51. Chapter
٥١۔ كِتَابُ الدِّيَاتِ
[Machine] That two women from this group threw stones at each other, causing one of them to miscarry her fetus. The Prophet ﷺ ruled that it was the fetus of a slave or a slave woman. According to the narration of Al-Shafi'i, it was the fetus of a slave or a free-born child. Ibn Wahb's narration adds that these two women were from the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .
أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ فَطَرَحَتْ جَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ وَفِي حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ وَكَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ زَادَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave his verdict about two ladies of the Hudhail tribe who had fought each other and one of them had hit the other with a stone. The stone hit her ʿAbdomen and as she was pregnant, the blow killed the child in her womb. They both filed their case with the Prophet ﷺ and he judged that the blood money for what was in her womb. was a slave or a female slave. The guardian of the lady who was fined said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Shall I be fined for a creature that has neither drunk nor eaten, neither spoke nor cried? A case like that should be nullified." On that the Prophet ﷺ said, "This is one of the brothers of soothsayers. (Using translation from Bukhārī 5758)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ اقْتَتَلَتَا فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ فَأَصَابَ بَطْنَهَا وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ فَقَتَلَتْ وَلَدَهَا الَّذِي فِي بَطْنِهَا فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِيهَا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ دِيَةَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ فَقَالَ وَلِيُّ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي غَرِمَتْ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَنْ لَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ إِلَّا أَنَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسَافِرٍ
[Machine] Two women from the tribe of Hudhayl fought, and one of them threw a stone at the other, hitting her stomach and causing her death. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided that the killer's blood money should be paid by the family of the victim, because the fetus she carried was a slave or a servant. One person questioned, "How can we hold accountable someone who does not eat, drink, speak, or perform any actions?" The Prophet ﷺ responded, "As Abu Hurairah claims, such people are classified as the siblings of soothsayers."
اقْتَتَلَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ مِنْ هُذَيُلٍ فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ فَأَصَابَتْ بَطْنَهَا فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَأَلْقَتْ جَنِينًا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِدِيَتِهَا عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الْأُخْرَى وَفِي الْجَنِينِ غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ كَيْفَ نَعْقِلُ مَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُ وَلَا يَشْرَبُ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ كَمَا زَعَمَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ
[Machine] He said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled in favor of a woman from the Bani Lihyan tribe regarding a debt owed to her by a male or female slave. Then, the woman who had the debt ruled in her favor passed away, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that her inheritance would go to her children and husband. And, it is deemed that the intellect follows the lineage. This is the wording of the narration from Qutaybah, and in the narration from Ibn Bukayr, it is mentioned that a fetus from a woman from the Bani Kinanah tribe miscarried. And in the narration from Al-Tayalisi, it is mentioned that a woman from the Bani Lihyan tribe hit another woman who was pregnant and caused her to miscarry, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that the price for the loss of the fetus should be a male or female slave. He said then the woman who had the intellect passed away, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that the intellect follows the lineage and that her inheritance goes to her husband and children.
أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي جَنِينِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي قَضَى عَلَيْهَا بِالْغُرَّةِ تُوُفِّيَتْ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِبَنِيهَا وَزَوْجِهَا وَأَنَّ الْعَقْلَ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ قُتَيْبَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ فِي جَنِينِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ سَقَطَ مَيِّتًا وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ ضَرَبَتْ أُخْرَى كَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَأَمْلَصَتْ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي إِمْلَاصِ الْمَرْأَةِ غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ قَالَ فَتُوُفِّيَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي كَانَ عَلَيْهَا الْعَقْلُ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَنَّ الْعَقْلَ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا وَأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِزَوْجِهَا وَبَنِيهَا
the Messenger of Allah ruled that for a fetus which is killed in the mother's womb, a male or female slave be given (as Diyah). The one against whom he passed this ruling said: "How can I pay blood money for one who neither ate nor drank, or shouted or cried (at the moment of birth)? Such a one should be overlooked." The Messenger of Allah said: "This is one of the soothsayers."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4820)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ يُقْتَلُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ فَقَالَ الَّذِي قَضَى عَلَيْهِ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَا لَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ
Two women of Hudhail fought together and one of them threw a stone at the other and killed her. They brought their dispute to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who gave judgement that a male or female slave of the best quality should be given as compensation for her unborn child, and he fixed it to be paid by the woman's relatives on the father's side. He made her sons and those who were with them her heirs. Hamal b. Malik b. al-Nabighah al-Hudhali said: Messenger of Allah ! how should I be fined for one who has not drunk, or eaten or spoken, or raised his voice? - adding that compensation is not to be paid for such (an offense). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This man simply belong to the soothsayers on account of his rhymed prose which he has used. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4576)
اقْتَتَلَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَاخْتَصَمُوا فِي الدِّيَةِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَضَى أَنَّ دِيَةَ جَنِينِهَا غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ وَقَضَى بِدِيَتِهَا عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهَا وَوَرَّثَهَا وَلَدَهَا وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ فَقَالَ حَمَلُ بْنُ نَابِغَةَ الْهُذَلِيُّ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ مِنْ أَجْلِ سَجْعِهِ الَّذِي سَجَعَ
[Machine] He heard from the Prophet ﷺ something about the fetus, so Hamal bin Malik bin Al-Nabigha stood up and said, "I was between two women, meaning my wives, and one of them hit the other with a flat object, causing her to miscarry a dead fetus." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled on it immediately and said, "Umar, if we had not heard this, we would have ruled on it differently." And he said in another place about Umar alone, and in the hadith he said, "Umar said, 'We were almost about to rule on something like this based on our own opinion, even though we had received a narration from Ibn Juraij from Amr bin Dinar.'"
سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْجَنِينِ شَيْئًا فَقَامَ حَمَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ بَيْنَ جَارِيَتَيْنِ لِي يَعْنِي ضَرَّتَيْنِ فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِمِسْطَحٍ فَأَلْقَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا فَقَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِغُرَّةٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَوْ لَمْ نَسْمَعْ هَذَا لَقَضَيْنَا فِيهِ بِغَيْرِ هَذَا وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو وَحْدَهُ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنْ كِدْنَا أَنْ نَقْضِيَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا بِرَأْينَا وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَوْصُولًا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ
[Machine] The issue of the Prophet ﷺ in that case was that Hamal ibn Malik ibn al-Nabighah stood and said, "I was between two women, and one of them slapped the other with the palm of her hand, so she killed her and her fetus." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a decision regarding her fetus and said, "It is to be compensated with a slave." And if she is killed, meaning the female killer, then there is doubt about it. 'Amr ibn Dinar doubted it, and what is preserved is that he ruled for her blood money to be paid from the intelligent killer.
Note: The translated passage is provided as accurately as possible, but there may be slight variations in the translation due to the nature of language and cultural differences.
قَضِيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَامَ حَمَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِمِسْطَحٍ فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَجَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي جَنِينِهَا بِغُرَّةٍ وَأَنْ تُقْتَلَ كَذَا قَالَ وَإِنْ تُقْتَلَ يَعْنِي الْمَرْأَةَ الْقَاتِلَةَ ثُمَّ شَكَّ فِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ وَالْمَحْفُوظُ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِدِيَتِهَا عَلَى عَاقِلَةَ الْقَاتِلَةِ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed a ruling regarding a slave or a maid, so he said, "Bring me someone who can testify with you." So Muhammad ibn Muslima testified.
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ فَقَالَ ائْتِنِي بِمَنْ يَشْهَدُ مَعَكَ فَشَهِدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ heard about a case of a miscarriage. Al-Mugheerah bin Shu'bah said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruling on it regarding a bondwoman or a male slave. He said, 'Bring someone who witnessed this with you.'" So Muhammad bin Muslimah said, "I bear witness regarding the Prophet ﷺ on a similar matter."
سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي السِّقْطِ؟ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ أَنَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ فَقَالَ ائْتِ بِمَنْ يَشْهَدُ مَعَكَ عَلَى هَذَا فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ أَنَا أَشْهَدُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا
Should we pay indemnity for one who, neither ate, nor drank, nor made any noise, who was just like a nonentity? Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ remarked: He speaks rhymed phrases like the people of the desert. He did impose indemnity upon them. (Using translation from Muslim 1682a)
ضَرَبَتِ امْرَأَةٌ ضَرَّتَهَا فَضَرَبَتْهَا بِعَمُودِ فُسْطَاطٍ فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَذَا بَطْنِهَا فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دِيَةَ الْمَقْتُولَةِ عَلَى عَصَبَةِ الْقَاتِلَةِ وَغُرَّةً لِمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ عَصَبَةِ الْقَاتِلَةِ أَنَغْرَمُ بِدِيَةِ مَنْ لَا أَكَلَ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا صَاحَ فَاسْتَهَلَّ فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَجْعٌ كَسَجْعِ الْأَعْرَابِ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الدِّيَةَ
About the story of Haml ibn Malik, Ibn Abbas said: She aborted a child who had grown hair and was dead, and the woman also died. He (the Prophet) gave judgment that the blood-wit was to be paid by the woman's relatives on the father's side. Her uncle said: Messenger of Allah! She has aborted a child who had grown hair. The father of the woman who had slain said: He is a liar: I swear by Allah, he did not raise his voice, or drink or eat. No compensation is to be paid for an offence like this. The Prophet ﷺ said: is it a rhymed prose of pre-Islamic Arabia and its soothsaying? Pay a male or female slave of the best quality in compensation for the child. Ibn 'Abbas said: The name of one of them was Mulaikah, and the name of the other was Umm Ghutaif. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4574)
كَانَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ ضَرَّتَانِ فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا سَخَبٌ فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ فَأَسْقَطَتْ غُلَامًا قَدْ نَبَتَ شَعْرُهُ مَيِّتًا وَمَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَقَضَى عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ الدِّيَةَ فَقَالَ عَمُّهَا إِنَّهَا قَدْ أَسْقَطَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ غُلَامًا قَدْ نَبَتَ شَعْرُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاتِلَةِ إِنَّهُ كَاذِبٌ إِنَّهُ وَاللهِ مَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَلَا عَقَلَ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ فَمِثْلُهُ يُطَلُّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَسَجْعُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَهَانَتُهَا أَرَى فِي الصَّبِيِّ غُرَّةٌ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ اسْمُ إِحْدَاهُمَا مُلَيْكَةَ وَالْأُخْرَى أُمَّ غُطَيْفٍ