّوَائِرَ ۚ عَلَيْهِمْ دَائِرَةُ السَّوْءِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{ومن الأعراب من يتخذ ما ينفق} في سبيل الله {مَغرما} غرامة وخسرانا لأنه لا يرجو ثوابه بل ينفقه خوفا وهم بنو أسد وغطفان {ويتربص} ينتظر {بكم الدوائر} دوائر الزمان أن تنقلب عليكم فيتلخص {عليهم دائرة السُّوء} بالضم والفتح، أي يدور العذاب والهلاك عليهم لا عليكم {والله سميع} لأقوال عباده {عليم} بأفعالهم.
quran:9:99 –

But among the bedouins are some who believe in Allah and the Last Day and consider what they spend as means of nearness to Allah and of ˹obtaining˺ invocations of the Messenger. Unquestionably, it is a means of nearness for them. Allah will admit them to His mercy. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

And of the Bedouins there is he who believes in God and the Last Day, such as ˹men from among the tribes of˺ Juhayna and Muzayna, and takes what he expends, in the way of God, as ˹pious˺ offerings to bring ˹him˺ nearer to God, and, as a means, to ˹secure˺ the prayers, the supplications, of the Messenger, for him. Surely these, the expenditure of such ˹men˺, will bring them nearer (read qurubatun or qurbatun), to Him. God will admit them into His mercy, His Paradise. Truly God is Forgiving, to those who obey Him, Merciful, to them.
القرآن:٩:٩٩ –

وَمِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَيَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنْفِقُ قُرُبَاتٍ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَصَلَوَاتِ الرَّسُولِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّهَا قُرْبَةٌ لَهُمْ ۚ سَيُدْخِلُهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{ومن الأعراب من يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر} كجهينة ومزينة {ويتخذ ما ينفق} في سبيل الله {قربات} تقربه {عند الله و} وسيلة إلى {صلوات} دعوات {الرسول} له {ألا إنها} أي نفقتهم {قُرُبةٌ} بضم الراء وسكونها {لهم} عنده {سيدخلهم الله في رحمته} جنته {إن الله غفور} لأهل طاعته {رحيم} بهم.
quran:9:100 –

And the first forerunners ˹in the faith˺ among the Muhajireen and the Ansar and those who followed them with good conduct - Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him, and He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. That is the great attainment.  

And the first to lead the way, of the Emigrants and the Helpers, namely, those who were present at ˹the battle of˺ Badr, or ˹it means˺ all the Companions, and those who follow them, up to the Day of Resurrection, by being virtuous, in deeds, God will be pleased with them, for their obedience of Him, and they will be pleased with Him, for His reward ˹to them˺; and He has prepared for them Gardens — with rivers flowing beneath them (a variant reading adds min ˹min tahtihā, ‘beneath which’˺) — to abide therein forever: that is the supreme triumph.
القرآن:٩:١٠٠ –

وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُمْ بِإِحْسَانٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي تَحْتَهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ  

{والسابقون الأولون من المهاجرين والأنصار} وهم من شهد بدرا أو جميع الصحابة {والذين اتبعوهم} إلى يوم القيامة {بإحسان} في العمل {رضي الله عنهم} بطاعته {ورضوا عنه} بثوابه {وأعد لهم جنات تجري تحتها الأنهار} وفي قراءة بزيادة من {خالدين فيها أبدا ذلك الفوز العظيم}.