9. Sūrat al-Tawbah

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة

9.14 Excuses of the hypocrites for not bearing arms against the disbelievers.

٩۔١٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ التوبَة

quran:9:49

And among them is he who says, "Permit me ˹to remain at home˺ and do not put me to trial." Unquestionably, into trial they have fallen. And indeed, Hell will encompass the disbelievers.  

And there are some of them who say, ‘Grant me leave, to stay behind, and do not lead me into temptation’: this was al-Jadd b. Qays, to whom the Prophet (s) said, ‘Will you do battle against the Byzantines?’, and to which he replied, ‘I am infatuated with women, and I fear that if I were to see these Byzantine women, I shall not be able to stay away from them and be led into temptation’. God, exalted be He, says: Surely they have ˹already˺ fallen into temptation!, by staying behind (a variant reading ˹for saqatū, ‘they have fallen’˺ has ˹the singular form˺ saqat, ‘he has fallen’). And surely Hell shall encompass the disbelievers, for whom there shall be no escape therefrom.
القرآن:٩:٤٩

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ  

{ومنهم من يقول ائذن لي} في التخلف {ولا تفتنِّي} وهو الجد بن قيس قال له النبي ﷺ هل لك في جلاد بني الأصفر؟ فقال: إني مغرّم بالنساء وأخشى إن رأيت ُ نساء بني الأصفر ألا أصبر عنهن فأُفتتن، قال تعالى: {ألا في الفتنة سقطوا} بالتخلُّف، وقرئ سقط {وإن جهنم لمحيطة بالكافرين} لا محيص لهم عنها.
quran:9:50

If good befalls you, it distresses them; but if disaster strikes you, they say, "We took our matter ˹in hand˺ before," and turn away while they are rejoicing.  

If good fortune, such as a victory or ˹a taking of˺ some spoils, befalls you, it vexes them; but if an affliction, some hardship, befalls you, they say, ‘We took our precaution, judiciously — when we stayed behind — before’, before this act of disobedience; and they turn away, rejoicing, at what has afflicted you.
القرآن:٩:٥٠

إِنْ تُصِبْكَ حَسَنَةٌ تَسُؤْهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْكَ مُصِيبَةٌ يَقُولُوا قَدْ أَخَذْنَا أَمْرَنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ  

{إن تصبك حسنة} كنصر وغنيمة {تسؤهم وإن تصبك مصيبة} شدة {يقولوا قد أخذنا أمرنا} بالحزم حين تخلفنا {من قبل} قبل هذه المعصية {ويتولَّوا وهم فرحون} بما أصابك.
quran:9:51

Say, "Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us; He is our protector." And upon Allah let the believers rely.  

Say, to them: ‘Nothing shall afflict us but that which God has decreed for us, that we be afflicted thereby; He is our Protector, our Helper and the One in charge of our affairs; in God let the believers put their trust’.
القرآن:٩:٥١

قُلْ لَنْ يُصِيبَنَا إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنَا هُوَ مَوْلَانَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ  

{قل} لهم {لن يصيبنا إلا ما كتب الله لنا} إصابته {هو مولانا} ناصرنا ومتولي أمورنا {وعلى الله فيتوكل المؤمنون}.
quran:9:52

Say, "Do you await for us except one of the two best things while we await for you that Allah will afflict you with punishment from Himself or at our hands? So wait; indeed we, along with you, are waiting."  

Say: ‘Are you waiting (tarabbasūn: one of the two original tā’ letters ˹in tatarabbasūn˺ has been omitted) for anything, to occur, for us but one of the two fair things, ˹the two fair˺ outcomes? (husnayayn is the dual form of husnā, which is the feminine form of ahsan), that is, victory or martyrdom? We are waiting in your case too, for God to afflict you with a chastisement from Him, with a calamity from the heaven, or at our hands, should we be given permission to fight you. So wait, for this to ˹befall˺ us, we are also waiting with you’, your end.
القرآن:٩:٥٢

قُلْ هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَا إِلَّا إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ ۖ وَنَحْنُ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمْ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ أَوْ بِأَيْدِينَا ۖ فَتَرَبَّصُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُتَرَبِّصُونَ  

{قل هل تربصون} فيه حذف إحدى التاءين من الأصل أي تنتظرون أن يقع {بنا إلا إحدى} العاقبتين {الحسنيين} تثنية حسنى تأنيث أحسن: النصر أو الشهادة {ونحن نتربص} ننتظر {بكم أن يصيبكم الله بعذاب من عنده} بقارعة من السماء {أو بأيدينا} بأن يؤذن لنا في قتالكم {فتربصوا} بنا ذلك {إنا معكم متربِّصون} عاقبتكم.
quran:9:53

Say, "Spend willingly or unwillingly; never will it be accepted from you. Indeed, you have been a defiantly disobedient people."  

Say: ‘Expend, in obedience to God, willingly or unwillingly, it, what you expend, shall not be accepted from you; you are surely a wicked folk’ (the imperative statement here ˹also˺ functions as a predicate).
القرآن:٩:٥٣

قُلْ أَنْفِقُوا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا لَنْ يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكُمْ ۖ إِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ  

{قل أنفقوا} في طاعة الله {طوعا أو كرها لن يتقبل منكم} ما أنفقتموه {إنكم كننتم قوما فاسقين} والأمر هنا بمعنى الخبر.
quran:9:54

And what prevents their expenditures from being accepted from them but that they have disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger and that they come not to prayer except while they are lazy and that they do not spend except while they are unwilling.  

And nothing prevents their expenditure from being accepted (read as yuqbala or tuqbala) from them, but that they (innahum is the subject of the verb, while an tuqbala, ‘being accepted’ constitutes the object) have disbelieved in God and His Messenger, and that they do not come to ˹perform˺ prayer save as idlers, sluggishly, and that they do not expend without their being reluctant, to expend, for they consider it a financial penalty.
القرآن:٩:٥٤

وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَىٰ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ  

{وما منعهم أن تُقبل} بالياء والتاء {منهم نفقاتهم إلا أنهم} فاعل وأن تقبل مفعول {كفروا بالله وبرسوله ولا يأتون الصلاة إلا وهم كسالى} متثاقلون {ولا ينفقون إلا وهم كارهون} النفقة لأنهم يعدونها مغرما.
quran:9:55

So let not their wealth or their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in worldly life and that their souls should depart ˹at death˺ while they are disbelievers.  

So do not let their wealth or their children please you, that is, do not deem fair Our graces to them, for this is a ˹way of˺ drawing ˹them˺ on by degrees ˹to punish them˺: God only desires thereby to chastise them in the life of this world, by way of the hardship that they encounter in amassing such ˹wealth and children˺ and the calamities ˹they suffer˺ as a result thereof; and that their souls should depart while they are disbelievers, so He punishes them in the Hereafter with the worst punishment.
القرآن:٩:٥٥

فَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ  

{فلا تعجبْك أموالهم ولا أولادهم} أي لا تستحسن نعمنا عليهم فهي استدراج {إنَّمَا يريد الله ليعذبهم} أي أن يعذبهم {بها في الحياة الدنيا} بما يلقون في جمعها من المشقة وفيها من المصائب {وتزهَق} تخرج {أنفسهم وهم كافرون} فيعذبهم في الآخرة أشد العذاب.
quran:9:56

And they swear by Allah that they are from among you while they are not from among you; but they are a people who are afraid.  

And they swear by God that they truly are of you, that is, ˹that they are˺ believers; but they are not of you; they are a folk who are afraid, that you should deal with them as you have done with the idolaters, and so they swear merely in pretence, in order to protect themselves.
القرآن:٩:٥٦

وَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَمِنْكُمْ وَمَا هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ يَفْرَقُونَ  

{ويحلفون بالله إنهم لمنكم} أي مؤمنون {وما هم منكم ولكنهم قوم يفرقون} يخافون أن تفعلوا بهم كالمشركين فيحلفون تقية.
quran:9:57

If they could find a refuge or some caves or any place to enter ˹and hide˺, they would turn to it while they run heedlessly.  

If they could find a shelter, in which to seek refuge, or some caverns, underground chambers, or any place to enter, they would turn and bolt away to it, they would hasten to enter it and get away from you with the undeterred speed of an indomitable steed.
القرآن:٩:٥٧

لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَغَارَاتٍ أَوْ مُدَّخَلًا لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ  

{لو يجدون ملجأً} يلجأون إليه {أو مغارات} سراديب {أو مُدَّخَلا} موضعاً يدخلونه {لَوَلَّوْا إليه وهم يجمحون} يسرعون في دخوله والانصراف عنكم إسراعا لا يرده شيء كالفرس الجموح.
quran:9:58

And among them are some who criticize you concerning the ˹distribution of˺ charities. If they are given from them, they approve; but if they are not given from them, at once they become angry.  

Some of them defame you concerning the, apportioning of, voluntary almsgivings; if they are given a share of them, they are content, but if they are given none then they are enraged.
القرآن:٩:٥٨

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ  

{ومنهم من يلمزك} يعيبك {في} قَسْم {الصدقات فإن أُعطوا منها رضوا وإن لم يُعْطوْا منها إذا هم يسخطون}.
quran:9:59

If only they had been satisfied with what Allah and His Messenger gave them and said, "Sufficient for us is Allah; Allah will give us of His bounty, and ˹so will˺ His Messenger; indeed, we are desirous toward Allah," ˹it would have been better for them˺.  

If only they had been content with what God and His Messenger have given them, in the way of spoils and the like, and had said, ‘Sufficient for us is God; God will give us from His bounty, and His Messenger ˹will also give us˺, from other spoils, what will suffice us; to God we are suppliants’, that He enrich us (the response of ˹the conditional˺ law, ‘if only’, is la-kāna khayran lahum, ‘it would have been better for them’).
القرآن:٩:٥٩

وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ سَيُؤْتِينَا اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ إِنَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ رَاغِبُونَ  

{ولو أنهم رضوا ما آتاهم الله ورسوله} من الغنائم ونحوها {وقالوا حسبنا} كافينا {الله سيؤتينا الله من فضله ورسوله} من غنيمة أخرى ما يكفينا {إنا إلى الله راغبون} أن يغنينا وجواب لو لكان خيرا لهم.