8. Sūrat al-Anfāl

٨۔ سُورَةُ الأنفَال

8.2 God's help during the Battle of Badr. God's decision between Muslims and disbelievers

٨۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأنفَال

quran:8:11

˹Remember˺ when He overwhelmed you with drowsiness ˹giving˺ security from Him and sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which to purify you and remove from you the evil ˹suggestions˺ of Satan and to make steadfast your hearts and plant firmly thereby your feet.  

Remember, when He caused slumber to overcome you as security, against the fear that had befallen you, from Him, from God, and sent down upon you water from the heaven, to purify you thereby, from minor and major ritual impurities; and to remove from you the evil of Satan, his whisperings to you that, had you been on the right path, you would not have been thirsty and impure, while the idolaters enjoyed ˹access to˺ water; and to strengthen, to seal, your hearts, with certainty and endurance; and to make firm your feet, lest they sink in the sand.
القرآن:٨:١١

إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ النُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِنْهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ بِهِ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ  

اذكر {إذ يُغشِّيكم النعاس أمنة} أمنا مما حصل لكم من الخوف {منه} تعالى {وَيُنَزِّلُ عليكم من السماء ماء ليطهركم به} من الأحداث والجنابات {ويذهب عنكم رجز الشيطان} وسوسته إليكم بأنكم لو كنتم على الحق ما كنتم ظمأى محدثين والمشركون على الماء {وليربط} يحبس {على قلوبكم} باليقين والصبر {ويثبِّت به الأقدام} أن تسوخ في الرمل.
quran:8:12

˹Remember˺ when your Lord inspired to the angels, "I am with you, so strengthen those who have believed. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved, so strike ˹them˺ upon the necks and strike from them every fingertip."  

When your Lord inspired the angels, with whom He reinforced the Muslims, ˹saying˺: ‘I am with you, with assistance and victorious help, so make the believers stand firm, by helping ˹them˺ and giving ˹them˺ good tidings. I shall cast terror, fear, into the hearts of the disbelievers; so smite above the necks, that is, the heads, and smite of them every finger!’, that is, ˹smite˺ the extremities of their hands and feet: thus, when one of them went to strike an disbeliever’s head, it would roll off before his sword reached it. The Prophet (s) threw a handful of pebbles against them and every single idolater was struck in his eye, and thus they were defeated.
القرآن:٨:١٢

إِذْ يُوحِي رَبُّكَ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَنِّي مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۚ سَأُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ فَاضْرِبُوا فَوْقَ الْأَعْنَاقِ وَاضْرِبُوا مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ  

{إذ يوحي ربك إلى الملائكة} الذين أمد بهم المسلمين {أني} أي بأني {معكم} بالعون والنصر {فثبِّتوا الذين آمنوا} بالإعانة والتبشير {سألقي في قلوب الذين كفروا الرعب} الخوف {فاضربوا فوق الأعناق} أي الرءوس {واضربوا منهم كل بنان} أي أطراف اليدين والرجلين فكان الرجل يقصد ضرب رقبة الكافر فتسقط قبل أن يصل إليه سيفه ورماهم ﷺ بقبضة من الحصى فلم يبق مشرك إلا دخل في عينيه منها شيء فهزموا.
quran:8:13

That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah and His Messenger - indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.  

That, chastisement befalling them is, because they had contended with, they had opposed, God and His Messenger: whoever contends with God and with His Messenger, surely God is severe in retribution, against him.
القرآن:٨:١٣

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{ذلك} العذاب الواقع بهم {بأنهم شاقوا} خالفوا {الله ورسوله ومن يشاقق الله ورسوله فإن الله شديد العقاب} له.
quran:8:14

"That ˹is yours˺, so taste it." And indeed for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire.  

That, chastisement, is for you, so taste it, O disbelievers, in this world; and ˹know˺ that for the disbelievers, in the Hereafter, is the chastisement of the Fire.
القرآن:٨:١٤

ذَٰلِكُمْ فَذُوقُوهُ وَأَنَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ  

{ذلكم} العذاب {فذوقوه} أيها الكفار في الدنيا {وأن للكافرين} في الآخرة {عذاب النار}.
quran:8:15

O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing ˹for battle˺, do not turn to them your backs ˹in flight˺.  

O you who believe, when you encounter the disbelievers inching forward, that is, amassed, advancing slowly because of their large numbers, do not turn your backs to them, fleeing.
القرآن:٨:١٥

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الْأَدْبَارَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا لقيتم الذين كفروا زحفا} أي مجتمعين كأنهم لكثرتهم يزحفون {فلا تولُّوهم الأدبار} منهزمين.
quran:8:16

And whoever turns his back to them on such a day, unless swerving ˹as a strategy˺ for war or joining ˹another˺ company, has certainly returned with anger ˹upon him˺ from Allah, and his refuge is Hell - and wretched is the destination.  

Whoever turns his back to them on that day, the day of the encounter with them, unless manœuvring, turning around, for battle — by pretending to be in flight, as a trick, while actually intending to relaunch an attack — or joining another detachment, a company of Muslims, calling on it for assistance, he has truly incurred the wrath of God, and his abode will be Hell — an evil journey’s end!, ˹an evil˺ return it is. This ˹threat˺ applies so long as the ˹numbers of˺ disbelievers do not surpass twice ˹that of the believers˺.
القرآن:٨:١٦

وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَىٰ فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ  

{ومن يولهم يومئذ} أي يوم لقائهم {دُبُرَهُ إلا متحرفا} منعطفا {لقتال} بأن يريهم الغرَّة مكيدة وهو يريد الكرَّة {أو متحيزا} منضما {إلى فئة} جماعة من المسلمين يستنجد بها {فقد باء} رجع {بغضب من الله ومأواه جنهم وبئس المصير} المرجع هي وهذا مخصوص بما لم يزد الكفار على الضعف.
quran:8:17

And you did not kill them, but it was Allah who killed them. And you threw not, ˹O Muhammad˺, when you threw, but it was Allah who threw that He might test the believers with a good test. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.  

You did not slay them, at Badr by your own might, but God slew them, by giving you assistance, and you threw not, O Muhammad (s), ˹against˺ the eyes of the ˹unbelieving˺ folk, when you threw, the pebbles, for a handful of pebbles thrown by a human being cannot strike the eyes of ˹every person in˺ a large troop, but God threw, by making that ˹throw˺ reach them. He did this in order to vanquish the disbelievers, and that He might try the believers with a fair test, a ˹fair˺ gift, namely, booty; surely God is Hearing, of their sayings, Knowing, of their conditions.
القرآن:٨:١٧

فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ ۚ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَىٰ ۚ وَلِيُبْلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{فلم تقتلوهم} ببدر بقوتكم {ولكنَّ الله قتلهم} بنصره إيّاكم {وما رميت} يا محمد لأعين القوم {إذ رميت} بالحصى لأن كفا من الحصى لا يملأ عيون الجيش الكثير برمية بشر {ولكنَّ الله رمى} بإيصال ذلك إليهم فعل ذلك ليقهر الكافرين {وليبلي المؤمنين منه بلاءً} عطاء {حسنا} هو الغنيمة {إن الله سميع} لأقوالهم {عليم} بأحوالهم.
quran:8:18

That ˹is so˺, and ˹also˺ that Allah will weaken the plot of the disbelievers.  

That is, the true gift, for you, and ˹know˺ that God weakens the plan of the disbelievers.
القرآن:٨:١٨

ذَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{ذلكم} الإبلاء حق {وأن الله موهنُ} مضعف {كيد الكافرين}.
quran:8:19

If you ˹disbelievers˺ seek the victory - the defeat has come to you. And if you desist ˹from hostilities˺, it is best for you; but if you return ˹to war˺, We will return, and never will you be availed by your ˹large˺ company at all, even if it should increase; and ˹that is˺ because Allah is with the believers.  

If you have sought a judgement, O disbelievers, if you have sought a decisive conclusion ˹of this battle˺ — Abū Jahl had said, ‘O God! Whoever among ˹the two of˺ us is the one who has severed the ties of kinship and brought us what we had never known, destroy them today!’ — the judgement, the decisive conclusion, has now come to you, by the fact that the one so described has ˹already˺ perished: this was Abū Jahl and those killed with him, and not the Prophet (s) and the believers; and if you desist, from unbelief and waging war, it will better for you. But if you return, to fight against the Prophet (s), We shall return, to assist him against you, and your host, your troops, will not avail, will not protect, you in any way, however numerous it be; and verily God is with the believers (read thus inna, indicating a new sentence; or read anna, with an implicit lām ˹li-anna‘Llāha ma‘a’l-mu’minīn, ‘because God is with the believers’˺).
القرآن:٨:١٩

إِنْ تَسْتَفْتِحُوا فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْفَتْحُ ۖ وَإِنْ تَنْتَهُوا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تَعُودُوا نَعُدْ وَلَنْ تُغْنِيَ عَنْكُمْ فِئَتُكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَوْ كَثُرَتْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{إن تستفتحوا} أيها الكفار إن تطلبوا الفتح أي القضاء حيث قال أبو جهل منكم: اللهم أينا كان أقطع للرحمن وأتانا بما لا نعرف فأحنه الغداة أي أهلكه {فقد جاءكم الفتح} القضاء بهلاك من هو كذلك وهو أبو جهل ومن قتل معه دون النبي ﷺ والمؤمنين {وإن تنتهوا} عن الكفر والحرب {فهو خير لكم وإن تعودوا} لقتال النبي ﷺ {نعد} لنصره عليكم {ولن تغني} تدفع {عنكم فئتكم} جماعاتكم {شيئا ولو كثرت وإنَّ الله مع المؤمنين} بكسر إن استئنافا وفتحها على تقدير اللام.