9. Sūrat al-Tawbah

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة

9.22 Behavior of the hypocrites.

٩۔٢٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ التوبَة

quran:9:75

And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, ˹saying˺, "If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous."  

And some of them have made a covenant with God ˹saying˺: ‘If He gives us of His bounty, we will give voluntary alms (la-nassaddaqanna: the original tā’ ˹of natasaddaqanna˺ has been assimilated with the sād) and become of the righteous’: this was Tha‘laba b. Hātib, who asked the Prophet (s) to supplicate on his behalf so that God would give him wealth, of which he would give every needy person his due. He ˹the Prophet˺ thus supplicated for him and he became wealthy, but stopped attending the Friday prayer and congregational prayers and refused to pay the alms-tax, as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٩:٧٥

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ  

{ومنهم من عاهد الله لئن آتانا من فضله لنصًّدقن} فيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في الصاد {ولنكونن من الصالحين} وهو ثعلبة بن حاطب سأل النبي ﷺ أن يدعو له أن يرزقه الله مالا ويؤدي منه كل ذي حق حقه فدعا له فوسع عليه فانقطع عن الجمعة والجماعة ومنع الزكاة كما قال تعالى.
quran:9:76

But when he gave them from His bounty, they were stingy with it and turned away while they refused.  

Yet when He gave them of His bounty, they became niggardly with it and turned away, from obedience to God, in aversion.
القرآن:٩:٧٦

فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ  

{فلما آتاهم من فضله بخلوا به وتولَّوْا} عن طاعة الله {وهم معرضون}.
quran:9:77

So He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day they will meet Him - because they failed Allah in what they promised Him and because they ˹habitually˺ used to lie.  

So He made the consequence in their case hypocrisy, fixed, in their hearts, until the day they meet Him, that is, God, on the Day of Resurrection, because they failed God in what they promised Him and because, of that concerning which, they lied: he ˹Tha‘laba˺ then brought ˹the payment of˺ his alms to the Prophet (s), who said to him, ‘God has forbidden me to accept ˹it˺ from you’; so he ˹Tha‘laba˺ began to throw earth on his head ˹in remorse˺. He then approached Abū Bakr with it, who did not accept it. He then went to ‘Umar ˹b. al-Khattāb˺, who also did not accept it. He went to ‘Uthmān ˹b. ‘Affān˺, but he did not accept it; he died during the latter’s reign.
القرآن:٩:٧٧

فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ  

{فأعقبهم} أي فصير عاقبتهم {نفاقا} ثابتا {في قلوبهم إلى يوم يلقونه} أي الله وهو يوم القيامة {بما أخلفوا الله ما وعدوه وبما كانوا يكذبون} فيه فجاء بعد ذلك إلى النبي ﷺ بزكاته فقال إن الله منعني أن أقبل منك، فجعل يحثو التراب على رأسه ثم جاء إلى أبي بكر فلم يقبلها ثم إلى عمر فلم يقبلها ثم إلى عثمان فلم يقبلها ومات في زمانه.
quran:9:78

Did they not know that Allah knows their secrets and their private conversations and that Allah is the Knower of the unseen?  

Did they, the hypocrites, not know that God knows their secret, what they conceal within themselves, and their confidential talks, what they confide in each other, and that God is the Knower of the hidden things?, what is concealed from the eyes.
القرآن:٩:٧٨

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ  

{ألم يعلموا} أي المنافقون {أن الله يعلم سرهم} ما أسروه في أنفسهم {ونجواهم} ما تناجوا به بينهم {وأنّ الله علام الغيوب} ما غاب عن العيان ولما نزلت آية الصدقة جاء رجل فتصدق بشيء كثير فقال المنافقون: مُراءٍ وجاء رجل فتصدق بصاع فقالوا: إنّ الله غني عن صدقة هذا فنزل.
quran:9:79

Those who criticize the contributors among the believers concerning ˹their˺ charities and ˹criticize˺ the ones who find nothing ˹to spend˺ except their effort, so they ridicule them - Allah will ridicule them, and they will have a painful punishment.  

When the verse concerning ‘voluntary alms’ ˹Q. 9:75˺ was revealed, a man came and gave a large amount as voluntary alms, so the hypocrites said, ‘He is ˹merely˺ showing off!’ Another man then came and gave a ˹moderate˺ measure ˹of food˺, and so they said, ‘God has no need of this man’s charity!’ The following was then revealed: Those who (alladhīna is the subject) find fault with, defame, the believers who offer alms voluntarily, performing supererogation, and such as find nothing ˹to offer˺ but their endeavours, ˹nothing but˺ what they are capable of, and offer it; and deride them (and the predicate ˹of the mentioned subject˺ is ˹the following˺) — God ˹Himself˺ derides them, He has requited them for their derision, and theirs will be a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٩:٧٩

الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{الذين} مبتدأ {يلمزون} يعيبون {المطوعين} المتنفلين {من المؤمنين في الصدقات والذين لا يجدون إلا جهدهم} طاقتهم فيأتون به {فيسخرون منهم} والخبر {سخر الله منهم} جازاهم على سخريتهم {ولهم عذاب أليم}.
quran:9:80

Ask forgiveness for them, ˹O Muhammad˺, or do not ask forgiveness for them. If you should ask forgiveness for them seventy times - never will Allah forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.  

Ask forgiveness for them, O Muhammad (s), or do not ask forgiveness for them: this leaves the choice of asking forgiveness, or refraining, up to him; the Prophet (s) said, ‘I have been given the choice, and I made it’, meaning ˹the choice˺ to ask forgiveness, as reported by al-Bukhārī. If you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, God will not forgive them: it is said that the ‘seventy’ is intended to express ˹by hyperbole˺ a great frequency of asking forgiveness. In ˹the Sahīh of˺ al-Bukhārī there is a hadīth ˹which states˺: ‘If I was sure that were I to ask more than seventy times, God would forgive ˹them˺, I would have done so’. It is also said, however, that the very number ˹seventy˺ is actually meant, on account of this other hadīth of his: ‘I shall ask more than seventy times’, whereupon it was made clear to him ˹the Prophet˺ that the matter regarding forgiveness had been concluded by the verse, ˹Q. 63:6˺ Alike it will be regarding them: whether you ask forgiveness for them or you do not ask forgiveness for them ˹God will not forgive them˺; that is because they disbelieved in God and His Messenger; and God does not guide the wicked folk.
القرآن:٩:٨٠

اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

(استغفر) يا محمد (لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم) تخيير له في الاستغفار وتركه قال ﷺ : "" إني خيرت فاخترت يعني الاستغفار "" رواه البخاري (إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم) قيل المراد بالسبعين المبالغة في كثرة الاستغفار وفي البخاري حديث "" لو أعلم أني لو زدت على السبعين غفر لزدت عليها "" وقيل المراد العدد المخصوص لحديثه أيضاً "" وسأزيد على السبعين "" فبين له حسم المغفرة بآية [سواء عليهم استغفرت لهم أم لم تستغفر لهم] (ذلك بأنهم كفروا بالله ورسوله والله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين).