8. Sūrat al-Anfāl

٨۔ سُورَةُ الأنفَال

8.14 Duties and obligations of the Islamic State towards Muslims living in non-Muslim countries.

٨۔١٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأنفَال

quran:8:72

Indeed, those who have believed and emigrated and fought with their wealth and lives in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and aided - they are allies of one another. But those who believed and did not emigrate - for you there is no guardianship of them until they emigrate. And if they seek help of you for the religion, then you must help, except against a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty. And Allah is Seeing of what you do.  

Truly those who believed and emigrated and strove with their wealth and their lives in the way of God, these being the Emigrants, and those who provided refuge, for the Prophet (s), and assisted, these being the Helpers, those are allies of one another, in terms of ˹mutual˺ support and inheritance. And those who believed but did not emigrate — you have no duty to make an alliance (read wilāya or walāya) with them, and so there is no inheriting between you and them and no share of the spoils for them, until they emigrate, this was abrogated by the end of this sūra; but if they ask you for assistance in the matter of religion then it is your duty to assist, them against the disbelievers, except against a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, a pact: in which case, do not assist them against these others and so break your pact; and God sees what you do.
القرآن:٨:٧٢

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَٰئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوا مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ وَلَايَتِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّىٰ يُهَاجِرُوا ۚ وَإِنِ اسْتَنْصَرُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ النَّصْرُ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ  

{إن الذين آمنوا وهاجروا وجاهدوا بأموالهم وأنفسهم في سبيل الله} وهم المهاجرون {والذين آوَوْا} النبي ﷺ {ونصروا} وهم الأنصار {أولئك بعضهم أولياء بعض} في النصرة والإرث {والذين آمنوا ولم يُهاجروا مالكم من ولايَتِهِمْ} بكسر الواو وفتحها {من شيء} فلا إرث بينكم وبينهم ولا نصيب لهم في الغنيمة {حتى يهاجروا} وهذا منسوخ بآخر السورة {وإن استنصروكم في الدين فعليكم النصر} لهم على الكفار {إلا على قوم بينكم وبينهم ميثاق} عهد فلا تنصروهم عليهم وتنقضوا عهدهم {والله بما تعملون بصير}.
quran:8:73

And those who disbelieved are allies of one another. If you do not do so, there will be fitnah on earth and great corruption.  

And those who disbelieve are allies of one another, in terms of ˹mutual˺ support and inheritance, and so there is no inheriting between you and them. Unless you do this, ˹unless˺ you ally yourselves with the believers and sever relations with the disbelievers, there will be sedition in the land and great corruption, with disbelief gaining power and Islam becoming weak.
القرآن:٨:٧٣

وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ إِلَّا تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ  

{والذين كفروا بعضهم أولياء بعض} في النصرة والإرث فلا إرث بينكم وبينهم {إلا تفعلوه} أي تولي المسلمين وقمع الكفار {تكن فتنة في الأرض وفساد كبير} بقوة الكفر وضعف الإسلام.
quran:8:74

But those who have believed and emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and aided - it is they who are the believers, truly. For them is forgiveness and noble provision.  

And those who believed and emigrated and strove for the way of God, and those who provided refuge and assisted — those are the true believers, and for them is forgiveness and a generous provision, in Paradise.
القرآن:٨:٧٤

وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا ۚ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ  

{والذين آمنوا وهاجروا وجاهدوا في سبيل الله والذين آوَوْا ونصروا أولئك هم المؤمنون حقا لهم مغفرة ورزق كريم} في الجنة.
quran:8:75

And those who believed after ˹the initial emigration˺ and emigrated and fought with you - they are of you. But those of ˹blood˺ relationship are more entitled ˹to inheritance˺ in the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.  

And those who believed afterwards, that is, after the first believers and emigrants, and emigrated and strove with you — they are of you, O Muhājirūn and Ansār; and those related by blood, kinsmen, are nearer to one another, in terms of inheritance, than ˹those who share˺ inheritance on account of ˹their common˺ faith and emigration mentioned in the previous verse, according to the Book of God, the Preserved Tablet (al-lawh almahfūz). Truly God is Knower of all things, including the wisdom regarding ˹the rules of˺ inheritance. Medinese ˹entirely˺, or ˹Medinese˺ except for the last two verses ending with verse 130 ˹which are Meccan˺, or ˹Medinese˺ except for one verse. The basmala, ‘In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful’, does not preface this ˹sūra˺ because the Prophet (s) was not commanded to ˹recite˺ it ˹in this way˺, as may be understood from a hadīth reported by al-Hākim, in which he states ˹by way of an isnād˺ from ‘Alī that the basmala is ˹invoked˺ for ‘security’ (amān), whereas this ˹sūra˺ was revealed to remove security by way of the sword. According to ˹a hadīth related˺ by Hudhayfa ˹b. al-Yamān˺: ‘You call it the sūra of Repentance, but it is actually the sūra of Chastisement (al-‘adhāb)’. Al-Bukhārī reported ˹by way of an isnād˺ from al-Barā’ ˹b. ‘Āzib˺ that this was the last sūra to be revealed.
القرآن:٨:٧٥

وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْ بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا مَعَكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ  

{والذين آمنوا من بعد} أي بعد السابقين إلى الإيمان والهجرة {وهاجروا وجاهدوا معكم فأولئك منكم} أيها المهاجرون والأنصار {وأولو الأرحام} ذوو القرابات {بعضهم أوْلى ببعض} في الإرث من التوارث في الإيمان والهجرة المذكورة في الآية السابقة {في كتاب الله} اللوح المحفوظ {إن الله بكل شيء عليم} ومنه حكمة الميراث.