9. Sūrat al-Tawbah (1/3)

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 9
القرآن > كتاب ٩

The Repentance (Medinan)

quran:9:1 –

˹This is a declaration of˺ disassociation, from Allah and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.  

This is: A declaration of immunity from God and His Messenger to, reach, the idolaters with whom you made a pact, a pact for an indefinite period of time, or one for ˹a period of˺ less than, or more than, four months; the annulment of the pact shall be as God mentions in His saying:
القرآن:٩:١ –

بَرَآءَةٌ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتُّم مِّنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ  

هذه {براءة من الله ورسوله} وأصله {إلى الذين عاهدتم من المشركين} عهدا مطلقا أو دون أربعة أشهر أو فوقها ونص العهد بما يذكر في قوله.
quran:9:2 –

So travel freely, ˹O disbelievers˺, throughout the land ˹during˺ four months but know that you cannot cause failure to Allah and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.  

‘Journey freely, travel in security, O idolaters, in the land for four months — beginning with ˹the month of˺ Shawwāl, on the basis of what will come shortly — after which there will be no security for you, and know that you cannot escape God, that is, you shall ˹not˺ elude His punishment, and that God degrades the disbelievers’, humiliating them in this world by having them killed, and in the Hereafter, by ˹sending them to˺ the Fire.
القرآن:٩:٢ –

فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ  

{فسيحوا} سيروا آمنين أيها المشركون {في الأرض أربعة أشهر} أولها شوال بدليل ما سيأتي ولا أمان لكم بعدها {واعلموا أنكم غيرُ معجزي الله} أي فائتي عذابه {وأنَّ الله مخزي الكافرين} مذلُّهم في الدنيا بالقتل والأخرى بالنار.
quran:9:3 –

And ˹it is˺ an announcement from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage that Allah is disassociated from the disbelievers, and ˹so is˺ His Messenger. So if you repent, that is best for you; but if you turn away - then know that you will not cause failure to Allah. And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment.  

A proclamation, a notification, from God and His Messenger to mankind on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage, the Day of Sacrifice (yawm al-nahr), that God is free from obligation to the idolaters, and their pacts, and ˹so is˺ His Messenger, also free from obligation: in that same year, year 9 ˹of the Hijra˺, the Prophet (s) sent forth ‘Alī, who proclaimed these verses on the Day of Sacrifice at Minā, and also ˹he proclaimed˺ that after this year no idolater will ˹be allowed to˺ make pilgrimage or circumambulate the House naked, as reported by al-Bukhārī. So, if you repent, of unbelief, it will be better for you; but if you turn away, from belief, then know that you cannot escape God. And give tidings to — inform — those who disbelieve of a painful chastisement, namely, ˹of˺ slaughter or capture in this world, and of ˹punishment in˺ the Fire in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٩:٣ –

وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ۙ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ فَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ  

(وأذان) إعلام (من الله ورسوله إلى الناس يوم الحج الأكبر) يوم النحر (أن) أي بأن (الله برئ من المشركين) وعهودهم (ورسوله) برئ أيضا "" وقد بعث النبي ﷺ عليا من السنة وهي سنة تسع فأذن يوم النحر بمنى بهذه الآيات وأن لا يحج بعد العام مشرك ولا يطوف بالبيت عريان "" رواه البخاري (فإن تبتم) من الكفر (فهو خير لكم وإن توليتم) عن الإيمان (فاعلموا أنكم غير معجزي الله وبشر) أخبر (الذين كفروا بعذاب أليم) مؤلم وهو القتل والأسر في الدنيا والنار في الآخرة.
quran:9:4 –

Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term ˹has ended˺. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous ˹who fear Him˺.  

Excepting those of the idolaters with whom you have made a pact, and who have not diminished ˹their commitment to˺ you in anyway, with regard to the terms of the pact, nor supported, assisted, anyone, from among the disbelievers, against you; ˹as for these˺ fulfil your pact with them until, the completion of, the term, to which you have agreed. Truly God loves those who fear ˹Him˺, by fulfilling pacts.
القرآن:٩:٤ –

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْقُصُوكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَىٰ مُدَّتِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{إلا الذين عاهدتم من المشركين ثم لم ينقصوكم شيئا} من شروط العهد {ولم يظاهروا} يعاونوا {عليكم أحدا} من الكفار {فأتموا إليهم عهدهم إلى} انقضاء {مدتهم} التي عاهدتم عليها {إن الله يحب المتقين} بإتمام العهود.
quran:9:5 –

And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them ˹go˺ on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

Then, when the sacred months have passed — that is, ˹at˺ the end of the period of deferment — slay the idolaters wherever you find them, be it during a lawful ˹period˺ or a sacred ˹one˺, and take them, captive, and confine them, to castles and forts, until they have no choice except ˹being put to˺ death or ˹acceptance of˺ Islam; and lie in wait for them at every place of ambush, ˹at every˺ route that they use (kulla, ‘every’, is in the accusative because a ˹preceding˺ genitive-taking preposition has been removed). But if they repent, of unbelief, and establish prayer and pay the alms, then leave their way free, and do not interfere with them. God is Forgiving, Merciful, to those who repent.
القرآن:٩:٥ –

فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ ۚ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{فإذا انسلخ} خرج {الأشهر الحرم} وهي آخر مدة التأجيل {فاقتلوا المشركين حيث وجدتموهم} في حل أو حرم {وخذوهم} بالأسر {واحصروهم} في القلاع والحصون حتى يضطروا إلى القتل أو الإسلام {واقعدوا لهم كلَّ مرصد} طريق يسلكونه ونصب كل على نزع الخافض {فإن تابوا} من الكفر {وأقاموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة فخلُّوا سبيلهم} ولا تتعرضوا لهم {إن الله غفور رحيم} لمن تاب.
quran:9:6 –

And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know.  

And if any one of the idolaters (ahadun, ‘one’, is in the nominative because of the ˹following˺ verb ˹istajāraka, ‘seeks your protection’˺ that validates it) seeks your protection, requests security from you against being killed, then grant him protection, provide security for him, so that he might hear the words of God — the Qur’ān — and afterward convey him to his place of security, that is, the dwelling-places of his folk, if he does not believe, so that he might reflect upon his situation — that, which is mentioned, is because they are a people who do not know, the religion of God, and so they must ˹be made to˺ hear the Qur’ān in order to ˹come to˺ know ˹religion˺.
القرآن:٩:٦ –

وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{وإن أحد من المشركين} مرفوع بفعل يفسره {استجارك} استأمنك من القتل {فأجره} أمِّنه {حتى يسمع كلام الله} القرآن {ثم أبلغه مأمنه} وهو دار قومه إن لم يؤمن لينظر في أمره {ذلك} المذكور {بأنهم قوم لا يعلمون} دين الله فلا بد لهم من سماع القرآن ليعلموا.
quran:9:7 –

How can there be for the polytheists a treaty in the sight of Allah and with His Messenger, except for those with whom you made a treaty at al-Masjid al-Haram? So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous ˹who fear Him˺.  

How can the idolaters have a pact with God and His Messenger — they cannot —while they disbelieve in God and His Messenger, acting treacherously; except for those with whom you made a pact at the Sacred Mosque?, the day of al-Hudaybiyya — these were Quraysh, for whom an exception was made earlier ˹Q. 9:4˺. So long as they are true to you, keeping to the pact and not breaking it, be true to them, by fulfilling it (fa-mā, ‘so long as’: the mā is a conditional particle). Truly God loves the God-fearing: the Prophet (s) had kept to the pact made with them until they broke it by supporting the Banū Bakr against Khuzā‘a.
القرآن:٩:٧ –

كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ عَهْدٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ فَمَا اسْتَقَامُوا لَكُمْ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا لَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{كيف} أي لا {يكون للمشركين عهد عند الله وعند رسوله} وهم كافرون بالله ورسوله غادرون {إلا الذين عاهدتم عند المسجد الحرام} يوم الحديبية وهم قريش المستثنون من قبل {فما استقاموا لكم} أقاموا على العهد ولم ينقضوه {فاستقيموا لهم} على الوفاء به وما شرطية {إن الله يحب المتقين} وقد استقام النبي ﷺ على عهدهم حتى نقضوا بإعانة بني بكر على خزاعة.
quran:9:8 –

How ˹can there be a treaty˺ while, if they gain dominance over you, they do not observe concerning you any pact of kinship or covenant of protection? They satisfy you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse ˹compliance˺, and most of them are defiantly disobedient.  

How, can they have a pact, when, if they get the better of you, ˹if˺ they have the upper hand over you, they do not respect, ˹they do not˺ take into consideration, any bond, kinship, or treaty, pact, with regard to you, but will instead harm you as much as they can (the conditional sentence ˹‘if they …’˺ is ˹also˺ a circumstantial qualifier), pleasing you with their tongues, with charming words, while their hearts refuse, to be true to these ˹words˺; and most of them are wicked, violators of pacts.
القرآن:٩:٨ –

كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ يُرْضُونَكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ  

{كيف} يكون لهم عهد {وإن يظهروا عليكم} يظفروا بكم {لا يرقبوا} يراعوا {فيكم إلاّ} قرابة {ولا ذمة} عهدا بل يؤذوكم ما استطاعوا وجملة الشرط حال {يرضونكم بأفواههم} بكلامهم الحسن {وتأبى قلوبهم} الوفاء به {وأكثرهم فاسقون} ناقضون للعهد.
quran:9:9 –

They have exchanged the signs of Allah for a small price and averted ˹people˺ from His way. Indeed, it was evil that they were doing.  

They have purchased with the signs of God, the Qur’ān, a small price, of this world, that is, they have refrained from following them in favour of passions and whims, and have barred ˹people˺ from His way, His religion. Truly evil is that, deed of theirs, which they are wont to do.
القرآن:٩:٩ –

اشْتَرَوْا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ  

{اشترَوا بآيات الله} القرآن {ثمنا قليلا} من الدنيا أي تركوا اتباعها للشهوات والهوى {فصدُّوا عن سبيله} دينه {إنهم ساء} بئس {ما كانوا يعملونـ} ـه عملهم هذا.
quran:9:10 –

They do not observe toward a believer any pact of kinship or covenant of protection. And it is they who are the transgressors.  

They respect neither bond ˹of kinship˺ nor treaty with regard to a believer; those, they are the transgressors.
القرآن:٩:١٠ –

لَا يَرْقُبُونَ فِي مُؤْمِنٍ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُعْتَدُونَ  

{لا يرقُبون في مؤمن إلاّ ولا ذمَّة وأولئك هم المعتدون}.
quran:9:11 –

But if they repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, then they are your brothers in religion; and We detail the verses for a people who know.  

Yet if they repent and establish prayer and pay the alms, then they are your brothers in religion; and We detail, We explain, the signs for a people who know, ˹who˺ reflect.
القرآن:٩:١١ –

فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ ۗ وَنُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ  

{فإن تابوا وأقاموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة فإخوانكم} أي فهم إخوانكم {في الدين ونفصِّل} نبين {الآيات لقوم يعلمون} يتدبرون.
quran:9:12 –

And if they break their oaths after their treaty and defame your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelief, for indeed, there are no oaths ˹sacred˺ to them; ˹fight them that˺ they might cease.  

But if they break, ˹if˺ they violate, their oaths, their covenants, after ˹making˺ their pact and assail your religion, slander it, then fight the leaders of unbelief, its heads (here an overt noun ˹‘the leaders of unbelief’˺ has replaced the ˹third person˺ pronominalisation) — verily they have no ˹binding˺ oaths, ˹no˺ pacts (a variant reading ˹for aymān, ‘oaths’˺ has the kasra inflection ˹for the alif, sc. īmān, ‘˹no˺ faith’˺) — so that they might desist, from unbelief.
القرآن:٩:١٢ –

وَإِنْ نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ۙ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَانَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنْتَهُونَ  

{وإن نكثوا} نقضوا {أيمانهم} مواثيقهم {من بعد عهدهم وطعنوا في دينكم} عابوه {فقاتلوا أئمة الكفر} رؤساءه، فيه وضع الظاهر موضع المضمر {إنهم لا أيمان} عهود {لهم} وفي قراءة بالكسر {لعلهم ينتهون} عن الكفر.
quran:9:13 –

Would you not fight a people who broke their oaths and determined to expel the Messenger, and they had begun ˹the attack upon˺ you the first time? Do you fear them? But Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are ˹truly˺ believers.  

Will you not (a-lā, ‘will not’ or ‘is not’, denotes incitement) fight a people who broke, violated, their oaths, their pacts, and intended to expel the Messenger, from Mecca — for they discussed this between them in their council assembly — initiating, combat, against you first?, when they fought alongside Banū Bakr against Khuzā‘a, your allies? So what is stopping you from fighting them? Are you afraid of them? God is more worthy of your fear, when you fail to fight them, if you are believers.
القرآن:٩:١٣ –

أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُمْ بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{ألا} للتحضيض {تقاتلون قوما نكثوا} نقضوا {أيمانهم} عهودهم {وهمُّوا بإخراج الرسول} من مكة لما تشاوروا فيه بدار الندوة {وهم بدءوكم} بالقتال {أوَّل مرَّة} حيث قاتلوا خزاعة حلفاءكم مع بني بكر فما يمنعكم أن تقاتلوهم {أتخشونهم} أتخافونهم {فاللهُ أحق أن تخشوه} في ترك قتالهم {إن كنتم مؤمنين}.
quran:9:14 –

Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and satisfy the breasts of a believing people  

Fight them, and God will chastise them, He will have them killed, at your hands and degrade them, humiliate them through capture and subjugation, and He will give you victory against them, and He will heal the breasts of a people who believe, ˹removing the harm˺ done to them — these are the Banū Khuzā‘a.
القرآن:٩:١٤ –

قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{قاتلوهم يعذبهم الله} يقتلهم {بأيديكم ويخزهم} يذلهم بالأسر والقهر {وينصركم عليهم ويشف صدور قوم مؤمنين} بما فُعل بهم هم بنو خزاعة.
quran:9:15 –

And remove the fury in the believers' hearts. And Allah turns in forgiveness to whom He wills; and Allah is Knowing and Wise.  

And He will remove the rage, the grief, in their hearts. God turns ˹in forgiveness˺ to whomever He will, when they return to Islam, as in the case of Abū Sufyān. And God is Knowing, Wise.
القرآن:٩:١٥ –

وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{ويذُهب غيظ قلوبهم} كربها {ويتوب الله على من يشاء} بالرجوع إلى الإسلام كأبي سفيان {والله عليم حكيم}.
quran:9:16 –

Do you think that you will be left ˹as you are˺ while Allah has not yet made evident those among you who strive ˹for His cause˺ and do not take other than Allah, His Messenger and the believers as intimates? And Allah is Acquainted with what you do.  

Or (am has the meaning of the ˹initial a-˺ hamza used to express disavowal) did you suppose that you would be left ˹in peace˺ when God does not yet know, that is, through knowledge outwardly manifested, those of you who have struggled, sincerely, and have not taken, besides God and His Messenger and the believers, an intimate friend?, as a confidant or an ally? In other words: when it has not yet become manifest who the sincere ones are — those described in the exclusive way mentioned. And God is aware of what you do.
القرآن:٩:١٦ –

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تُتْرَكُوا وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَا رَسُولِهِ وَلَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِيجَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ  

{أم} بمعنى همزة الإنكار {حسبتم أن تُتركوا ولما} لم {يعلم الله} علم ظهور {الذين جاهدوا منكم} بإخلاص {ولم يتخذوا من دون الله ولا رسوله ولا المؤمنين وليجة} بطانة وأولياء، المعنى ولم يظهر المخلصون وهم الموصوفون بما ذكر من غيرهم {والله خبير بما تعملون}.
quran:9:17 –

It is not for the polytheists to maintain the mosques of Allah ˹while˺ witnessing against themselves with disbelief. ˹For˺ those, their deeds have become worthless, and in the Fire they will abide eternally.  

It is not for the idolaters to attend God’s places of worship (masājid, is also read in the singular, masjid), entering them or sitting in them, bearing witness, against themselves, to unbelief; those, their works have failed, ˹their works˺ are invalid, and in the Fire they shall abide.
القرآن:٩:١٧ –

مَا كَانَ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَعْمُرُوا مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ شَاهِدِينَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِالْكُفْرِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَفِي النَّارِ هُمْ خَالِدُونَ  

{ما كان للمشركين أن يعمُروا مَسْجِدَ الله} بالإفراد والجمع بدخوله والقعود فيه {شاهدين على أنفسهم بالكفر أولئك حبطت} بطلت {أعمالهم} لعدم شرطها {وفي النار هم خالدون}.
quran:9:18 –

The mosques of Allah are only to be maintained by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakah and do not fear except Allah, for it is expected that those will be of the ˹rightly˺ guided.  

Only he shall attend God’s places of worship who believes in God and the Last Day, and observes prayer, and pays the alms, and fears none but God alone; it may be that those will be among the rightly guided.
القرآن:٩:١٨ –

إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۖ فَعَسَىٰ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ  

{إنما يعمُر مساجد الله من آمن بالله واليوم الآخر وأقام الصلاة وآتى الزكاة ولم يخش} أحدا {إلا الله فعسى أولئك أن يكونوا من المهتدين}.
quran:9:19 –

Have you made the providing of water for the pilgrim and the maintenance of al-Masjid al-Haram equal to ˹the deeds of˺ one who believes in Allah and the Last Day and strives in the cause of Allah? They are not equal in the sight of Allah. And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.  

Do you reckon the giving of water to pilgrims and the attendance of the Sacred Mosque, that is, ˹do you reckon˺ those who do such things, to be the same as he who believes in God and the Last Day and struggles in the way of God? They are not equal, in merit, in God’s sight; and God guides not the evildoing, the disbelieving, folk: this was revealed to refute those who claimed this, such as al-‘Abbās and others.
القرآن:٩:١٩ –

أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{أجعلتم سقاية الحاج وعمارة المسجد الحرام} أي أهل ذلك {كمن آمن بالله واليوم الآخر وجاهد في سبيل الله لا يستوون عند الله} في الفضل {والله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين} الكافرين، نزلت ردا على من قال ذلك وهو العباس أو غيره.
quran:9:20 –

The ones who have believed, emigrated and striven in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives are greater in rank in the sight of Allah. And it is those who are the attainers ˹of success˺.  

Those who believe, and have emigrated, and have struggled in the way of God with their possessions and their lives are greater in degree, in rank, with God, than others; and those, they are the triumphant, the ones who will attain good.
القرآن:٩:٢٠ –

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ  

{الذين آمنوا وهاجروا وجاهدوا في سبيل الله بأموالهم وأنفسهم أعظم درجة} رتبة {عند الله} من غيرهم {وأولئك هم الفائزون} الظافرون بالخير.
quran:9:21 –

Their Lord gives them good tidings of mercy from Him and approval and of gardens for them wherein is enduring pleasure.  

Their Lord gives them good tidings of mercy from Him and beatitude; for them shall be gardens wherein is enduring, everlasting, bliss,
القرآن:٩:٢١ –

يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ  

{يبشرهم ربهم برحمة منه ورضوان وجنات لهم فيها نعيم مقيم} دائم.
quran:9:22 –

˹They will be˺ abiding therein forever. Indeed, Allah has with Him a great reward.  

therein they shall abide forever (khālidīna is an implied circumstance). Surely with God is a tremendous reward.
القرآن:٩:٢٢ –

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ  

{خالدين} حال مقدرة {فيها أبدا إن الله عنده أجر عظيم}.
quran:9:23 –

O you who have believed, do not take your fathers or your brothers as allies if they have preferred disbelief over belief. And whoever does so among you - then it is those who are the wrongdoers.  

The following was revealed regarding those who refrained from emigrating because of their families and trade: O you who believe, do not take your fathers and brothers for your friends, if they prefer, if they have chosen, disbelief over belief; whoever of you takes them for friends, such are the evildoers.
القرآن:٩:٢٣ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ  

ونزل فيمن ترك الهجرة لأجل أهله وتجارته: {يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتخذوا آباءكم وإخوانكم أولياء إن استحبوا} اختاروا {الكفر على الإيمان ومن يتولهم منكم فأولئك هم الظالمون}.
quran:9:24 –

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your relatives, wealth which you have obtained, commerce wherein you fear decline, and dwellings with which you are pleased are more beloved to you than Allah and His Messenger and jihad in His cause, then wait until Allah executes His command. And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people."  

Say: ‘If your fathers, and your sons, and your brothers, and your wives, and your clan, your kinsmen (‘ashīratukum: a variant reading has ‘ashīrātukum), and the possessions which you have acquired, and merchandise for which you fear there may be no sale, no longer viable, and dwellings which you love, are dearer to you than God and His Messenger and struggling in His way, so that you have refrained from emigrating and struggling for the sake of such ˹things˺, then wait until God brings about His command — this is meant as a threat to them. And God does not guide the wicked folk’.
القرآن:٩:٢٤ –

قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَارَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَاكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُوا حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

{قل إن كان آباؤكم وأبناؤكم وإخوانكم وأزواجكم وعشيرتكم} أقرباؤكم وفي قراءة عشيرتكم {وأموال اقترفتموها} اكتسبتموها {وتجارة تخشون كسادها} عدم نفادها {ومساكن ترضونها أحبَّ إليكم من الله ورسوله وجهادِ في سبيله} فقعدتم لأجله عن الهجرة والجهاد {فتربَّصوا} انتظروا {حتى يأتي الله بأمره} تهديد لهم {والله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين}.
quran:9:25 –

Allah has already given you victory in many regions and ˹even˺ on the day of Hunayn, when your great number pleased you, but it did not avail you at all, and the earth was confining for you with its vastness; then you turned back, fleeing.  

God has already helped you on many fields, of battle, such as Badr, and ˹against˺ Qurayza and al-Nadīr, and, remember, on the day of Hunayn — a valley between Mecca and Tā’if; that is, ˹remember˺ the day on which you fought Hawāzin — this was in Shawwāl in year 8 ˹of the Hijra˺, when (idh substitutes for yawma, ‘the day’) your vast numbers were pleasing to you, such that you were saying, ‘We shall not be defeated today, not on account of our being few’: and they numbered 12,000, while the disbelievers were 4,000); but it availed you nothing and the earth, for all its breadth (bi-mā rahubat, the mā refers to the verbal noun, in other words ˹understand it as being˺ ma‘a rahbihā, ‘despite its breadth’), it was straitened for you, such that you could not find a place in which you felt secure, because of the severe fear that afflicted you; then you turned back, retreating, fleeing: the Prophet (s), however, on his white mule remained firm, with only al‘Abbās by his side, while Abū Sufyān was charging on his mount.
القرآن:٩:٢٥ –

لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ ۙ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ ۙ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ  

{لقد نصركم الله في مواطن} للحرب {كثيرة} كبدر وقريظة والنضير {و} اذكر {يوم حنين} واد بين مكة والطائف أي يوم قتالكم فيه هوازن وذلك في شوّال سنة ثمان {إذ} بدل من يوم {أعجبتكم كثرتكم} فقلتم لن نُغلب اليوم من قلة وكانوا اثني عشر ألفا والكفار أربعة آلاف {فلم تغن عنكم شيئا وضاقت عليكم الأرض بما رحبت} ما مصدرية أي مع رحبها أي سعتها فلم تجدوا مكانا تطمئنون إليه لشدة ما لحقكم من الخوف {ثم وليتم مدبرين} منهزمين وثبت النبي ﷺ على بغلته البيضاء وليس معه غير العباس وأبو سفيان آخذ بركابه.
quran:9:26 –

Then Allah sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers and sent down soldiers angels whom you did not see and punished those who disbelieved. And that is the recompense of the disbelievers.  

Then God sent down His Spirit of Peace, His reassurance, upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and so they turned back towards the Prophet (s), after al-‘Abbās called them, with his ˹the Prophet’s˺ permission, and they fought ˹once again˺; and He sent down legions, of angels, you did not see, and chastised the disbelievers, with slaughter and capture, and that is the requital of the disbelievers.
القرآن:٩:٢٦ –

ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{ثم أنزل الله سكينته} طمأنينته {على رسوله وعلى المؤمنين} فردوا إلى النبي ﷺ لما ناداهم العباس بإذنه وقاتلوا {وأنزل جنودا لم تروها} ملائكة {وعذَّب الذين كفروا} بالقتل والأسر {وذلك جزاء الكافرين}.
quran:9:27 –

Then Allah will accept repentance after that for whom He wills; and Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

Then afterwards God will relent to whom He will, from among them, by ˹their acceptance of˺ Islam. And God is Forgiving, Merciful.
القرآن:٩:٢٧ –

ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{ثم يتوب الله من بعد ذلك على من يشاء} منهم بالإسلام {والله غفور رحيم}.
quran:9:28 –

O you who have believed, indeed the polytheists are unclean, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram after this, their ˹final˺ year. And if you fear privation, Allah will enrich you from His bounty if He wills. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Wise.  

O you who believe, the idolaters are indeed unclean, ˹they are˺ filth, on account of their inner vileness, so do not let them come near the Sacred Mosque, that is, let them not enter the Sanctuary, after this year of theirs, year 9 of the Hijra. If you fear impoverishment, poverty, as a result of the cessation of their commerce with you, God will surely enrich you from His bounty, if He will: and He indeed enriched them through conquests and ˹the imposition of˺ the jizya. God is Knowing, Wise.
القرآن:٩:٢٨ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَٰذَا ۚ وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إنما المشركون نجس} قذر لخبث باطنهم {فلا يقربوا المسجد الحرام} أي لا يدخلوا الحرم {بعد عامهم هذا} عام تسع من الهجرة {وإن خفتم عَيْلةٌ} فقرا بانقطاع تجارتهم عنكم {فسوف يغنيكم الله من فضله إن شاء} وقد أغناهم بالفتوح والجزية {إن الله عليم حكيم}.
quran:9:29 –

Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - ˹fight˺ until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.  

Fight those who do not believe in God, nor in the Last Day, for, otherwise, they would have believed in the Prophet (s), and who do not forbid what God and His Messenger have forbidden, such as wine, nor do they practise the religion of truth, the firm one, the one that abrogated other religions, namely, the religion of Islam — from among of those who (min, ‘from’, explains ˹the previous˺ alladhīna, ‘those who’) have been given the Scripture, namely, the Jews and the Christians, until they pay the jizya tribute, the annual tax imposed them, readily (‘an yadin is a circumstantial qualifier, meaning, ‘compliantly’, or ‘by their own hands’, not delegating it ˹to others to pay˺), being subdued, ˹being made˺ submissive and compliant to the authority of Islam.
القرآن:٩:٢٩ –

قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ  

{قاتلوا الذين لا يؤمنون بالله ولا باليوم الآخر} وإلا لآمنوا بالنبي ﷺ {ولا يحرِّمون ما حرَّم الله ورسوله} كالخمر {ولا يدينون دين الحق} الثابت الناسخ لغيره من الأديان وهو دين الإسلام
quran:9:30 –

The Jews say, "Ezra is the son of Allah "; and the Christians say, "The Messiah is the son of Allah." That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved ˹before them˺. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?  

The Jews say: Ezra is the son of God; and the Christians say: The Messiah, Jesus, is the son of God. That is the utterance of their mouths, for which they have no support, nay, imitating the utterances of those who disbelieved before ˹them˺, from among their forefathers, mimicking them. God assail, curse, them! How they are deviated!, turned away from the truth, despite the proofs having been established.
القرآن:٩:٣٠ –

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۖ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ  

{وقالت اليهود عُزَيْرٌ ابن الله وقالت النصارى المسيح} عيسى {ابن الله ذلك قولهم بأفواههم} لا مستند لهم عليه بل {يضاهئون} يشابهون به {قول الذين كفروا من قبل} من آبائهم تقليدا لهم {قاتلهم} لعنهم {الله أنَّى} كيف {يُؤفكون} يُصرفون عن الحق مع قيام الدليل.
quran:9:31 –

They have taken their scholars and monks as lords besides Allah, and ˹also˺ the Messiah, the son of Mary. And they were not commanded except to worship one God; there is no deity except Him. Exalted is He above whatever they associate with Him.  

They have taken their rabbis, the scholars among the Jews, and their monks, the devout among the Christians, as lords beside God — following them in making lawful what God has made unlawful and making unlawful what He has made lawful — and the Messiah, son of Mary, when they were not commanded, in the Torah and the Gospel, except to worship One God: there is no god except Him; glory be to Him, as an affirmation of His transcendence ˹high˺, above what they associate ˹with Him˺.
القرآن:٩:٣١ –

اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا إِلَٰهًا وَاحِدًا ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ  

{اتَّخذوا أحبارهم} علماء اليهود {ورهبانهم} عبَّاد النصارى {أربابا من دون الله} حيث اتبعوهم في تحليل ما حرم الله وتحريم ما أحل {والمسيح بن مريم وما أمروا} في التوراة والإنجيل {إلا ليعبدوا} أي بأن يعبدوا {إلها واحدا لا إله إلا هو سبحانه} تنزيها له {عما يشركون}.
quran:9:32 –

They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses except to perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it.  

They desire to extinguish God’s light, His Law and His proofs, with their tongues, with what they say about Him; and God refuses but to perfect, to make manifest, His light, even though the disbelievers be averse, to this.
القرآن:٩:٣٢ –

يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ  

{يريدون أن يطفئوا نور الله} شرعه وبراهينه {بأفواههم} بأقوالهم فيه {ويأبى الله إلا أن يتم} يظهر {نوره ولو كره الكافرون} ذلك.
quran:9:33 –

It is He who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion, although they who associate others with Allah dislike it.  

He it is Who has sent His Messenger, Muhammad (s), with the guidance and the religion of truth, that He may manifest it, make it prevail, over every religion, all the religions which oppose it, even though the disbelievers be averse, to this.
القرآن:٩:٣٣ –

هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ  

{هو الذي أرسل رسوله} محمدا ﷺ {بالهدى ودين الحق ليُظهره} يعليه {على الدين كله} جميع الأديان المخالفة له {ولو كره المشركون} ذلك.
quran:9:34 –

O you who have believed, indeed many of the scholars and the monks devour the wealth of people unjustly and avert ˹them˺ from the way of Allah. And those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah - give them tidings of a painful punishment.  

O you who believe, many of the rabbis and monks indeed consume, take, people’s goods by false means, as in the case of bribes ˹paid˺ for judgements, and bar, people, from the way of God, ˹from˺ His religion. And those who (wa’lladhīna is the subject) hoard up gold and silver, and do not expend them, these treasurehoards, in the way of God, that is, they do not pay from it what is due to Him by way of alms and charity — give them tidings, inform them, of a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٩:٣٤ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ وَالرُّهْبَانِ لَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن كثيرا من الأحبار والرهبان ليأكلون} يأخذون {أموال الناس بالباطل} كالرشا في الحكم {ويصدون} الناس {عن سبيل الله} دينه {والذين} مبتدأ {يكنزون الذهب والفضة ولا ينفقونها} أي الكنوز {في سبيل الله} أي لا يأدون منها حقه من الزكاة والخير {فبشرهم} أخبرهم {بعذاب أليم} مؤلم.
quran:9:35 –

The Day when it will be heated in the fire of Hell and seared therewith will be their foreheads, their flanks, and their backs, ˹it will be said˺, "This is what you hoarded for yourselves, so taste what you used to hoard."  

On the day when it shall be heated in the fire of Hell and therewith their foreheads and their sides and their backs shall be branded, burnt — their skins will be stretched until these ˹hoards of gold and silver˺ can be placed on them entirely, and it will be said to them: ‘This is what you hoarded up for yourselves: so taste now what you used to hoard!’, that is, ˹taste˺ its requital.
القرآن:٩:٣٥ –

يَوْمَ يُحْمَىٰ عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَىٰ بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ ۖ هَٰذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ  

{يوم يحمى عليها في نار جهنم فتكوى} تحرق {بها جباههم وجنوبهم وظهورهم} وتوسع جلودهم حتى توضع عليها كلها ويقال لهم {هذا ما كنزتم لأنفسكم فذوقوا ما كنتم تكنزون} أي جزاءه.
quran:9:36 –

Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve ˹lunar˺ months in the register of Allah ˹from˺ the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous ˹who fear Him˺.  

Verily the number of months, used to reckon the year, with God is twelve months in the Book of God, the Preserved Tablet (al-lawh al-mahfūz), from the day that He created the heavens and the earth; four of them, that is, the months, are sacred, inviolable: Dhū’l-Qa‘da, Dhū’l-Hijja, Muharram and Rajab. That, making of them sacred, is the right, the upright, religion. So do not wrong yourselves during them, during these sacred months, with acts of disobedience, for their burden ˹of sin˺ is greater therein; but it is also said to mean ˹do not wrong yourselves˺ at any time during all the months ˹of the year˺. And fight the idolaters altogether, all of them, throughout the months, even as they fight you altogether; and know that God is with those who fear Him, supporting and assisting ˹them˺.
القرآن:٩:٣٦ –

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{إن عدة الشهور} المعتد بها للسنة {عند الله اثنا عشر شهرا في كتاب الله} اللوح المحفوظ {يوم خلق السماوات والأرض منها} أي الشهور {أربعة حرم} محرَّمة ذو القعدة وذو الحجة والمحرم ورجب {ذلك} أي تحريمها {الدين القيم} المستقيم {فلا تظلموا فيهن} أي الأشهر الحرم {أنفسكم} بالمعاصي فإنها فيها أعظم وزرا وقيل في الأشهر كلها {وقاتلوا المشركين كافة} جميعا في كل الشهور {كما يقاتلونكم كافة واعلموا أن الله مع المتقين} بالعون والنصر.
quran:9:37 –

Indeed, the postponing ˹of restriction within sacred months˺ is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led ˹further˺ astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to correspond to the number made unlawful by Allah and ˹thus˺ make lawful what Allah has made unlawful. Made pleasing to them is the evil of their deeds; and Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.  

Postponement ˹of the sacred month˺ — that is, the deferment of the sacredness of a given month to another, as they used to do during paganism, such as postponing the sacredness of Muharram, if it arrives while they are at war, to Safar — is only an excess of unbelief, because of their rejection of God’s ruling thereof, whereby those who disbelieve are led astray (yudallu may also be read yadillu, ‘˹they˺ go astray’), one year they make it, the month postponed, profane, and hallow it another, that they may make up, by profaning one month and hallowing another in its place, the number, of months, which God has hallowed, such that they do not hallow more, or less, than the four months, but without observing the individual months themselves; and so they profane what God has hallowed. Their evil deeds have been adorned for them, such that they deem them to be good ˹deeds˺; and God does not guide the disbelieving folk.
القرآن:٩:٣٧ –

إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ۚ زُيِّنَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ أَعْمَالِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{إنما النسيء} أي التأخير لحرمة شهر إلى آخر كما كانت الجاهلية تفعله من تأخير حرمة المحرم إذا هلَّ وهم في القتال إلى صفر {زيادة في الكفر} لكفرهم بحكم الله فيه {يُضَلٌ} بضم الياء وفتحها {به الذين كفروا يحلونه} أي النسيء {عاما ويحرمونه عاما ليواطئوا} يوافقوا بتحليل شهر وتحريم آخر بدله {عدة} عدد {ما حرم الله} من الأشهر فلا يزيدوا على تحريم أربعة ولا ينقصوا ولا ينظروا إلى أعيانها {فيحلوا ما حرم الله زُيِّن لهم سوء أعمالهم} فظنوه حسنا {والله لا يهدي القوم الكافرين}.
quran:9:38 –

O you who have believed, what is ˹the matter˺ with you that, when you are told to go forth in the cause of Allah, you adhere heavily to the earth? Are you satisfied with the life of this world rather than the Hereafter? But what is the enjoyment of worldly life compared to the Hereafter except a ˹very˺ little.  

When the Prophet (s) summoned men for the Tabūk campaign, and they thought it too burdensome, because of the hardship and the extreme heat from which they were suffering, the following was revealed: O you who believe, what is wrong with you that, when it is said to you, ‘Go forth in the way of God,’ you sink down heavily (iththāqaltum: the original tā’ ˹of tathāqaltum˺ has been assimilated with the thā’, and the conjunctive hamza has been supplied), in other words, you hesitate and are disinclined to ˹participate in˺ the struggle, to the ground, to stay sitting upon it? (the interrogative is meant as a rebuke). Are you so content with the life of this world, and its delights, rather than with the Hereafter?, that is, in place of its bliss? Yet the enjoyment of the life of this world is, in, comparison with the enjoyment of, the Hereafter but little, trivial.
القرآن:٩:٣٨ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انْفِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ۚ أَرَضِيتُمْ بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ ۚ فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ  

ونزل لما دعا النبي ﷺ الناس إلى غزوة تبوك وكانوا في عسرة وشدة حر فشق عليهم {يا أيها الذين آمنوا مالكم إذا قيل لكم انفروا في سبيل الله اثاقلتم} بإدغام التاء في الأصل في المثلثة واجتلاب همزة الوصل أي تباطأتم وملتم عن الجهاد {إلى الأرض} والقعود فيها والاستفهام للتوبيخ {أرضيتم بالحياة الدنيا} ولذاتها {من الآخرة} أي بدل نعيمها {فما متاع الحياة الدنيا في} جنب متاع {الآخرة إلا قليل} حقير.
quran:9:39 –

If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will not harm Him at all. And Allah is over all things competent.  

If (illā: lā has been assimilated with the nūn of the conditional particle in, in both instances ˹here and in the next verse˺) you do not go forth, ˹if you do not˺ set out with the Prophet (s) for the struggle, He will chastise you with a painful chastisement, and He will substitute ˹you with˺ another folk other than you, that is, He will bring them in your place, and you will not hurt Him, that is, God, or ˹‘him’ as being˺ the Prophet (s), at all, should you neglect to help him ˹to victory˺, for God ˹Himself˺ will indeed bring victory to His religion; for God has power over all things, including bringing victory to His religion and His Prophet.
القرآن:٩:٣٩ –

إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{إلاّ} بإدغام لا في نون إن الشرطية في الموضعين {تنفروا} تخرجوا مع النبي ﷺ للجهاد {يعذبكم عذابا أليما} مؤلماً {ويستبدل قوما غيركم} أي يأت بهم بدلكم {ولا تضروه} أي الله أو النبيَّ ﷺ {شيئا} بترك نصره فإن الله ناصر دينه {والله على كل شيء قدير} ومنه نصر دينه ونبيه.
quran:9:40 –

If you do not aid the Prophet - Allah has already aided him when those who disbelieved had driven him out ˹of Makkah˺ as one of two, when they were in the cave and he said to his companion, "Do not grieve; indeed Allah is with us." And Allah sent down his tranquillity upon him and supported him with angels you did not see and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while the word of Allah - that is the highest. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  

If you do not help him, that is, the Prophet (s), ˹know that˺ God has already helped him, when the disbelievers drove him forth, from Mecca, that is, they made him resort to leaving, when they desired to kill him or imprison him or banish him at the council assembly — the second of two (thāniya ithnayn: this is a circumstantial qualifier), that is, one of two, the other being Abū Bakr: in other words, just as God helped him in such a situation, He will not forsake him in another; when (idh substitutes for the previous idh) the two were in the cave — a breach in the mountain called Thawr — when (idh substituting again), he said to his companion, Abū Bakr — who, upon perceiving the ˹sound of the˺ feet of the idolaters ˹nearby˺, had said to him, ‘If one of them should merely look below his feet, he will definitely see us!’ — ‘Do not despair; verily God is with us’, assisting ˹us˺. Then God sent down His Spirit of Peace upon him, His reassurance — some say this means upon the Prophet, others, that it means upon Abū Bakr — and supported him, that is, the Prophet (s), with legions, of angels, you did not see, ˹both˺ in the cave and in the locations in which he fought battles; and He made the word of those who disbelieved, that is, the call to idolatry, the nethermost, the one vanquished, and the Word of God, that is, the profession of His Oneness (shahāda), was the uppermost, the one prevailing and triumphant. And God is Mighty, in His Kingdom, Wise, in His actions.
القرآن:٩:٤٠ –

إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَىٰ ۗ وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{إلاّ تنصروه} أي النبيَّ ﷺ {فقد نصره الله إذ} حين {أخرجه الذين كفروا} من مكة أي الجؤوه إلى الخروج لما أرادوا قتله أو حبسه أو نفيه بدار الندوة {ثاني اثنين} حال أي أحد اثنين والآخر أبو بكر - المعنى نصره الله في مثل تلك الحالة فلا يخذله في غيرها - {إذ} بدل من إذ قبله {هما في الغار} نقب في جبل ثور {إذ} بدل ثان {يقول لصاحبه} أبي بكر وقد قال له لما رأى أقدام المشركين لو نظر أحدهم تحت قدميه لأبصرنا {لا تحزن إن الله معنا} بنصره {فأنزل الله سكينته} طمأنينته {عليه} قيل على النبي * وقيل على أبي بكر {وأيَّده} أي النبي ﷺ {بجنود لم تروها} ملائكة في الغار ومواطن قتاله {وجعل كلمة الذين كفروا} أي دعوة الشرك {السفلى} المغلوبة {وكلمة الله} أي كلمة الشهادة {هي العليا} الظاهرة الغالبة {والله عزيز} في ملكه {حكيم} في صنعه.
quran:9:41 –

Go forth, whether light or heavy, and strive with your wealth and your lives in the cause of Allah. That is better for you, if you only knew.  

Go forth, light and heavy!, that is, energetically or not; it is also said ˹to mean˺, ˹go forth˺ strong or weak, or rich or poor — but this was abrogated by the verse, The weak would not be at fault … ˹Q. 9:91˺. Struggle in the way of God with your possessions and your lives: that is better for you, if only you knew, that it is better for you; so do not sink down heavily.
القرآن:٩:٤١ –

انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا وَجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ  

{انفِروا خفافا وثقالا} نشاطا وغير نشاط، وقيل أقوياء وضعفاء، أو أغنياء وفقراء، وهي منسوخة بآية (ليس على الضعفاء) {وجاهدوا بأموالكم وأنفسكم في سبيل الله ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون} أنه خير لكم فلا تثاقلوا.
quran:9:42 –

Had it been an easy gain and a moderate trip, the hypocrites would have followed you, but distant to them was the journey. And they will swear by Allah, "If we were able, we would have gone forth with you," destroying themselves ˹through false oaths˺, and Allah knows that indeed they are liars.  

The following was revealed regarding the hypocrites who stayed behind ˹away from the campaign˺: Had it — that to which you summon them — been a near, easily acquired, gain, a transient pleasure of this world, and an easy journey, of moderate ˹length˺, they would have followed you, seeking spoils; but the distance, the hardship, was too great for them, and so they stayed behind. Still they will swear by God, when you return to them: ˹saying˺: ‘Had we been able, to go forth, we would have gone forth with you,’ destroying their souls, by swearing false oaths, and God knows that they truly are liars, in this saying of theirs.
القرآن:٩:٤٢ –

لَوْ كَانَ عَرَضًا قَرِيبًا وَسَفَرًا قَاصِدًا لَاتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَٰكِنْ بَعُدَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّقَّةُ ۚ وَسَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَوِ اسْتَطَعْنَا لَخَرَجْنَا مَعَكُمْ يُهْلِكُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ  

ونزل في المنافقين الذين تخلفوا {لو كان} ما دعوتهم إليه {عرضا} متاعا من الدنيا {قريبا} سهل المأخذ {وسفرا قاصدا} وسطا {لاتَّبعوك} طلبا للغنيمة {ولكن بعدت عليهم الشُّقَّةُ} المسافة فتخلفوا {وسيحلفون بالله} إذا رجعتم إليهم {لو استطعنا} الخروج {لخرجنا معكم يهلكون أنفسهم} بالحلف الكاذب {والله يعلم إنهم لكاذبون} في قولهم ذلك.
quran:9:43 –

May Allah pardon you, ˹O Muhammad˺; why did you give them permission ˹to remain behind˺? ˹You should not have˺ until it was evident to you who were truthful and you knew ˹who were˺ the liars.  

The Prophet (s), exercising his personal judgement, had given leave to a group to stay behind, and so the following was revealed as a reprimand for him, but with the pardon first, in order to reassure his heart: May God pardon you! Why do you give them leave, to stay behind; why did you not leave them, until it was clear to you which of them spoke the truth, in their excuse, and you knew those who were lying, in it?
القرآن:٩:٤٣ –

عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ  

وكان ﷺ أذن لجماعة في التخلف باجتهاد منه، فنزل عتابا له وقدم العفو تطمينا لقلبه {عفا الله عنك لِمَ أذنت لهم} في التخلف وهلا تركتهم {حتى يتبين لك الذين صدقوا} في العذر {وتعلم الكاذبين} فيه.
quran:9:44 –

Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day would not ask permission of you to be excused from striving with their wealth and their lives. And Allah is Knowing of those who fear Him.  

Those who believe in God and the Last Day do not ask leave of you, to stay behind, that they may struggle with their possessions and their lives; and God knows the pious.
القرآن:٩:٤٤ –

لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ  

{لا يستأذنك الذين يؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر} في التخُّلف عن {أن يجاهدوا بأموالهم وأنفسهم والله عليم بالمتقين}.
quran:9:45 –

Only those would ask permission of you who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day and whose hearts have doubted, and they, in their doubt, are hesitating.  

They alone ask leave of you, to stay behind, who do not believe in God and the Last Day, and whose hearts are doubtful, uncertain, about religion, so in their doubt they waver, they are confused.
القرآن:٩:٤٥ –

إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ  

{إنما يستأذنك} في التخلُّف {الذين لا يؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر وارتابت} شكت {قلوبهم} في الدين {فهم في ريبهم يترددون} يتحيرون.
quran:9:46 –

And if they had intended to go forth, they would have prepared for it ˹some˺ preparation. But Allah disliked their being sent, so He kept them back, and they were told, "Remain ˹behind˺ with those who remain."  

If they had desired to go forth, with you, they would have made some preparation for it, some equipment, such as tools and provisions, but God was averse that they should be sent forth, that is, He did not want them to go forth, so He slowed them down, He made them ˹feel˺ lethargic, and it was said, to them: ‘Stay back with those who stay back!’, ˹with˺ the sick, the women and the children: in other words, God decreed this.
القرآن:٩:٤٦ –

وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا الْخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ عُدَّةً وَلَٰكِنْ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ فَثَبَّطَهُمْ وَقِيلَ اقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ  

{ولو أرادوا الخروج} معك {لأعدوا له عدة} أهبة من الآلة والزاد {ولكن كره الله انبعاثهم} أي لم يرد خروجهم {فثبطهم} كسَّلهم {وقيل} لهم {اقعدوا مع القاعدين} المرضى والنساء والصبيان، أي قدر الله تعالى ذلك.
quran:9:47 –

Had they gone forth with you, they would not have increased you except in confusion, and they would have been active among you, seeking ˹to cause˺ you fitnah. And among you are avid listeners to them. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers.  

Had they gone forth among you, they would only have caused you more trouble, ˹more˺ corruption, by abandoning the believers, and would have hurried to and fro among you, that is, they would have hastened to spread slander among you, seeking, desiring, to stir up sedition, by casting enmity, between you; and among you there are some who would listen to them, to what they say, listening in readiness to accept it; and God knows the evildoers.
القرآن:٩:٤٧ –

لَوْ خَرَجُوا فِيكُمْ مَا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا وَلَأَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ  

{لو خرجوا فيكم ما زادوكم إلا خبالا} فسادا بتخذيل المؤمنين {ولأوضعوا خلالكم} أي أسرعوا بينكم بالمشي بالنميمة {يبغونكم} يطلبون لكم {الفتنة} بإلقاء العداوة {وفيكم سماعون لهم} ما يقولون سماع قبول {والله عليم بالظالمين}.
quran:9:48 –

They had already desired dissension before and had upset matters for you until the truth came and the ordinance of Allah appeared, while they were averse.  

Indeed, they sought to stir up sedition, against you, already before, when you first came to Medina, and scrutinised your affairs, that is, they thought long and hard how to plot against you and invalidate your religion, until the truth, the ˹victorious˺ help, came, and God’s command, His religion, prevailed, stood mighty, they still being averse, to it ˹His religion˺, entering it superficially.
القرآن:٩:٤٨ –

لَقَدِ ابْتَغَوُا الْفِتْنَةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَقَلَّبُوا لَكَ الْأُمُورَ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ  

{لقد ابتغوا} لك {الفتنة من قبل} أول ما قدمت المدينة {وقلَّبوا لك الأمور} أي أحالوا الفكر في كيدك وإبطال دينك {حتى جاء الحق} النصر {وظهر} عَزَّ {أمر الله} دينه {وهم كارهون} له فدخلوا فيه ظاهرا.
quran:9:49 –

And among them is he who says, "Permit me ˹to remain at home˺ and do not put me to trial." Unquestionably, into trial they have fallen. And indeed, Hell will encompass the disbelievers.  

And there are some of them who say, ‘Grant me leave, to stay behind, and do not lead me into temptation’: this was al-Jadd b. Qays, to whom the Prophet (s) said, ‘Will you do battle against the Byzantines?’, and to which he replied, ‘I am infatuated with women, and I fear that if I were to see these Byzantine women, I shall not be able to stay away from them and be led into temptation’. God, exalted be He, says: Surely they have ˹already˺ fallen into temptation!, by staying behind (a variant reading ˹for saqatū, ‘they have fallen’˺ has ˹the singular form˺ saqat, ‘he has fallen’). And surely Hell shall encompass the disbelievers, for whom there shall be no escape therefrom.
القرآن:٩:٤٩ –

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ  

{ومنهم من يقول ائذن لي} في التخلف {ولا تفتنِّي} وهو الجد بن قيس قال له النبي ﷺ هل لك في جلاد بني الأصفر؟ فقال: إني مغرّم بالنساء وأخشى إن رأيت ُ نساء بني الأصفر ألا أصبر عنهن فأُفتتن، قال تعالى: {ألا في الفتنة سقطوا} بالتخلُّف، وقرئ سقط {وإن جهنم لمحيطة بالكافرين} لا محيص لهم عنها.
quran:9:50 –

If good befalls you, it distresses them; but if disaster strikes you, they say, "We took our matter ˹in hand˺ before," and turn away while they are rejoicing.  

If good fortune, such as a victory or ˹a taking of˺ some spoils, befalls you, it vexes them; but if an affliction, some hardship, befalls you, they say, ‘We took our precaution, judiciously — when we stayed behind — before’, before this act of disobedience; and they turn away, rejoicing, at what has afflicted you.
القرآن:٩:٥٠ –

إِنْ تُصِبْكَ حَسَنَةٌ تَسُؤْهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْكَ مُصِيبَةٌ يَقُولُوا قَدْ أَخَذْنَا أَمْرَنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ  

{إن تصبك حسنة} كنصر وغنيمة {تسؤهم وإن تصبك مصيبة} شدة {يقولوا قد أخذنا أمرنا} بالحزم حين تخلفنا {من قبل} قبل هذه المعصية {ويتولَّوا وهم فرحون} بما أصابك.