9. Sūrat al-Tawbah

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة

9.24 Genuine exemptions from the battlefront.

٩۔٢٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ التوبَة

quran:9:90

And those with excuses among the bedouins came to be permitted ˹to remain˺, and they who had lied to Allah and His Messenger sat ˹at home˺. There will strike those who disbelieved among them a painful punishment.  

And those Bedouins who had an excuse (al-mu‘adhdhirūn: the original tā’ has been assimilated with the dāl, in other words ˹it would usually be read as˺ al-mu‘tadhirūn, which ˹itself˺ is a variant reading), those ˹of them who were˺ excused, ˹came˺ to the Prophet (s), asking for leave, to stay behind on account of their excuses, and so he gave them leave to do so. And those who lied to God and His Messenger, by feigning belief, ˹those˺ hypocrites among the Bedouin, stayed behind, ˹refraining˺ from coming to give ˹their˺ excuses — a painful chastisement shall befall those of them who disbelieve.
القرآن:٩:٩٠

وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{وجاء المعذِّرون} بإدغام التاء في الأصل في الدال أي المعتذرون بمعنى المعذورين وقرئ به {من الأعراب} إلى النبي ﷺ {ليؤذن لهم} في القعود لعذرهم فأذن لهم {وقعد الذين كذبوا الله ورسوله} في ادعاء الإيمان من منافقي الأعراب عن المجيء للاعتذار {سيصيب الذين كفروا منهم عذاب أليم}.
quran:9:91

There is not upon the weak or upon the ill or upon those who do not find anything to spend any discomfort when they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger. There is not upon the doers of good any cause ˹for blame˺. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

As for the weak, such as the old, and the sick, the blind and the chronically ill, and those who find nothing to expend, for the struggle, no blame, no sin, falls upon them, should they stay away from it, if they remain true to God and to His Messenger, when they stay behind, by not spreading false rumours or impeding ˹others from joining the struggle˺, but by ˹adhering to˺ obedience. There is no way ˹of blame˺, no way of reproach, against those who are virtuous, through such ˹behaviour˺. And God is Forgiving, Merciful, to them, by granting them such leeway ˹in this matter˺.
القرآن:٩:٩١

لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَىٰ وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{ليس على الضعفاء} كالشيوخ {ولا على المرضى} كالعمي والزمنى {ولا على الذين لا يجدون ما ينفقون} في الجهاد {حرج} إثم في التخلف عنه {إذا نصحوا لله ورسوله} في حال قعودهم بعدم الإرجاف والتثبيط والطاعة {ما على المحسنين} بذلك {من سبيل} طريق بالمؤاخذة {والله غفور} لهم {رحيم} بهم في التوسعة في ذلك.
quran:9:92

Nor ˹is there blame˺ upon those who, when they came to you that you might give them mounts, you said, "I can find nothing for you to ride upon." They turned back while their eyes overflowed with tears out of grief that they could not find something to spend ˹for the cause of Allah˺.  

Nor against those who, when they came to you so that you might give them a mount, ˹to ride˺ with you on the raid — these were seven men of the Ansār; but it is also said that they were the Banū Muqrin — you having said to them, ‘I cannot find ˹a mount˺ whereon to mount you’ (this ˹last sentence˺ is a circumstantial qualifier), turned back (this is the response to the ˹clause beginning with˺ idhā, ‘when’), that is, they departed, their eyes flowing, pouring, with tears (min al-dam‘i: min is explicative) for sorrow that they could not find the means to expend, for the ˹campaign˺ struggle.
القرآن:٩:٩٢

وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ  

{ولا على الذين إذا ما أتوك لتحملهم} معك إلى الغزو وهم سبعة من الأنصار وقيل بنو مقرن {قلتَ لا أجد ما أحملكم عليه} حال {تولَّوا} جواب إذا أي انصرفوا {وأعينهم تفيض} تسيل {من} للبيان {الدمع حزنا} لأجل {ألا يجدوا ما ينفقون} في الجهاد.
quran:9:93

The cause ˹for blame˺ is only upon those who ask permission of you while they are rich. They are satisfied to be with those who stay behind, and Allah has sealed over their hearts, so they do not know.  

The way ˹of blame˺ is only against those who ask leave of you, to stay behind, when they are rich. They are content to be with those who stay behind and God has set a seal on their hearts, so that they do not know: a similar statement has already been made.
القرآن:٩:٩٣

إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۚ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{إنما السَّبيل على الذين يستأذنوك} في التخلُّف {وهم أغنياء رضوا بأن يكونوا مع الخوالف وطبع الله على قلوبهم فهم لا يعلمون} تقدم مثله.