9. Sūrat al-Tawbah

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة

9.11 The number of months in the book of God is twelve, of which four are sacred.

٩۔١١ مقطع في سُورَةُ التوبَة

quran:9:36

Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve ˹lunar˺ months in the register of Allah ˹from˺ the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous ˹who fear Him˺.  

Verily the number of months, used to reckon the year, with God is twelve months in the Book of God, the Preserved Tablet (al-lawh al-mahfūz), from the day that He created the heavens and the earth; four of them, that is, the months, are sacred, inviolable: Dhū’l-Qa‘da, Dhū’l-Hijja, Muharram and Rajab. That, making of them sacred, is the right, the upright, religion. So do not wrong yourselves during them, during these sacred months, with acts of disobedience, for their burden ˹of sin˺ is greater therein; but it is also said to mean ˹do not wrong yourselves˺ at any time during all the months ˹of the year˺. And fight the idolaters altogether, all of them, throughout the months, even as they fight you altogether; and know that God is with those who fear Him, supporting and assisting ˹them˺.
القرآن:٩:٣٦

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{إن عدة الشهور} المعتد بها للسنة {عند الله اثنا عشر شهرا في كتاب الله} اللوح المحفوظ {يوم خلق السماوات والأرض منها} أي الشهور {أربعة حرم} محرَّمة ذو القعدة وذو الحجة والمحرم ورجب {ذلك} أي تحريمها {الدين القيم} المستقيم {فلا تظلموا فيهن} أي الأشهر الحرم {أنفسكم} بالمعاصي فإنها فيها أعظم وزرا وقيل في الأشهر كلها {وقاتلوا المشركين كافة} جميعا في كل الشهور {كما يقاتلونكم كافة واعلموا أن الله مع المتقين} بالعون والنصر.
quran:9:37

Indeed, the postponing ˹of restriction within sacred months˺ is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led ˹further˺ astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to correspond to the number made unlawful by Allah and ˹thus˺ make lawful what Allah has made unlawful. Made pleasing to them is the evil of their deeds; and Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.  

Postponement ˹of the sacred month˺ — that is, the deferment of the sacredness of a given month to another, as they used to do during paganism, such as postponing the sacredness of Muharram, if it arrives while they are at war, to Safar — is only an excess of unbelief, because of their rejection of God’s ruling thereof, whereby those who disbelieve are led astray (yudallu may also be read yadillu, ‘˹they˺ go astray’), one year they make it, the month postponed, profane, and hallow it another, that they may make up, by profaning one month and hallowing another in its place, the number, of months, which God has hallowed, such that they do not hallow more, or less, than the four months, but without observing the individual months themselves; and so they profane what God has hallowed. Their evil deeds have been adorned for them, such that they deem them to be good ˹deeds˺; and God does not guide the disbelieving folk.
القرآن:٩:٣٧

إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ۚ زُيِّنَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ أَعْمَالِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{إنما النسيء} أي التأخير لحرمة شهر إلى آخر كما كانت الجاهلية تفعله من تأخير حرمة المحرم إذا هلَّ وهم في القتال إلى صفر {زيادة في الكفر} لكفرهم بحكم الله فيه {يُضَلٌ} بضم الياء وفتحها {به الذين كفروا يحلونه} أي النسيء {عاما ويحرمونه عاما ليواطئوا} يوافقوا بتحليل شهر وتحريم آخر بدله {عدة} عدد {ما حرم الله} من الأشهر فلا يزيدوا على تحريم أربعة ولا ينقصوا ولا ينظروا إلى أعيانها {فيحلوا ما حرم الله زُيِّن لهم سوء أعمالهم} فظنوه حسنا {والله لا يهدي القوم الكافرين}.