9. Sūrat al-Tawbah

٩۔ سُورَةُ التوبَة

9.30 Believers are those who prefer the life of the Messenger over their own. Requirement of obtaining understanding of religion.

٩۔٣٠ مقطع في سُورَةُ التوبَة

quran:9:119

O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are true.  

O you who believe, fear God, by refraining from ˹acts of˺ disobedience to Him, and be with those who are truthful, in ˹their˺ faith and covenants, by adhering to sincerity.
القرآن:٩:١١٩

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَكُونُوا مَعَ الصَّادِقِينَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله} بترك معاصيه {وكونوا مع الصادقين} في الإيمان والعهود بأن تلزموا الصدق.
quran:9:120

It was not ˹proper˺ for the people of Madinah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after ˹the departure of˺ the Messenger of Allah or that they prefer themselves over his self. That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allah, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.  

It is not for the people of Medina and for the Bedouins ˹who dwell˺ around them to stay behind God’s Messenger, when he sets out on a campaign, and to prefer their lives to his life, by guarding them against hardships which he ˹the Prophet˺ is content ˹to suffer˺ himself (this statement is a prohibition expressed as a predicate); that, prohibition against staying behind, is because neither thirst nor toil nor hunger afflicts them in the way of God, nor tread they any tread (mawti’an is a verbal noun, meaning wat’an) that enrages the disbelievers, nor gain any gain from the enemy, of God, be it through slaughter, capture or plunder, but a righteous deed is therefore recorded for them, that they may be rewarded for it. Truly God does not leave the wage of the virtuous to go to waste, that is, the wage of those ˹mentioned˺, rather He rewards them.
القرآن:٩:١٢٠

مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَرْغَبُوا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ وَلَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَئُونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ الْكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَيْلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُمْ بِهِ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{ما كان لأهل المدينة ومن حولهم من الأعراب أن يتخلفوا عن رسول الله} إذا غزا {ولا يرغبوا بأنفسهم عن نفسه} بأن يصونوها عما رضيه لنفسه من الشدائد، وهو نهي بلفظ الخبر {ذلك} أي النهي عن التخلف {بأنهم} بسبب أنهم {لا يصيبهم ظمأ} عطش {ولا نصب} تعب {ولا مخمصة} جوع {في سبيل الله ولا يطؤون موطئا} مصدر بمعنى وطأ {يغيظ} يغضب {الكفار ولا ينالون من عدو} لله {نيلا} قتلا أو أسرا أو نهبا {إلا كتب لهم به عمل صالح} ليجازوا عليه {إن الله لا يضيع أجر المحسنين} أي أجرهم بل يثيبهم.
quran:9:121

Nor do they spend an expenditure, small or large, or cross a valley but that it is registered for them that Allah may reward them for the best of what they were doing.  

Nor expend they, therein ˹in the way of God˺, any sum, small, even if it be a single date, or great, nor do they cross a valley, during a ˹campaign˺ march, but it is recorded for them, as a righteous deed, that God may reward them the best of what they used to do, that is, the ˹due˺ reward thereof.
القرآن:٩:١٢١

وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ نَفَقَةً صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً وَلَا يَقْطَعُونَ وَادِيًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُمْ لِيَجْزِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ  

{ولا ينفقون} فيه {نفقة صغيرة} ولو تمرة {ولا كبيرة ولا يقطعون واديا} بالسير {إلا كُتب لهم} به عمل صالح {ليجزيهم الله أحسن ما كانوا يعملون} أي جزاءهم.
quran:9:122

And it is not for the believers to go forth ˹to battle˺ all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group ˹remaining˺ to obtain understanding in the religion and warn their people when they return to them that they might be cautious.  

When the Prophet (s) was about to dispatch a raiding party — after they ˹certain Muslims˺ had been reproached for staying behind — all of them went forth, and so the following was revealed: It is not for the believers to go forth, on a raid, altogether: why should not a party, a group, of every section, of every tribe, of them go forth, while the others remain behind, so that they, those who remain behind, may become learned in religion and that they may warn their folk when they return to them, from the raid, by teaching them some of the rulings which they have come to learn, so that they may beware? of God’s punishment, by adhering to His commands and prohibitions. Ibn ‘Abbās said that this ˹verse˺ is specifically ˹intended˺ for raiding parties, while the previous one is ˹specifically˺ to prohibit any individual staying behind when the Prophet (s) sets out ˹on a campaign˺.
القرآن:٩:١٢٢

وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً ۚ فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَلِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ  

ولما وبِّخوا على التخلف وأرسل النبي ﷺ سرية نفروا جميعا فنزل {وما كان المؤمنون لينفروا} إلى الغزو {كافة فلولا} فهلا {نفر من كلِّّّّ فرقة} قبيلة {منهم طائفة} جماعة، ومكث الباقون {ليتفقَّهوا} أي الماكثون {في الدين ولينذروا قومهم إذا رجعوا إليهم} من الغزو بتعليمهم ما تعلموه من الأحكام {لعلهم يحذرون} عقاب الله بامتثال أمره ونهيه، قال ابن عباس فهذه مخصوصة بالسرايا، والتي قبلها بالنهي عن تخلُّف واحد فيما إذا خرج النبي ﷺ .