8. Sūrat al-Anfāl (1/2)

٨۔ سُورَةُ الأنفَال ص ١

The Spoils of War (Medinan)

quran:8:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

They ask you, ˹O Muhammad˺, about the bounties ˹of war˺. Say, "The ˹decision concerning˺ bounties is for Allah and the Messenger." So fear Allah and amend that which is between you and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you should be believers.  

‘They question you, O Muhammad (s), concerning the spoils of war — the booty — to whom do they belong? Say, to them: ‘The spoils of war belong to God, Who places them where He will, and the Messenger, who divides them according to God’s command. The Prophet (s) divided these ˹spoils˺ between them equally, as reported by al-Hākim in his al-Mustadrak. So fear God and set things right between you, that is, ˹set right˺ the reality of that ˹state of affairs˺ which is between you, through mutual affection and the refraining from quarrelling; and obey God and His Messenger, if you are, truly, believers’.
القرآن:٨:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ ۖ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ ۖ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{يسألونك} يا محمد {عن الأنفال} الغنائم لمن هي {قل} لهم {الأنفال لله} يجعلها حيث يشاء {والرسول} يقسِّمها بأمر الله فقسَّمها ﷺ بينهم على السواء، رواه الحاكم في المستدرك {فاتقوا الله وأصلحوا ذات بينكم} أي حقيقة ما بينكم بالمودة وترك النزاع {وأطيعوا الله ورسوله إن كنتم مؤمنين} حقا.
quran:8:2

The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts become fearful, and when His verses are recited to them, it increases them in faith; and upon their Lord they rely -  

The believers, those whose faith is complete, are only those who, when God is mentioned, that is, when His threat of punishment ˹is mentioned˺, their hearts tremble, fear, and when His verses are recited to them, they increase their faith, their acceptance of the truth, and who rely upon their Lord, ˹who˺ put their trust in Him ˹alone˺, and not in any other.
القرآن:٨:٢

إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ  

{إنما المؤمنون} الكاملون الإيمان {الذين إذا ذكر الله} أي وعيده {وجلت} خافت {قلوبهم وإذا تليت عليهم آياته زادتهم إيمانا} تصديقا {وعلى ربهم يتوكلون} به يثقون لا بغيره.
quran:8:3

The ones who establish prayer, and from what We have provided them, they spend.  

Those who observe the prayers, performing them as they ought to be ˹performed˺, and who expend, in obedience to God, from that with which We have provided them.
القرآن:٨:٣

الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ  

{الذين يقيمون الصلاة} يأتون بها بحقوقها {ومما رزقناهم} أعطيناهم {ينفقون} في طاعة الله.
quran:8:4

Those are the believers, truly. For them are degrees ˹of high position˺ with their Lord and forgiveness and noble provision.  

Those, described in the way mentioned, are the true, the real, believers, without doubt. For them are ranks, stations in Paradise, with their Lord, and forgiveness, and generous provision, in Paradise.
القرآن:٨:٤

أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا ۚ لَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ  

{أولئك} الموصوفون بما ذكر {هم المؤمنون حقا} صدقا بلا شك {لهم درجاتٌ} منازل في الجنة {عند ربهم ومغفرة ورزق كريم} في الجنة.
quran:8:5

˹It is˺ just as when your Lord brought you out of your home ˹for the battle of Badr˺ in truth, while indeed, a party among the believers were unwilling,  

As your Lord brought you forth from your home with the truth (bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to akhraja, ‘He brought forth’), and indeed a party of the believers were averse, to going forth (the ˹last˺ sentence is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the ˹suffixed pronoun˺ kāf in akhrajaka, ‘He brought you forth’; kamā, ‘as’, is the predicate of an omitted subject, in other words: their aversion to this state ˹of affairs of the booty being God’s and the Prophet’s˺ is similar to their aversion when you were brought forth ˹to fight˺, which had actually been better for them: likewise is this ˹state of affairs better for them˺). It happened that Abū Sufyān was returning from Syria with a caravan. The Prophet (s) and his followers went forth to plunder it; but Quraysh became aware of this, and so Abū Jahl and some Meccan fighters rode out to defend it — these constituted the ‘band’. Abū Sufyān drove the caravan via the coastal route and it managed to escape. Abū Jahl was then advised to return, but he refused and marched on towards Badr. The Prophet (s) consulted with his followers, saying to them, ‘God has promised me one of the two parties’. So they agreed with him to attack the ˹Meccan˺ band, but some of them were averse to this, complaining, ‘We have not come prepared for this!’, as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٨:٥

كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ  

{كما أخرجك ربُّك من بيتك بالحق} متعلق بأخرج {وإن فريقا من المؤمنين لكارهون} الخروج والجملة حال من كاف أخرجك وكما خبر مبتدأ محذوف أي هذه الحال في كراهتهم لها مثل إخراجك في حال كراهتهم وقد كان خيرا لهم فكذلك أيضا وذلك أن أبا سفيان قدم بعير من الشام فخرج النبي ﷺ وأصحابه ليغنموها فعلمت قريش فخرج أبو جهل ومقاتلوا مكة ليذبُّوا عنها وهم النفير وأخذ أبو سفيان بالعير طريق الساحل فنجت فقيل لأبي جهل ارجع فأبى وسار إلى بدر. فشاور النبيُّ ﷺ أصحابه وقال إن الله وعدني إحدى الطائفتين فوافقوه على قتال النفير وكره بعضهم ذلك وقالوا لم نستعدَّ له كما قال تعالى.
quran:8:6

Arguing with you concerning the truth after it had become clear, as if they were being driven toward death while they were looking on.  

They dispute with you concerning the truth, ˹the order˺ to fight, after it had become clear, ˹after it had˺ become evident to them, as though they were being driven to death while they looked, at it ˹death˺ with their very eyes, utterly averse to it.
القرآن:٨:٦

يُجَادِلُونَكَ فِي الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُونَ إِلَى الْمَوْتِ وَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ  

{يجادلونك في الحق} القتال {بعد ما تبيَّن} ظهر لهم {كأنما يُساقون إلى الموت وهم ينظرون} إليه عيانا في كراهتهم له.
quran:8:7

˹Remember, O believers˺, when Allah promised you one of the two groups - that it would be yours - and you wished that the unarmed one would be yours. But Allah intended to establish the truth by His words and to eliminate the disbelievers  

And, remember, when God promised you one of the two parties, either the caravan or the band ˹of Meccan fighters˺, that it should be yours, and you longed, you were wishing, that other than the armed one, that is, ˹other than˺ the fighting one with the weapons, in other words, ˹you longed that˺ the caravan, should be yours, because it had fewer men and less reinforcements than the band ˹of Mecca fighters˺; but God willed that the truth be realised, ˹He willed˺ to manifest it, by His, preceding, words, that Islam should triumph; and to cut the root of the disbelievers, to the very last man, by extirpating them, and so He commanded you to fight against the band.
القرآن:٨:٧

وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللَّهُ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَتَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَاتِهِ وَيَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{و} اذكر {إذ يعدكم الله إحدى الطائفتين} العير أو النفير {أنها لكم وتودُّون} تريدون {أن غير ذات الشوكة} أي البأس والسلاح وهي العير {تكون لكم} لقلة عددها ومدَدها بخلاف النفير {ويريد الله أن يُحق الحق} يظهر {بكلماته} السابقة بظهور الإسلام {ويقطع دابر الكافرين} آخرهم بالاستئصال فأمركم بقتال النفير.
quran:8:8

That He should establish the truth and abolish falsehood, even if the criminals disliked it.  

And that He might cause the truth to be realised and annul, efface, falsehood, disbelief, however much the sinners, the idolaters, were averse, to that.
القرآن:٨:٨

لِيُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ وَيُبْطِلَ الْبَاطِلَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُجْرِمُونَ  

{ليُحق الحق ويبطل} يمحق {الباطل} الكفر {ولو كره المجرمون} المشركون ذلك.
quran:8:9

˹Remember˺ when you asked help of your Lord, and He answered you, "Indeed, I will reinforce you with a thousand from the angels, following one another."  

When you sought help from your Lord, asking Him to help you by granting you victory over them, and He answered you ˹saying˺: ‘I shall reinforce you, I shall assist you, with a thousand angels, rank upon rank’, one rank following after the next: God promised them this ˹number˺ at first, but it then became three thousand, and then five thousand, as stated in ˹sūrat˺ Āl ‘Imrān ˹Q. 3:124-125˺ (a variant reading ˹of alf, ‘thousand’˺ has the plural āluf, ‘thousands’, similar ˹in pattern˺ to aflus, ‘coins’).
القرآن:٨:٩

إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ  

اذكر {إذ تستغيثون ربَّكم} تطلبون منه الغوث بالنصر عليهم {فاستجاب لكم أني} أي بأني {مُمدُّكم} معينكم {بألف من الملائكة مردفين} متتابعين يردف بعضهم بعضا وعدهم بها أوَّلا ثم صارت ثلاثة آلاف ثم خمسة كما في آل عمران وقرئ بآلُف كأفُلس جمع.
quran:8:10

And Allah made it not but good tidings and so that your hearts would be assured thereby. And victory is not but from Allah. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  

And God appointed it, that is, the reinforcement, only as good tidings, and that your hearts might thereby be reassured. Victory comes only from God: surely God is Mighty, Wise.
القرآن:٨:١٠

وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بُشْرَىٰ وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ ۚ وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{وما جعله الله} أي الإمداد {إلا بشرى ولتطمئن به قلوبكم وما النصر إلا من عند الله إن الله عزيز حكيم}.
quran:8:11

˹Remember˺ when He overwhelmed you with drowsiness ˹giving˺ security from Him and sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which to purify you and remove from you the evil ˹suggestions˺ of Satan and to make steadfast your hearts and plant firmly thereby your feet.  

Remember, when He caused slumber to overcome you as security, against the fear that had befallen you, from Him, from God, and sent down upon you water from the heaven, to purify you thereby, from minor and major ritual impurities; and to remove from you the evil of Satan, his whisperings to you that, had you been on the right path, you would not have been thirsty and impure, while the idolaters enjoyed ˹access to˺ water; and to strengthen, to seal, your hearts, with certainty and endurance; and to make firm your feet, lest they sink in the sand.
القرآن:٨:١١

إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ النُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِنْهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ بِهِ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ  

اذكر {إذ يُغشِّيكم النعاس أمنة} أمنا مما حصل لكم من الخوف {منه} تعالى {وَيُنَزِّلُ عليكم من السماء ماء ليطهركم به} من الأحداث والجنابات {ويذهب عنكم رجز الشيطان} وسوسته إليكم بأنكم لو كنتم على الحق ما كنتم ظمأى محدثين والمشركون على الماء {وليربط} يحبس {على قلوبكم} باليقين والصبر {ويثبِّت به الأقدام} أن تسوخ في الرمل.
quran:8:12

˹Remember˺ when your Lord inspired to the angels, "I am with you, so strengthen those who have believed. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved, so strike ˹them˺ upon the necks and strike from them every fingertip."  

When your Lord inspired the angels, with whom He reinforced the Muslims, ˹saying˺: ‘I am with you, with assistance and victorious help, so make the believers stand firm, by helping ˹them˺ and giving ˹them˺ good tidings. I shall cast terror, fear, into the hearts of the disbelievers; so smite above the necks, that is, the heads, and smite of them every finger!’, that is, ˹smite˺ the extremities of their hands and feet: thus, when one of them went to strike an disbeliever’s head, it would roll off before his sword reached it. The Prophet (s) threw a handful of pebbles against them and every single idolater was struck in his eye, and thus they were defeated.
القرآن:٨:١٢

إِذْ يُوحِي رَبُّكَ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَنِّي مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۚ سَأُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ فَاضْرِبُوا فَوْقَ الْأَعْنَاقِ وَاضْرِبُوا مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ  

{إذ يوحي ربك إلى الملائكة} الذين أمد بهم المسلمين {أني} أي بأني {معكم} بالعون والنصر {فثبِّتوا الذين آمنوا} بالإعانة والتبشير {سألقي في قلوب الذين كفروا الرعب} الخوف {فاضربوا فوق الأعناق} أي الرءوس {واضربوا منهم كل بنان} أي أطراف اليدين والرجلين فكان الرجل يقصد ضرب رقبة الكافر فتسقط قبل أن يصل إليه سيفه ورماهم ﷺ بقبضة من الحصى فلم يبق مشرك إلا دخل في عينيه منها شيء فهزموا.
quran:8:13

That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah and His Messenger - indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.  

That, chastisement befalling them is, because they had contended with, they had opposed, God and His Messenger: whoever contends with God and with His Messenger, surely God is severe in retribution, against him.
القرآن:٨:١٣

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{ذلك} العذاب الواقع بهم {بأنهم شاقوا} خالفوا {الله ورسوله ومن يشاقق الله ورسوله فإن الله شديد العقاب} له.
quran:8:14

"That ˹is yours˺, so taste it." And indeed for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire.  

That, chastisement, is for you, so taste it, O disbelievers, in this world; and ˹know˺ that for the disbelievers, in the Hereafter, is the chastisement of the Fire.
القرآن:٨:١٤

ذَٰلِكُمْ فَذُوقُوهُ وَأَنَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ  

{ذلكم} العذاب {فذوقوه} أيها الكفار في الدنيا {وأن للكافرين} في الآخرة {عذاب النار}.
quran:8:15

O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing ˹for battle˺, do not turn to them your backs ˹in flight˺.  

O you who believe, when you encounter the disbelievers inching forward, that is, amassed, advancing slowly because of their large numbers, do not turn your backs to them, fleeing.
القرآن:٨:١٥

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الْأَدْبَارَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا لقيتم الذين كفروا زحفا} أي مجتمعين كأنهم لكثرتهم يزحفون {فلا تولُّوهم الأدبار} منهزمين.
quran:8:16

And whoever turns his back to them on such a day, unless swerving ˹as a strategy˺ for war or joining ˹another˺ company, has certainly returned with anger ˹upon him˺ from Allah, and his refuge is Hell - and wretched is the destination.  

Whoever turns his back to them on that day, the day of the encounter with them, unless manœuvring, turning around, for battle — by pretending to be in flight, as a trick, while actually intending to relaunch an attack — or joining another detachment, a company of Muslims, calling on it for assistance, he has truly incurred the wrath of God, and his abode will be Hell — an evil journey’s end!, ˹an evil˺ return it is. This ˹threat˺ applies so long as the ˹numbers of˺ disbelievers do not surpass twice ˹that of the believers˺.
القرآن:٨:١٦

وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَىٰ فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ  

{ومن يولهم يومئذ} أي يوم لقائهم {دُبُرَهُ إلا متحرفا} منعطفا {لقتال} بأن يريهم الغرَّة مكيدة وهو يريد الكرَّة {أو متحيزا} منضما {إلى فئة} جماعة من المسلمين يستنجد بها {فقد باء} رجع {بغضب من الله ومأواه جنهم وبئس المصير} المرجع هي وهذا مخصوص بما لم يزد الكفار على الضعف.
quran:8:17

And you did not kill them, but it was Allah who killed them. And you threw not, ˹O Muhammad˺, when you threw, but it was Allah who threw that He might test the believers with a good test. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.  

You did not slay them, at Badr by your own might, but God slew them, by giving you assistance, and you threw not, O Muhammad (s), ˹against˺ the eyes of the ˹unbelieving˺ folk, when you threw, the pebbles, for a handful of pebbles thrown by a human being cannot strike the eyes of ˹every person in˺ a large troop, but God threw, by making that ˹throw˺ reach them. He did this in order to vanquish the disbelievers, and that He might try the believers with a fair test, a ˹fair˺ gift, namely, booty; surely God is Hearing, of their sayings, Knowing, of their conditions.
القرآن:٨:١٧

فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ ۚ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَىٰ ۚ وَلِيُبْلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{فلم تقتلوهم} ببدر بقوتكم {ولكنَّ الله قتلهم} بنصره إيّاكم {وما رميت} يا محمد لأعين القوم {إذ رميت} بالحصى لأن كفا من الحصى لا يملأ عيون الجيش الكثير برمية بشر {ولكنَّ الله رمى} بإيصال ذلك إليهم فعل ذلك ليقهر الكافرين {وليبلي المؤمنين منه بلاءً} عطاء {حسنا} هو الغنيمة {إن الله سميع} لأقوالهم {عليم} بأحوالهم.
quran:8:18

That ˹is so˺, and ˹also˺ that Allah will weaken the plot of the disbelievers.  

That is, the true gift, for you, and ˹know˺ that God weakens the plan of the disbelievers.
القرآن:٨:١٨

ذَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{ذلكم} الإبلاء حق {وأن الله موهنُ} مضعف {كيد الكافرين}.
quran:8:19

If you ˹disbelievers˺ seek the victory - the defeat has come to you. And if you desist ˹from hostilities˺, it is best for you; but if you return ˹to war˺, We will return, and never will you be availed by your ˹large˺ company at all, even if it should increase; and ˹that is˺ because Allah is with the believers.  

If you have sought a judgement, O disbelievers, if you have sought a decisive conclusion ˹of this battle˺ — Abū Jahl had said, ‘O God! Whoever among ˹the two of˺ us is the one who has severed the ties of kinship and brought us what we had never known, destroy them today!’ — the judgement, the decisive conclusion, has now come to you, by the fact that the one so described has ˹already˺ perished: this was Abū Jahl and those killed with him, and not the Prophet (s) and the believers; and if you desist, from unbelief and waging war, it will better for you. But if you return, to fight against the Prophet (s), We shall return, to assist him against you, and your host, your troops, will not avail, will not protect, you in any way, however numerous it be; and verily God is with the believers (read thus inna, indicating a new sentence; or read anna, with an implicit lām ˹li-anna‘Llāha ma‘a’l-mu’minīn, ‘because God is with the believers’˺).
القرآن:٨:١٩

إِنْ تَسْتَفْتِحُوا فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْفَتْحُ ۖ وَإِنْ تَنْتَهُوا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تَعُودُوا نَعُدْ وَلَنْ تُغْنِيَ عَنْكُمْ فِئَتُكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَوْ كَثُرَتْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{إن تستفتحوا} أيها الكفار إن تطلبوا الفتح أي القضاء حيث قال أبو جهل منكم: اللهم أينا كان أقطع للرحمن وأتانا بما لا نعرف فأحنه الغداة أي أهلكه {فقد جاءكم الفتح} القضاء بهلاك من هو كذلك وهو أبو جهل ومن قتل معه دون النبي ﷺ والمؤمنين {وإن تنتهوا} عن الكفر والحرب {فهو خير لكم وإن تعودوا} لقتال النبي ﷺ {نعد} لنصره عليكم {ولن تغني} تدفع {عنكم فئتكم} جماعاتكم {شيئا ولو كثرت وإنَّ الله مع المؤمنين} بكسر إن استئنافا وفتحها على تقدير اللام.
quran:8:20

O you who have believed, obey Allah and His Messenger and do not turn from him while you hear ˹his order˺.  

O you who believe, obey God and His Messenger, and do not turn away from Him, by contravening His command, while you are listening, to the Qur’ān and the admonitions.
القرآن:٨:٢٠

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَا تَوَلَّوْا عَنْهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْمَعُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله ورسوله ولا تولَّوْا} تعرضوا {عنه} بمخالفة أمره {وأنتم تسمعون} القرآن والمواعظ.
quran:8:21

And do not be like those who say, "We have heard," while they do not hear.  

And do not be as those who say, ‘We hear,’ and they hear not, in such a way as to reflect and heed admonition — these are either the hypocrites or the idolaters.
القرآن:٨:٢١

وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ  

{ولا تكونوا كالذين قالوا سمعنا وهم لا يسمعون} سماع تدبر واتعاظ وهم المنافقون أو المشركون.
quran:8:22

Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allah are the deaf and dumb who do not use reason.  

Surely the worst of beasts in God’s sight are those who are deaf, to hearing the truth, and dumb, ˹unable˺ to utter it, those who do not understand.
القرآن:٨:٢٢

إِنَّ شَرَّ الدَّوَابِّ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الصُّمُّ الْبُكْمُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ  

{إن شرَّ الدواب عند الله الصمٌّ} عن سماع الحق {البكم} عن النطق به {الذين لا يعقلونـ} ـه.
quran:8:23

Had Allah known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would ˹still˺ have turned away, while they were refusing.  

For had God known of any good in them, any righteousness, were they to listen to the truth, He would have made them hear, in such a way as to understand; and had He made them hear — hypothetically speaking — already knowing that there is no good in them, they would have turned away, from it, averse, to accepting it, out of obstinacy and in denial.
القرآن:٨:٢٣

وَلَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا لَأَسْمَعَهُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ أَسْمَعَهُمْ لَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ  

{ولو علم الله فيهم خيرا} صلاحا بسماع الحق {لأسمعهم} سماع تفهم {ولو أسمعهم} فرضا وقد علم أن لا خير فيهم {لتوَّلوا} عنه {وهم معرضون} عن قبوله عنادا وجحودا.
quran:8:24

O you who have believed, respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life. And know that Allah intervenes between a man and his heart and that to Him you will be gathered.  

O you who believe, respond to God and the Messenger, with obedience, when He calls you to that which will give you life, in the matter of religion, for it will be the source of everlasting life ˹for you˺; and know that God comes in between a man and his heart, so that he cannot believe or disbelieve except by His will; and that it is to Him that you shall be gathered, and He will requite you for your deeds.
القرآن:٨:٢٤

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ ۖ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ وَأَنَّهُ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا استجيبوا لله وللرسول} بالطاعة {إذا دعاكم لما يحييكم} من أمر الدين أنه سبب الحياة الأبدية {واعلموا أن الله يحول بين المرء وقلبه} فلا يستطيع أن يؤمن أو يكفر إلا بإرادته {وأنه إليه تُحشرون} فيجازيكم بأعمالكم.
quran:8:25

And fear a trial which will not strike those who have wronged among you exclusively, and know that Allah is severe in penalty.  

And be afraid of a trial which, if it were to fall upon you, would certainly not fall exclusively upon the evildoers among you, but would encompass them and others, and the way to guard against it is to repudiate that evil which necessarily results in ˹precipitating˺ it; and know that God is severe in retribution, against those who oppose Him.
القرآن:٨:٢٥

وَاتَّقُوا فِتْنَةً لَا تُصِيبَنَّ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْكُمْ خَاصَّةً ۖ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{واتقوا فتنة} إن أصابتكم {لا تصيبنَّ الذين ظلموا منكم خاصة} بل تعمهم وغيرهم واتقاؤها بإنكار موجبها من المنكر {واعلموا أن الله شديد العقاب} لمن خالفه.
quran:8:26

And remember when you were few and oppressed in the land, fearing that people might abduct you, but He sheltered you, supported you with His victory, and provided you with good things - that you might be grateful.  

And remember when you were few and oppressed in the land, the land of Mecca, and were fearful lest men should snatch you away, ˹lest˺ the disbelievers should seize you swiftly; how He gave you refuge, in Medina, and reinforced you, strengthened you, with His help, on the day of Badr, with the angels, and provided you with the good things, the spoils, that you might be thankful, for His graces.
القرآن:٨:٢٦

وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ أَنْتُمْ قَلِيلٌ مُسْتَضْعَفُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَتَخَطَّفَكُمُ النَّاسُ فَآوَاكُمْ وَأَيَّدَكُمْ بِنَصْرِهِ وَرَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ  

{واذكروا إذ أنتم قليل مستضعَفون في الأرض} أرض مكة {تخافون أن يتخطَّفكم الناس} يأخذكم الكفار بسرعة {فآواكم} إلى المدينة {وأيَّدكم} قوَّاكم {بنصره} يوم بدر بالملائكة {ورزقكم من الطيبات} الغنائم {لعلكم تشكرون} نعمه.
quran:8:27

O you who have believed, do not betray Allah and the Messenger or betray your trusts while you know ˹the consequence˺.  

The following was revealed regarding Abū Lubāba Marwān b. ‘Abd al-Mundhir: the Prophet (s) had dispatched him to the Banū Qurayza so that they would submit to his ˹the Prophet’s˺ authority. But they ˹Banū Qurayza˺ consulted with him ˹as to whether they should cede˺, and he pointed out to them that a slaughter would ensue — for members of his family and his property were among them: O you who believe, do not betray God and the Messenger, and, do not, betray your trusts, that which has been entrusted to you, in the way of religion or otherwise, while you are aware.
القرآن:٨:٢٧

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ  

ونزل في أبي لبابة مروان بن عبد المنذر وقد بعثه رسول الله ﷺ إلى قريظة لينزلوا على حكمه فاستشاروه فأشار إليهم أنه الذبح لأن عياله وماله فيهم {يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تخونوا الله والرسول و تخونوا أماناتكم} ما ائتمنتم عليه من الدين وغيره {وأنتم تعلمون}.
quran:8:28

And know that your properties and your children are but a trial and that Allah has with Him a great reward.  

And know that your wealth and your children are a trial, for you, impeding you from the concerns of the Hereafter; and that with God is a tremendous wage, so do not forfeit it by giving ˹undue˺ attention to wealth and children, acting treacherously for the sake of ˹preserving˺ them.
القرآن:٨:٢٨

وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ  

{واعلموا أنما أموالكم وأولادُكم فتنهٌ} لكم صادة عن أمور الآخرة {وأن الله عنده أجر عظيم} فلا تفوِّتوه بمراعاة الأموال والأولاد والخيانة لأجلهم، ونزل في توبته.
quran:8:29

O you who have believed, if you fear Allah, He will grant you a criterion and will remove from you your misdeeds and forgive you. And Allah is the possessor of great bounty.  

The following was revealed regarding his ˹Abū Lubāba’s˺ repentance: O you who believe, if you fear God, by turning ˹in repentance˺ to Him and in other ways, He will grant you a ˹means of˺ separation, between yourselves and what you fear, so that you will be delivered, and absolve you of your evil deeds, and forgive you, your sins; and God is of tremendous bounty.
القرآن:٨:٢٩

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقَانًا وَيُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن تتقوا الله} بالإنابة وغيرها {يجعل لكم فرقانا} بينكم وبين ما تخافون فتنجون {ويكفِّر عنكم سيئآتكم ويغفر لكم} ذنوبكم {والله ذو الفضل العظيم}.
quran:8:30

And ˹remember, O Muhammad˺, when those who disbelieved plotted against you to restrain you or kill you or evict you ˹from Makkah˺. But they plan, and Allah plans. And Allah is the best of planners.  

And, remember, O Muhammad (s), when the disbelievers — who had gathered to discuss your affair at the council assembly — were plotting against you, to confine you, to chain you up and imprison you, or slay you — all of them ˹acting as˺ assassins of one man — or to expel you, from Mecca, and they were plotting, against you, and God was plotting, against them, by devising a way ˹out˺ for you, when He revealed to you what they had devised and commanded you to leave ˹Mecca˺; and God is the best of those who plot, the most knowledgeable among them about it.
القرآن:٨:٣٠

وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ ۚ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ  

{و} اذكر يا محمد {إذ يمكر بك الذين كفروا} وقد اجتمعوا للمشاورة في شأنك بدار الندوة {ليثبتوك} يوثقوك ويحبسوك {أو يقتلوك} كلهم قَتلَة رجل واحد {أو يخرجوك} من مكة {ويمكرون} بك {ويمكرُ الله} بهم بتدبير أمرك بأن أوحى إليك ما دبروه وأمرك بالخروج {والله خير الماكرين} أعلمهم به.
quran:8:31

And when Our verses are recited to them, they say, "We have heard. If we willed, we could say ˹something˺ like this. This is not but legends of the former peoples."  

And when Our verses, namely, the Qur’ān, were being recited to them, they said, ‘We have already heard! If we wish we can speak the like of this — al-Nadr b. al-Hārith said this, for he used to travel on trading business to al-Hīra, where he would buy books containing the tales of the Persians, and would recount these to the Meccans; this, Qur’ān, is nothing but the fables, the lies, of the ancients’.
القرآن:٨:٣١

وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا قَالُوا قَدْ سَمِعْنَا لَوْ نَشَاءُ لَقُلْنَا مِثْلَ هَٰذَا ۙ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{وإذا تُتلى عليهم آياتنا} القرآن {قالوا قد سمعنا لو نشاء لقلنا مثل هذا} قاله النضر بن الحارث لأنه كان يأتي الحيرة يتجر فيشتري كتب أخبار الأعاجم ويحدث بها أهل مكة {إن} ما {هذا} القرآن {إلا أساطير} أكاذيب {الأولين}.
quran:8:32

And ˹remember˺ when they said, "O Allah, if this should be the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment."  

And when they said, ‘O God! If this, that Muhammad (s) recites, be indeed the truth, revealed, from You, then rain down stones upon us from the heaven, or bring on us a painful chastisement’, in return for ˹our˺ denial of it: this was said by al-Nadr and others, in mockery and in delusion that he had some insight and certainty about it ˹the Qur’ān˺ being false.
القرآن:٨:٣٢

وَإِذْ قَالُوا اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ هَٰذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ  

{وإذ قالوا اللهم إن كان هذا} الذي يقرؤه محمد {هو الحقَّ} المنزل {من عندك فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء أو ائتنا بعذاب أليم} مؤلم على إنكاره قاله النصر، وغيره استهزاءً وإيهاما أنه على بصيرة وجزم ببطلانه.
quran:8:33

But Allah would not punish them while you, ˹O Muhammad˺, are among them, and Allah would not punish them while they seek forgiveness.  

God then says: But God was not about to chastise them, for what they requested, while you were among them, for when chastisement is sent down it is all-encompassing, and no community was ever chastised except after its prophet and the believers had departed from it; nor was God about to chastise them while they sought forgiveness, crying, as they performed the circumambulations: ‘Your forgiveness! Your forgiveness!’; it is also said that this ˹last clause˺ refers to those oppressed believers among them, similar to where God says Had they been clearly separated, verily We would have chastised the disbelievers among them with a painful chastisement ˹Q. 48:25˺.
القرآن:٨:٣٣

وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَأَنْتَ فِيهِمْ ۚ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَهُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ  

قال تعالى: {وما كان الله ليعذَّبهم} بما سألوه {وأنت فيهم} لأن العذاب إذا نزل عَمَّ ولم تعذَّب أمة إلا بعد خروج نبيها والمؤمنين منها {وما كان الله معذبَهم وهم يستغفرون} حيث يقولون في طوافهم: غفرانك، غفرانك. وقيل أهم المؤمنون المستضعفون فيهم كما قال تعالى: (لو تزيَّلوا لعذبنا الذين كفروا منهم عذابا أليما).
quran:8:34

But why should Allah not punish them while they obstruct ˹people˺ from al-Masjid al- Haram and they were not ˹fit to be˺ its guardians? Its ˹true˺ guardians are not but the righteous, but most of them do not know.  

But what ˹plea˺ have they now, that God should not chastise them, with the sword, after your departure and that of the oppressed ˹believers˺ — if this ˹verse˺ is understood in accordance with the first opinion ˹that it refers to the idolaters asking forgiveness˺, then it abrogates the previous one, for God had chastised them at Badr and in other instances — when they bar, prevent the Prophet (s) and the Muslims, from the Sacred Mosque, ˹from˺ performing circumambulations there, though they are not its guardians?, as they claim? Its only ˹rightful˺ guardians are the God-fearing, but most of them do not know, that they have no ˹rightful˺ custodianship over it.
القرآن:٨:٣٤

وَمَا لَهُمْ أَلَّا يُعَذِّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمَا كَانُوا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ ۚ إِنْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقُونَ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{ومالهم أ} ن {لا يعذبهم الله} بالسيف بعد خروجك والمستضعفين وعلى القول الأول هي ناسخة لما قبلها وقد عذَّبهم الله ببدر وغيره {وهم يصدُّون} يمنعون النبي ﷺ والمسلمين {عن المسجد الحرام} أن يطوفوا به {وما كانوا أولياءه} كما زعموا {إن} ما {أولياؤه إلا المتقون ولكن أكثرهم لا يعلمون} أن لا ولاية لهم عليه.
quran:8:35

And their prayer at the House was not except whistling and handclapping. So taste the punishment for what you disbelieved.  

And their prayer at the ˹Sacred˺ House is nothing but whistling and hand-clapping: in other words they do this in place of the prayer which they were ordered to perform — therefore taste now, at Badr, the chastisement for your unbelief!
القرآن:٨:٣٥

وَمَا كَانَ صَلَاتُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ إِلَّا مُكَاءً وَتَصْدِيَةً ۚ فَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ  

{وما كان صلاتُهم عند البيت إلا مُكاءً} صفيرا {وتصديةً} تصفيقا أي جعلوا ذلك موضع صلاتهم التي أمروا بها {فذوقوا العذاب} ببدر {بما كنتم تكفرون}.
quran:8:36

Indeed, those who disbelieve spend their wealth to avert ˹people˺ from the way of Allah. So they will spend it; then it will be for them a ˹source of˺ regret; then they will be overcome. And those who have disbelieved - unto Hell they will be gathered.  

The disbelievers expend their wealth, in waging war against the Prophet (s), in order to bar from God’s way, and they will expend it until, in the end, it will be a source of anguish for them, a regret, for having lost it and lost what they had intended ˹by expending it˺; then they will be defeated, in this world, and the disbelievers, among them, will be gathered, driven, into Hell, in the Hereafter,
القرآن:٨:٣٦

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ لِيَصُدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَسَيُنْفِقُونَهَا ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسْرَةً ثُمَّ يُغْلَبُونَ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ يُحْشَرُونَ  

{إن الذين كفروا ينفقون أموالهم} في حرب النبي ﷺ {ليصدوا عن سبيل الله فسينفقونها ثم تكون} في عاقبة الأمر {عليهم حسرة} ندامة لفواتها وفوات ما قصدوه {ثم يغلبون} في الدنيا {والذين كفروا} منهم {إلى جهنم} في الآخرة {يحشرون} يساقون.
quran:8:37

˹This is˺ so that Allah may distinguish the wicked from the good and place the wicked some of them upon others and heap them all together and put them into Hell. It is those who are the losers.  

that God may distinguish (read li-yamīza, or li-yumayyiza, is semantically connected to takūnu, ‘it will be’ ˹from the previous verse˺) the wicked, the disbeliever, from the good, the believer, and place the wicked one upon another, and heap them up all together and put them in Hell: those, they are the losers.
القرآن:٨:٣٧

لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ وَيَجْعَلَ الْخَبِيثَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ فَيَرْكُمَهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِي جَهَنَّمَ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ  

{ليميزَ} متعلق بتكون بالتخفيف والشديد أي يفصل {الله الخبيث} الكافر {من الطيب} المؤمن {ويجعل الخبيث بعضه على بعض فيَرْكُمَهُ جميعا} يجمعه متراكما بعضه على بعض {فيجعله في جهنَّم أولئك هم الخاسرون}.
quran:8:38

Say to those who have disbelieved ˹that˺ if they cease, what has previously occurred will be forgiven for them. But if they return ˹to hostility˺ - then the precedent of the former ˹rebellious˺ peoples has already taken place.  

Say to the disbelievers, such as Abū Sufyān and his companions, that if they desist, from unbelief and from waging war against the Prophet (s), that which is past, of their deeds, will be forgiven them; but if they return, to waging war against him, the way of ˹dealing with˺ the ancients has already gone before!, that is, Our way ˹in dealing˺ with them, by destroying them: We will do the same with these ones.
القرآن:٨:٣٨

قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرْ لَهُمْ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ وَإِنْ يَعُودُوا فَقَدْ مَضَتْ سُنَّتُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{قل للذين كفروا} كأبي سفيان وأصحابه {إن ينتهوا} عن الكفر وقتال النبي ﷺ {يُغفر لهم ما قد سلف} من أعمالهم {وإن يعودوا} إلى قتال {فقد مضت سنَّةُ الأولين} أي سنتنا فيهم بالإهلاك فكذا نفعل بهم.
quran:8:39

And fight them until there is no fitnah and ˹until˺ the religion, all of it, is for Allah. And if they cease - then indeed, Allah is Seeing of what they do.  

And fight them until sedition, idolatry, is, exists, no more and religion is all for God, alone, none other being worshipped; then if they desist, from unbelief, surely God sees what they do, and will requite them for it.
القرآن:٨:٣٩

وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ  

{وقاتلوهم حتى لا تكون} توجد {فتنةٌ} شرك {ويكون الدِّين كله لله} وحده ولا يعبد غيره {فإن انتهوا} عن الكفر {فإن الله بما يعملون بصير} فيجازيهم به.
quran:8:40

But if they turn away - then know that Allah is your protector. Excellent is the protector, and Excellent is the helper.  

But if they turn away, from belief, know that God is your Protector, your Helper and the One Who takes charge of your affairs — an excellent Protector, is He, and an excellent Helper!, ˹He is˺ for you.
القرآن:٨:٤٠

وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَاكُمْ ۚ نِعْمَ الْمَوْلَىٰ وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ  

{وإن تولَّوا} عن الإيمان {فاعلموا أن الله مولاكم} ناصركم ومتولي أموركم {نعم المولى} هو {ونعم النصير} أي الناصر لكم.
quran:8:41

And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for ˹his˺ near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the ˹stranded˺ traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant on the day of criterion - the day when the two armies met. And Allah, over all things, is competent.  

And know that whatever spoils you have taken, ˹you have˺ seized from the disbelievers by force, the fifth of it is for God, to have it dispensed as He will, and for the Messenger and for the kinsmen, the kinsmen of the Prophet (s) from among the Banū Hāshim and the Banū ˹‘Abd˺ al-Muttalib, and the orphans, children of Muslims, those whose fathers have passed away and are in poverty, and the needy, those Muslims in ˹dire˺ need, and the traveller, those Muslims cut off during travel — in other words it ˹the fifth˺ is due to the Prophet (s) and ˹those of˺ these four categories in the way that he used to apportion it: a fifth of the fifth for each one and the remaining four fifths for those who had captured the spoils, if you believe in God, then be aware of that, and that which (wa-mā is a supplement to bi’Llāhi, ‘in God’) We sent down upon Our servant, Muhammad (s), in the way of angels and signs, on the Day of Discrimination, that is, the day of ˹the battle of˺ Badr, which discriminated between truth and falsehood, the day the two armies, the Muslims and the believers, met. And God has power over all things, including giving you victory despite your being few and their being greater in number.
القرآن:٨:٤١

وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{واعلموا أنما غنمتم} أخذتم من الكفار قهرا {من شيء فأن لله خمسه} يأمر فيه بما يشاء {وللرسول ولذي القربى} قرابة النبي ﷺ من بني هاشم وبني المطلب {واليتامى} أطفال المسلمين الذين هلك آباؤهم وهم فقراء {والمساكين} ذوي الحاجة من المسلمين {وابن السبيل} المنقطع في سفره من المسلمين، أي يستحقه النبي ﷺ والأصناف الأربعة على ما كان يقسمه من أن لكلٍ خُمسَ الخمس، والأخماس الأربعة الباقية للغانمين {إن كنتم آمنتم بالله} فاعملوا ذلك {وما} عطف على بالله {أنزلنا على عبدنا} محمد ﷺ من الملائكة والآيات {يوم الفرقان} أي يوم بدر الفارق بين الحق والباطل {يوم التقى الجمعان} المسلمون والكفار {والله على كل شيء قدير} ومنه نصركم مع قلتكم وكثرتهم.
quran:8:42

˹Remember˺ when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower ˹in position˺ than you. If you had made an appointment ˹to meet˺, you would have missed the appointment. But ˹it was˺ so that Allah might accomplish a matter already destined - that those who perished ˹through disbelief˺ would perish upon evidence and those who lived ˹in faith˺ would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.  

When (idh substitutes for yawma, ‘the day’) you were on the nearer bank, the one nearer to Medina (read ‘udwa or ‘idwa, meaning ‘the side of a valley’), and they were on the yonder bank, the one further from it, and the cavalcade, the caravan, was, in a place, below you, the coastal side; and had you, and the ˹enemy˺ band, agreed to meet, for battle, you would have surely failed to keep meeting; but, He brought you together at a different time, that God might conclude a matter that was to be done, through His knowledge — namely, the victory of Islam and the obliteration of unbelief — He did this so, that he who perished might perish, might be a disbeliever ˹even˺, after a clear proof, that is, after a manifest proof has been established against him, namely, the triumph of the believers, despite their small number, over the larger ˹enemy˺ army; and that he who survived might live, might believe, after a clear proof; surely God is Hearing, Knowing.
القرآن:٨:٤٢

إِذْ أَنْتُمْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْقُصْوَىٰ وَالرَّكْبُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَلَوْ تَوَاعَدْتُمْ لَاخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي الْمِيعَادِ ۙ وَلَٰكِنْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولًا لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ وَيَحْيَىٰ مَنْ حَيَّ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ ۗ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{إذ} بدل من يوم {أنتم} كائنون {بالعُدوة الدنيا} القربى من المدينة وهى بضم العين وكسرها جانب الوادي {وهم بالعدوة القصوى} البعدى منها {والركب} العير كائنون بمكان {أسفل منكم} مما يلي البحر {ولو تواعدتم} أنتم والنفير للقتال {لاختلفتم في الميعاد ولكن} جمعكم بغير ميعاد {ليقضى الله أمرا كان مفعولا} في علمه وهو نصر الإسلام وَمَحْقُ الكفر فعل ذلك {ليهلك} يكفر {من هلك عن بينةٍ} أي بعد حجة ظاهرة قامت عليه وهي نصر المؤمنين مع قلتهم على الجيش الكثير {ويحيى} يؤمن {من حيَّ عن بينة وإن الله لسميع عليم}.
quran:8:43

˹Remember, O Muhammad˺, when Allah showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you ˹believers˺ would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter ˹of whether to fight˺, but Allah saved ˹you from that˺. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.  

Remember, when God showed them to you in your dream, in your sleep, as few, and so you informed your companions of this, and they were delighted, and had He shown them to you as many, you would have faltered, shrunk in cowardice, and quarrelled, fallen into disagreement, over the matter, the matter of fighting; but God saved, you, from faltering and quarrelling. He knows that which is in the breasts, that which is in the hearts.
القرآن:٨:٤٣

إِذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلًا ۖ وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيرًا لَفَشِلْتُمْ وَلَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَ ۗ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ  

اذكر {إذ يريكهُم الله في منامك} أي نومك {قليلا} فأخبرت به أصحابك فسروا {ولو أراكهم كثيرا لفشلتم} جبنتم {ولتنازعتم} اختلفتم {في الأمر} أمر القتال {ولكن الله سلَّمـ} ـكم من الفشل والتنازع {إنه عليم بذات الصدور} بما في القلوب.
quran:8:44

And ˹remember˺ when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes, and He made you ˹appear˺ as few in their eyes so that Allah might accomplish a matter already destined. And to Allah are ˹all˺ matters returned.  

And when God made you see them, O believers, when you met — in your eyes as few, as 70 or 100, when they were ˹in fact˺ 1000, so that you would advance against them; and He made you seem as few in their eyes, so that they would advance and not turn back from fighting you — this was before close combat had begun, but when it began, He made them ˹the disbelievers˺ see these ˹believers˺ as twice their number, as stated in sūrat Āl ‘Imrān ˹Q. 3:13˺ — so that God might conclude a matter that was to be done; and to God all things are returned, reverting.
القرآن:٨:٤٤

وَإِذْ يُرِيكُمُوهُمْ إِذِ الْتَقَيْتُمْ فِي أَعْيُنِكُمْ قَلِيلًا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمْ فِي أَعْيُنِهِمْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولًا ۗ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ  

{وإذ يريكموهم} أيها المؤمنون {إذ التقيتم في أعينكم قليلا} نحو سبعين أو مائة وهم ألف لتقدموا عليهم {ويقللكم في أعينهم} ليقدموا ولا يرجعوا عن قتالكم وهذا قبل التحام الحرب، فلما التحم أراهم إياهم مثليهم كما في آل عمران {ليقضيَ الله أمرا كان مفعولا وإلى الله ترجع} تصير {الأمور}.
quran:8:45

O you who have believed, when you encounter a company ˹from the enemy forces˺, stand firm and remember Allah much that you may be successful.  

O you who believe, when you meet a host, a group of disbelievers, then stand firm, to fight them and do not ˹flee in˺ retreat, and remember God much, call upon Him for victory, that you may succeed, ˹that you may˺ triumph.
القرآن:٨:٤٥

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُوا وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا لقيتم فئة} جماعة كافرة {فاثبتوا} لقتالهم ولا تنهزموا {واذكروا الله كثيرا} ادعوه بالنصر {لعلكم تفلحون} تفوزون.
quran:8:46

And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute and ˹thus˺ lose courage and ˹then˺ your strength would depart; and be patient. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.  

And obey God and His Messenger, and do not quarrel with one another, do ˹not˺ fall into dispute with one another, lest you falter, become cowardly, and your strength, your power and dominion, fade; and be patient. Surely God is with the patient, giving them victory and assistance.
القرآن:٨:٤٦

وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَا تَنَازَعُوا فَتَفْشَلُوا وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ ۖ وَاصْبِرُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ  

{وأطيعوا الله ورسوله ولا تنازعوا} تختلفوا فيما بينكم {فتفشلوا} تجبنوا {وتذهب ريحكم} قوتكم ودولتكم {واصبروا إن الله مع الصابرين} بالنصر والعون.
quran:8:47

And do not be like those who came forth from their homes insolently and to be seen by people and avert ˹them˺ from the way of Allah. And Allah is encompassing of what they do.  

And do not be like those who went forth from their dwellings, to defend their caravan and but did not return after it had passed safely, in recklessness and to show off to men — when they said, ‘We will not return until we have drunk wine, sacrificed the camels, and have been entertained by singers at Badr, and ˹until˺ people have heard about this — barring, people, from the way of God, while God encompasses, in knowledge, what they do (ya‘malūna, also read ta‘malūna, ‘you do’), and will requite them for it.
القرآن:٨:٤٧

وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بَطَرًا وَرِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ  

{ولا تكونوا كالذين خرجوا من ديارهم} ليمنعوا غيرهم ولم يرجعوا بعد نجاتها {بطرا ورئاء الناس} حيث قالوا لا نرجع حتى نشرب الخمر وننحر الجزور وتضرب علينا القيان ببدر فيتسامع بذلك الناس {ويصدون} الناس {عن سبيل الله والله بما يعملون} بالياء والتاء {محيط} علما فيجازيهم به.
quran:8:48

And ˹remember˺ when Satan made their deeds pleasing to them and said, "No one can overcome you today from among the people, and indeed, I am your protector." But when the two armies sighted each other, he turned on his heels and said, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I see what you do not see; indeed I fear Allah. And Allah is severe in penalty."  

And, mention, that Satan, Iblīs, adorned their deeds for them, by encouraging them ˹to go˺ to meet the Muslims, when they had feared to set out on account of their enemy, the Banū Bakr, and said, to them: ‘Today no person shall overcome you, for I shall be your protector’, from among the ˹Banū˺ Kināna — he appeared to them in the form of Surāqa b. Mālik, the chieftain of that region. But when the two armies, the Muslims and the disbelievers, sighted each other, ˹when˺ they met and he ˹Satan˺ saw the angels, his hand clasping that of al-Hārith b. Hishām, he turned his back, he withdrew, in flight, saying — when they had said to him, ‘Are you abandoning us in such a predicament?’, ‘I am quit of you, of being your protector, for I see what you do not see, in the way of angels. I fear God, lest He destroy me; and God is severe in retribution’.
القرآن:٨:٤٨

وَإِذْ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَقَالَ لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٌ لَكُمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَتِ الْفِئَتَانِ نَكَصَ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ وَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكُمْ إِنِّي أَرَىٰ مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ ۚ وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{و} اذكر {إذ زيَّن لهم الشيطان} إبليس {أعمالهم} بأن شجعهم على لقاء المسلمين لما خافوا الخروج من أعدائهم بني بكر {وقال} لهم {لا غالب لكم اليوم من الناس وإني جار لكم} من كنانة وكان أتاهم في صورة سراقة بن مالك سيد تلك الناحية {فلما تراءت} التقت {الفئتان} المسلمة والكافرة ورأى الملائكة يده في يد الحارث بن هشام {نكص} رجع {على عقبيه} هاربا {وقال} لما قالوا له أتخذلنا على هذه الحال: {إني بريء منكم} من جواركم {إني أرى ما لا ترون} من الملائكة {إني أخاف الله} أن يهلكني {والله شديد العقاب}.
quran:8:49

˹Remember˺ when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was disease said, "Their religion has deluded those ˹Muslims˺." But whoever relies upon Allah - then indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  

When the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a sickness, a weakness of faith, said, ‘Their religion has deluded them’, that is, the Muslims, for they had set out to fight a large army despite their small number, in the mistaken belief that they will be victorious because of this. God, exalted be He, says in response to them: but whoever relies on God, ˹whoever˺ puts his trust in Him, he will triumph; for truly God is Mighty, His way will prevail, Wise, in His actions.
القرآن:٨:٤٩

إِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ غَرَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ دِينُهُمْ ۗ وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{إذ يقول المنافقون والذين في قلوبهم مرض} ضعف اعتقاد {غرَّ هؤلاء} أي المسلمين {دينُهم} إذ خرجوا مع قتلهم يقاتلون الجمع الكثير توهما أنهم ينصرون بسببه قال تعال في جوابهم: {ومن يتوكل على الله} يثق به يغلب {فإن الله عزيز} غالب على أمره {حكيم} في صنعه.
quran:8:50

And if you could but see when the angels take the souls of those who disbelieved... They are striking their faces and their backs and ˹saying˺, "Taste the punishment of the Burning Fire.  

And if you could only see, O Muhammad (s), when the angels take (read either as yatawaffā or tatawaffā) the disbelievers, beating (yadribūna is a circumstantial qualifier) their faces and their backs, with hooked iron rods, and, they say to them: ‘Taste the chastisement of burning, that is, the Fire (the response to the ˹clause beginning with˺ law, ‘if’, would be la-ra’ayta amran ‘azīman, ‘you would truly have seen an terrible sight’).
القرآن:٨:٥٠

وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۙ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ وَذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ  

{ولو تَرى} يا محمد {إذ يتوفى} بالياء والتاء {الذين كفروا الملائكة يضربون} حال {وجوههم وأدبارهم} بمقامعَ من حديد {و} يقولون لهم {ذوقوا عذاب الحريق} أي النار وجواب لو: لرأيت أمرا عظيما.