[Machine] While he was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, talking to the people and making them laugh, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stabbed him in the side with his finger. He said, "You hurt me!" The man said, "Take revenge." He said, "O Messenger of Allah, you have a shirt on, but I do not have a shirt." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ lifted his shirt and hugged him, then he began to kiss his chest and said, "By my father and mother, O Messenger of Allah, I wanted this."  

فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يُحَدِّثُ الْقَوْمَ وَيُضْحِكُهُمْ فَطَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأُصْبُعِهِ فِي خَاصِرَتِهِ فَقَالَ أَوْجَعْتَنِي قَالَ اقْتَصَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ عَلَيْكَ قَمِيصًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيَّ قَمِيصٌ قَالَ فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَمِيصَهُ فَاحْتَضَنَهُ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُ كَشْحَهُ فَقَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَدْتُ هَذَا  

The Prophet ﷺ sent AbuJahm ibn Hudhayfah as a collector of zakat. A man quarrelled with him about his sadaqah (i.e. zakat), and AbuJahm struck him and wounded his head. His people came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Revenge, Messenger of Allah! The Prophet ﷺ said: You may have so much and so much. But they did not agree. He again said: You may have so much and so much. But they did not agree. He again said: You may have so much and so much. So they agreed. The Prophet ﷺ said: I am going to address the people in the afternoon and tell them about your consent. They said: Yes. Addressing (the people), the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: These people of faith came to me asking for revenge. I presented them with so much and so much and they agreed. Do you agree? They said: No. The immigrants (muhajirun) intended (to take revenge) on them. But the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded them to refrain and they refrained. He then called them and increased (the amount), and asked: Do you agree? They replied: Yes. He said: I am going to address the people and tell them about your consent. They said: Yes. The Prophet ﷺ addressed and said: Do you agree? They said: Yes. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4534)   

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا جَهْمِ بْنَ حُذَيْفَةَ مُصَدِّقًا فَلَاجَّهُ رَجُلٌ فِي صَدَقَةٍ فَضَرَبَهُ أَبُو جَهْمٍ فَشَجَّهُ فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا الْقَوَدَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا فَقَالَ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا فَقَالَ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَرَضُوا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنِّي خَاطِبٌ الْعَشِيَّةَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَمُخْبِرُهُمْ بِرِضَاكُمْ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ فَخَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ اللَّيْثِيِّينَ أَتَوْنِي يُرِيدُونَ الْقَوَدَ فَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَرَضُوا أَفَرَضِيتُمْ؟ قَالُوا لَا فَهَمَّ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ بِهِمْ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ فَكَفُّوا عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَرَضِيتُمْ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ إِنِّي خَاطِبٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَمُخْبِرُهُمْ بِرِضَاكُمْ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَخَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَرَضِيتُمْ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , appointed Abu Jahl for charity, and he struck a man from the Banu Layth and caused him to bleed from his two temples. They asked him for revenge, but he refused to comply.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَ أَبَا جَهْمٍ عَلَى صَدَقَةٍ فَضَرَبَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ فَشَجَّهُ ذَا الْمُغَلَّظَتَيْنِ فَسَأَلُوهُ الْقَوَدَ فَأَرْضَاهُمْ وَلَمْ يُقِدْ مِنْهُ  

[Machine] There was a black man who used to come to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and teach him the Quran until a messenger or a group of soldiers were sent. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Send me with them." But they said, "No, you should stay with us." So Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) sent him with them and advised him to do good. He did not stay away from him except for a short period of time until his hand was cut off. When Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) saw it, his eyes filled with tears. He asked, "What happened to you?" The man said, "I did nothing but deceive him for one prayer, so he cut off my hand." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Do you find the one who did this betraying more than twenty obligations? By Allah, if you were truthful, I would have retaliated against you for that." Then he lowered his rank, but did not remove the position that he previously held. The man used to stand up at night and recite the Quran, and when Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) heard his voice, he said, "O Allah, expose whoever stole from them or something like that." Ma'mar said, "Allah, expose whoever stole from the righteous people of this house." They did not even reach midday when they found the stolen items with him. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him, "Woe to you! You are ignorant about Allah." So he commanded that his foot be cut off. Ma'mar said, "Ayub informed me from Nafi' from Ibn Umar that something similar happened except that he said, 'Why are you acting like a thief tonight?'" And the evidence in this matter lies in his statement, "By Allah, if you were truthful, I would have retaliated against you for that."  

كَانَ رَجُلٌ أَسْوَدُ يَأْتِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَيُدْنِيهِ وَيُقْرِئُهُ الْقُرْآنَ حَتَّى بَعَثَ سَاعِيًا أَوْ قَالَ سَرِيَّةً فَقَالَ أَرْسِلْنِي مَعَهُ قَالَ بَلْ تَمْكُثُ عِنْدَنَا فَأَتَى فَأَرْسَلَهُ مَعَهُ وَاسْتَوْصَى بِهِ خَيْرًا فَلَمْ يَغْبُرْ عَنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى جَاءَ قَدْ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ قَالَ مَا زِدْتُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُوَلِّينِي شَيْئًا مِنْ عَمَلِهِ فَخُنْتُهُ فَرِيضَةً وَاحِدَةً فَقَطَعَ يَدِي فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ تَجِدُونَ الَّذِي قَطَعَ هَذَا يَخُونُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ فَرِيضَةً وَاللهِ لَئِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا لَأُقِيدَنَّكَ بِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَدْنَاهُ وَلَمْ يُحَوِّلْ مَنْزِلَتَهُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَهُ مِنْهُ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ فَيَقْرَأُ فَإِذَا سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ صَوْتَهُ قَالَ يَا لَلَّهِ لِرَجُلٍ قَطَعَ هَذَا قَالَتْ فَلَمْ يَغْبُرْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى فَقَدَ آلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ حُلِيًّا لَهُمْ وَمَتَاعًا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ طُرِقَ الْحِيُّ اللَّيْلَةَ فَقَامَ الْأَقْطَعُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ الصَّحِيحَةَ وَالْأُخْرَى الَّتِي قُطِعَتْ فَقَالَ اللهُمَّ أَظْهِرْ عَلَى مَنْ سَرَقَهُمْ أَوْ نَحْوَ هَذَا وَكَانَ مَعْمَرٌ رُبَّمَا قَالَ اللهُمَّ أَظْهِرْ عَلَى مَنْ سَرَقَ أَهْلَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الصَّالِحِينَ قَالَ فَمَا انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ حَتَّى عَثَرُوا عَلَى الْمَتَاعِ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَيْلَكَ إِنَّكَ لَقَلِيلُ الْعِلْمِ بِاللهِ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ وأَخْبَرَنِي أَيُّوبُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ نَحْوَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ إِذَا سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَوْتَهُ قَالَ مَا لَيْلُكَ بِلَيْلِ سَارِقٍ وَالِاسْتِدْلَالُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَقَعَ بِقَوْلِهِ وَاللهِ لَئِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا لَأُقِيدَنَّكَ بِهِ  

[Machine] On the morning of Friday, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq stood up and said, "If it's tomorrow morning, bring the camel's charity to be divided and no one can enter without permission." Then a woman said to her husband, "Take this rope, maybe Allah will bless us with a camel." But the man refused. Abu Bakr and Umar had already entered the camels, so he entered with them. Abu Bakr turned and said, "What brought you here?" Then he took the rope from him and hit him. When Abu Bakr finished dividing the camels, he called the man and gave him the rope and said, "Sell it." Umar said, "By Allah, do not sell it as a Sunnah." Abu Bakr said, "Who would it be for me on the Day of Resurrection?" Umar replied, "His land." So Abu Bakr commanded his servant to bring his camel, its saddle, a shield, and five dinars, and he satisfied him with them.  

بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ قَامَ يَوْمَ جُمُعَةٍ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ بِالْغَدَاةِ فَاحْضُرُوا صَدَقَاتِ الْإِبِلِ تُقْسَمُ وَلَا يَدْخُلْ عَلَيْنَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ لِزَوْجِهَا خُذْ هَذَا الْخِطَامَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ يَرْزُقُنَا جَمَلًا فَأَبَى الرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ ا قَدْ دَخَلُوا إِلَى الْإِبِلِ فَدَخَلَ مَعَهُمَا فَالْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ مَا أَدْخَلَكَ عَلَيْنَا؟ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ الْخِطَامَ فَضَرَبَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنْ قَسْمِ الْإِبِلِ دَعَا بِالرَّجُلِ فَأَعْطَاهُ الْخِطَامَ وَقَالَ اسْتَقِدْ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ وَاللهِ لَا يَسْتَقِيدُ لَا تَجْعَلْهَا سُنَّةً قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَمَنْ لِي مِنَ اللهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَرْضِهِ فَأَمَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ غُلَامَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ وَرَحْلِهَا وَقَطِيفَةٍ وَخَمْسَةِ دَنَانِيرَ فَأَرْضَاهُ بِهَا  

[Machine] Bakr, Siddiq and Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan gave the power from themselves and it was not taken from them, while they were the rulers.  

بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ وَعُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ أَعْطَوَا الْقَوَدَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَلَمْ يُسْتَقَدْ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ سَلَاطِينُ  

[Machine] A man with a strong voice and bad behavior towards the enemy was with Abu Musa. They collected spoils of war and Abu Musa gave him his share but he did not complete the payment. The man refused to take it unless he received it in full, so Abu Musa whipped him twenty times and shaved his head. He gathered his hair and took it to Umar. Jarir said, "I am closer to him than anyone else," and Hammad said, "I am closer to him than anyone else." So, Jarir took a lock of hair from his pocket and hit Umar's chest with it. Umar asked, "What's wrong with you?" So he told his story. Umar then wrote a letter to Abu Musa saying, "Peace be upon you. Indeed, so-and-so told me such and such, and I swear to you, if you have done what you did in front of a gathering of people, you should sit with him in front of a gathering of people and be subject to retaliation. And if you have done what you did in private, then he should sit with you in private and take retaliation from you." The people said to him, "Forgive him." He said, "No, by Allah, I will not let him go to anyone from the people." When the letter was handed to him, he sat for retaliation. He raised his head towards the sky and said, "I have forgiven him for the sake of Allah."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ ذَا صَوْتٍ وَنِكَايَةٍ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى فَغَنِمُوا مَغْنَمًا فَأَعْطَاهُ أَبُو مُوسَى نَصِيبَهُ وَلَمْ يُوفِّهِ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ إِلَّا جَمِيعًا فَضَرَبَهُ عِشْرِينَ سَوْطًا وَحَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ فَجَمَعَ شَعْرَهُ وَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ جَرِيرٌ وَأَنَا أَقْرَبُ النَّاسِ مِنْهُ وَقَدْ قَالَ حَمَّادٌ وَأَنَا أَقْرَبُ الْقَوْمِ مِنْهُ فَأَخْرَجَ شَعْرًا مِنْ جَيْبِهِ فَضَرَبَ بِهِ صَدْرَ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ مَا لَكَ؟ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّتَهُ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ فُلَانَ ابْنَ فُلَانٍ أَخْبَرَنِي بِكَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنِّي أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا فَعَلْتَ فِي مَلَأٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ جَلَسْتَ لَهُ فِي مَلَأٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَاقْتَصَّ مِنْكَ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا فَعَلْتَ فِي خَلَاءٍ فَاقْعُدْ لَهُ فِي خَلَاءٍ فَلْيَقْتَصَّ مِنْكَ قَالَ لَهُ النَّاسُ اعْفُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لَا وَاللهِ لَا أَدَعُهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَلَمَّا دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ قَعَدَ لِلْقَصَاصِ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ قَالَ قَدْ عَفَوْتُ عَنْهُ لِلَّهِ  

[Machine] To kill a man, it is only like his sword or his clothing. The master is killed and the slave is imprisoned.  

أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلًا فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ كَسَيْفِهِ أَوْ كَسَوْطِهِ يُقْتَلُ الْمَوْلَى وَيُحْبَسُ الْعَبْدُ فِي السِّجْنِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If one person holds another and the other person kills him, the one who killed shall be killed and the one who held him shall be detained." The Shaykh said: "This is not preserved, and it has been said that it was narrated from Isma'il ibn Umayyah from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib from the Prophet ﷺ , and the correct opinion is that..."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَمْسَكَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ وَقَتَلَهُ الْآخَرُ يُقْتَلُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ وَيُحْبَسُ الَّذِي أَمْسَكَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالصَّوَابُ مَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled in a case where one man held onto another while a third person killed him, saying that the killer should be killed and the one who held onto him should be imprisoned. This ruling was narrated by Sufyan from Jabir from 'Amir from Ali.  

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي رَجُلٍ أَمْسَكَ رَجُلًا وَقَتَلَ الْآخَرُ قَالَ يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُحْبَسُ الْمُمْسِكُ وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Abu Ubaid's saying is: "Be patient with the patient." This means to withhold the one who has been restrained.  

أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ قَوْلُهُ اصْبِرُوا الصَّابِرَ يَعْنِي احْبِسُوا الَّذِي حَبَسَهُ  

[Machine] In his statement, "So whoever has been forgiven by his brother for something, then it is ordained for him to follow that which is good" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], it is said that it was written for the people of the Torah that whoever kills a soul without justification, he should be punished for it and should not be pardoned, and the "diyah" (blood money) should not be accepted from him. It was also prescribed for the people of the Gospel that he should be pardoned and not be killed. As for the nation of Muhammad ﷺ , it is left to him whether to kill, take the "diyah," or pardon. This is what his statement means, "That is a concession from your Lord and a mercy." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178]. The "diyah" is considered a concession from Allah because He made it an alternative to killing. Then it is mentioned, "So whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178]. This means that whoever kills after taking the "diyah" will be subjected to a painful punishment. And it is stated in his statement, "And there is for you in legal retribution [saving of] life" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:179], it means that through legal retribution, some of you avoid being killed by others out of fear.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة 178] الْآيَةَ قَالَ كَانَ كُتِبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ حُقَّ أَنْ يُقَادَ بِهَا وَلَا يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ وَفُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ وَرُخِّصَ لَأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الدِّيَةَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ الدِّيَةُ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللهِ؛ إِذْ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ ثُمَّ قَالَ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ} [البقرة 179] يَقُولُ لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَنْتَهِي بِهَا بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ  

[Machine] In His saying, "So whoever is forgiven something from his brother" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], it is said that if a person is intentionally killed, and the guardian of the deceased forgives the killer and does not seek retaliation, and accepts the compensation for blood, it should be done with good conduct. It is said to encourage the seeker to ask nicely, then the requested person returns and says, "And pay him in good conduct" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], meaning that the requested person should pay the blood compensation in good conduct to the one seeking it. It is mentioned that it was written in the Torah, and it was mentioned in a similar manner in the narration of Ash-Shafi'i. And in His saying, "Then for him is a painful punishment" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], it is said that if a person accepts the blood compensation and then kills, there is a painful punishment for him. It is said that the reason is that when a person is killed, his guardian seeks retribution and the killer hides. The guardian of the deceased says, "I accept the blood compensation" and the killer accepts it until the killer emerges, then the guardian of the deceased kills him, even though the blood compensation was already accepted before. And he used to say, "I only accepted the blood compensation so that the killer would return, and then I would kill him when he appeared." Allah says, "So whoever is aggressive" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], and kills after accepting the blood compensation, "Then for him is a painful punishment" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178].  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ بِعَمْدٍ فَعَفَا عَنْهُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ وَلَمْ يَقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ وَقَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يَقُولُ لِيُحْسِنِ الطَّلَبَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَطْلُوبِ فَقَالَ {وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ لِيُؤَدِّ الْمَطْلُوبُ إِلَى الطَّالِبِ الدِّيَةَ بِإِحْسَانٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ كَتَبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ مَنْ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ يَقُولُ مُوجِعٌ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ إِذَا قُتِلَ حَمِيمٌ لَهُ تَوَارَى الْقَاتِلُ فَيَقُولُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ إِنِّي أَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ فَيَقْبَلُهَا حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ الْقَاتِلُ فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ وَقَدْ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَكَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا قَبِلْتُ الدِّيَةَ لِيَرْجِعَ الْقَاتِلُ فَأَقْتُلَهُ إِذَا ظَهَرَ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى} [البقرة 178] وَقَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ {فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178]  

[Machine] "Allah has prescribed for this nation the law of retaliation in cases of murder: free man for free man, slave for slave, and female for female. But whoever is granted clemency by his brother (the victim), then it should be followed by kindness and compensation to the best of their ability. This is a relief from your Lord. It is similar to what was prescribed for those before you. And whoever transgresses after this, there shall be a painful punishment for him." [Quran 2:178]

16035 Ali ibn Abdullah narrated that Mujahid informed him that Amr ibn Dinar said: Ibn Abbas narrated to me, mentioning it in similar words.  

اللهُ ﷻ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ الْعَفْوُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ {فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ} [البقرة 178] مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] 16035 وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُجَاهِدٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ  

[Machine] The punishment for the children of Israel was written to be retribution, but I lighten it for you in the form of compensation. So whoever is forgiven some of it by his brother, must follow what is righteously good and pay him generously. He said it is a deliberate act where his family is satisfied with compensation. The claimant follows with fairness and delivers, meaning the demanded amount, with excellence. That is a favor from your Lord and a mercy. He said it is something that the children of Israel were obligated to do.  

كُتِبَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ وَأُرَخِّصُ لَكُمْ فِي الدِّيَةِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ هُوَ الْعَمْدُ يَرْضَى أَهْلُهُ بِالدِّيَةِ فَيَتْبَعُ الطَّالِبُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَيُؤَدِّي يَعْنِي الْمَطْلُوبَ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ مِمَّا كَانَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ  

that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed Allah made Makkah sacred, it was not made sacred by the people. Whoever believes in Allah, and the Last Day, then let them not shed blood in it, nor cut down any of its trees. If one tries to make an excuse by saying: 'It was made lawful for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ' then indeed Allah made it lawful for me but He did not make it lawful for the people, and it was only made lawful for me for an hour of a day. Then it is returned to being sacred until the Day of Judgement. Then, to you people of Khuza'ah who killed this man from Hudhail: I am his 'Aqil, so whomever (one of his relatives) is killed after today, then his people have two options; either they have him killed, or they take the blood-money from him.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1406)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ فِيهَا دَمًا وَلَا يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرًا فَإِنِ ارْتَخَصَ أَحَدٌ فَقَالَ أُحِلَّتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّ اللهَ أَحَلَّهَا لِي وَلَمْ يُحِلَّهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِ ثُمَّ هِيَ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ يَا خُزَاعَةُ قَدْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ وَأَنَا وَاللهِ عَاقِلُهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَهُ قَتِيلًا فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ إِنْ أَحَبُّوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَخَذُوا الْعَقْلَ  

[Machine] I heard the Prophet of Allah ﷺ say, "Whoever is afflicted with bloodshed or insanity has three options: if he desires a fourth option, then take hold of his hands, either to seek retribution or to pardon and take his compensation. If he accepts anything from that, but returns to it afterwards, then he will have the Fire."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِدَمٍ أَوْ خَبْلٍ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ وَيَأْخُذَ الْعَقْلَ فَإِنْ قَبِلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ عَدَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ النَّارَ  

In the year of the Conquest of Mecca, the tribe of Khuzaʿa killed a man from the tribe of Bani Laith in revenge for a killed person, belonging to them. They informed the Prophet ﷺ about it. So he rode his Rahila (she-camel for riding) and addressed the people saying, "Allah held back the killing from Mecca. (The sub-narrator is in doubt whether the Prophet ﷺ said "elephant or killing," as the Arabic words standing for these words have great similarity in shape), but He (Allah) let His Apostle and the believers over power the infidels of Mecca. Beware! (Mecca is a sanctuary) Verily! Fighting in Mecca was not permitted for anyone before me nor will it be permitted for anyone after me. It (war) in it was made legal for me for few hours or so on that day. No doubt it is at this moment a sanctuary, it is not allowed to uproot its thorny shrubs or to uproot its trees or to pick up its Luqat (fallen things) except by a person who will look for its owner (announce it publicly). And if somebody is killed, then his closest relative has the right to choose one of the two-- the blood money (Diyya) or retaliation having the killer killed. In the meantime a man from Yemen came and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Get that written for me." The Prophet ﷺ ordered his companions to write that for him. Then a man from Quraish said, "Except Al-Idhkhir (a type of grass that has good smell) O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as we use it in our houses and graves." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Except Al-Idhkhir i.e. Al-Idhkhir is allowed to be plucked." (Using translation from Bukhārī 112)   

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ خُزَاعَةَ قَتَلُوا رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ عَامَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ بِقَتِيلٍ مِنْهُمْ قَتَلُوهُ فَأُخْبِرَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ فَخَطَبَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ حَبَسَ عَنْ مَكَّةَ الْفِيلَ وَسَلَّطَ عَلَيْهَا رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي وَلَنْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدِي أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا سَاعَتِي هَذِهِ حَرَامٌ لَا يُخْتَلَى شَوْكُهَا وَلَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا وَلَا يَلْتَقِطُ سَاقِطَتَهَا إِلَّا مُنْشِدٌ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُعْطَى الدِّيَةَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ أَهْلُ الْقَتِيلِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شَاهٍ فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ اكْتُبُوا لِأَبِي شَاهٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَإِنَّا نَجْعَلُهُ فِي بُيُوتِنَا وَقُبُورِنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ  

[Machine] In the year of the conquest of Mecca, Khuzay'ah killed a man from the tribe of Banī Layth, and this man had killed one of them during the pre-Islamic era. The Prophet mentioned this incident in a similar manner except that he said, "Whoever has a slain relative, then he has the option to either accept a ransom or take revenge." Abdullah ibn Raja' narrated it from Harb.  

أَنَّهُ عَامَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ قَتَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ بِقَتِيلٍ لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُودَى وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ قَالَ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ ثنا حَرْبٌ  

[Machine] When Mecca was conquered, Huthayl killed a man from the tribe of Layth in retaliation for a killing that occurred during the pre-Islamic period. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed of this, and he mentioned the incident with a similar statement, except that he said, "And whoever is killed as a result, he is considered to have better vision, either to be captured or to be avenged." Abu Amr Al-Adib reported to us that Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili narrated to us that Abu Ya'la narrated to us that Harun ibn Ma'roof narrated to us that Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us from Al-Awza'i, and he mentioned it with a similar statement, except that he said, "Either to be ransomed or to be killed." This hadith has been recorded in Sahih from the narration of Al-Walid ibn Muslim.  

لَمَّا فُتِحَتْ مَكَّةُ قَتَلَتْ هُذَيْلٌ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ بِقَتِيلٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُفَادَى 16042 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ ثنا أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُفْدَى وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever kills intentionally, the blood money will be given to the heirs of the victim. If they wish, they can kill the perpetrator, or if they wish, they can accept the blood money." In the narration of Wail ibn Hujr from the Prophet ﷺ , when the killer was brought in captivity, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked the guardian of the victim, "Will you forgive?" He replied, "No." He then asked, "Will you take the blood money?" He replied, "No." The Prophet ﷺ then said, "Then you may kill him." He said, "Yes." The Prophet ﷺ commanded him to take him away, and this is mentioned in the chapter of forgiveness with its chain of narrators.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا دُفِعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْقَتِيلِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوهُ وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيَةَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ جِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْقَاتِلِ يُقَادُ فِي نِسْعَةٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِوَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ أَتَعْفُو؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَقْتُلُهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اذْهَبْ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ فِي بَابِ الْعَفْوِ مَذْكُورٌ بِإِسْنَادِهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone is killed blindly or, when people are throwing stones, by a stone or a whip, his blood-wit is the blood-wit for an accidental murder. But if anyone is killed intentionally, retaliation is due. If anyone tries to prevent it, the curse of Allah, of angels, and of all the people will rest on him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4591)   

مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي عِمِّيَّةٍ أَوْ رِمِّيَّةٍ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ بِسَوْطٍ أَوْ عَصًا فَعَقْلُهُ عَقْلُ الْخَطَأِ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ عَمْدًا فَهُوَ قَوَدٌ وَمَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I do not offer pardon to a man who has killed someone after he has taken the blood money. This is severed (from the laws of forgiveness), and it has been narrated as connected."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا أُعَافِي رَجُلًا قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ الدِّيَةَ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا  

The Prophet ﷺ said: I will not forgive anyone who kills after accepting blood-wit (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4507)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا أُعْفِي مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ الدِّيَةَ  

[Machine] "In his saying, 'So whoever pays a charity with it, it is an expiation for him', he said to the one who was wounded..."  

فِي قَوْلِهِ فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ قَالَ لِلَّذِي جُرِحَ  

[Machine] In his saying, "So whoever gives Zakah [charity] for purification," [Quran 5:45]. It was said that it removes with it an equal amount of sins. Al-Shafi'i said, and it was narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that forgiving the retribution is an expiation or he said something that encourages forgiveness for it.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ} [المائدة 45] قَالَ يَهْدِمُ عَنْهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَالرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي أَنَّ الْعَفْوَ عَنِ الْقِصَاصِ كَفَّارَةٌ أَوْ قَالَ شَيْئًا يُرَغِّبُ بِهِ فِي الْعَفْوِ عَنْهُ  

[Machine] "What was never presented to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , as a case of retribution except that he commanded forgiveness in it. I asked 'Affan, "Who doubts it?" He replied, "Abdullah said to me, 'I used to speak about Anas, and they would say to me, 'Do not have doubts about him.' So I said, 'I do not know,' and he was a cautious and intelligent man.'"  

مَا رُفِعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قِصَاصٌ قَطُّ إِلَّا أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِالْعَفْوِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَفَّانَ مَنْ يَشُكُّ فِيهِ؟ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ كُنْتُ أَقُولُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ فَقَالُوا لِي لَا تَشُكَّ فِيهِ؟ فَقُلْتُ لَا أَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مُتَوَقِّيًا كَيِّسًا  

I never saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that some dispute which involved retaliation was brought to him but he commanded regarding it for remission. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4497)   

مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ قِصَاصٍ إِلَّا أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِالْعَفْوِ  

While I was sitting in the company of Allah's Apostle ﷺ, a person came there dragging another one with the help of a strap and said: Messenger of Allah, this man has killed my brother. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Did you kill him? And the other man said: (In case he did not make a confession of this, I shall brine, a witness against him). He (the murderer) said: Yes, I have killed him. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Why did you kill him? He said: I and he won striking down the leaves of a tree and he abused me and enraged me, and to I struck his head with an axe and killed him, whereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Have you anything with you to pay blood-wit on your behalf? He said: I do not possess any property but this robe of mine and this axe of mine. He (the Holy, Prophet) said: Do you think your people will pay ransom for you? He said: I am more insignificant among my people than this (that I would not be able to get this benefit from my tribe). He (the Holy Prophet) threw the strap towards him (the claimant of the blood-wit) saying: Take away your man. The man took him away, and as he returned, Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If he kills him, he will be like him. He returned and said: Messenger of Allah, it has reached me that you have said that" If he killed him, he would be like him." I caught hold of him according to your command, whereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Don't you like that he should take upon him (the burden) of your sin and the sin of your companion (your brother)? He said: Allah's Apostle, why not? The Messenger of Allah (may peace be. upon him) said: If it is so, then let it be. He threw away the strap (around the offender) and set him free. (Using translation from Muslim 1680a)   

قَالَ إِنِّي لَقَاعِدٌ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَقُودُ آخَرَ بِنِسْعَةٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَذَا قَتَلَ أَخِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَقَتَلْتَهُ؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَعْتَرِفْ أَقَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَتَلْتُهُ قَالَ كَيْفَ قَتَلْتَهُ؟ قَالَ كُنْتُ وَهُوَ نَخْتَبِطُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ فَسَبَّنِي فَأَغْضَبَنِي فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالْفَأْسِ عَلَى قَرْنِهِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ تُؤَدِّيهِ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ؟ قَالَ مَا لِيَ مَالٌ إِلَّا كِسَائِي قَالَ فَتَرَى قَوْمَكَ يَشْتَرُونَكَ؟ قَالَ أَنَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى قَوْمِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَرَمَى إِلَيْهِ بِنِسْعَتِهِ وَقَالَ دُونَكَ صَاحِبَكَ فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ فَهُوَ مِثْلُهُ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ وَيْلَكَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ فَهُوَ مِثْلُهُ فَرَجَعَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ فَهُوَ مِثْلُهُ وَمَا أَخَذْتُهُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِكَ وَإِثْمِ صَاحِبِكَ؟ قَالَ بَلَى يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ قَالَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَذَاكَ قَالَ فَرَمَى بِنِسْعَتِهِ وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ was presented with a man who had killed someone. The guardian of the victim demanded retaliation, so he was brought forward and a piece of rope was tied around his neck and he was dragged along. When he turned away, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that both the killer and the victim will be in Hellfire. Then a man came to the Prophet and asked for his forgiveness. The Prophet ﷺ turned away from him. Isma'il (the narrator) mentioned this incident to Habib bin Abi Thabit, who said: Ibn Ashwa' narrated to me that the Prophet ﷺ asked him to forgive, but he refused to do so.  

أُتِيَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا يَعْنِي فَأَقَادَ وَلِيَّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِنْهُ فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ فِي عُنُقِهِ نِسْعَةٌ يَجُرُّهَا فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقَاتِلُ وَالْمَقْتُولُ فِي النَّارِ فَأَتَى رَجُلٌ الرَّجُلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَقَالَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَخَلَّى عَنْهُ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِحَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَشْوَعَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَعْفُوَ  

[Machine] He informed him, saying, "While I was with the Prophet ﷺ , a man with a disheveled head came to him. When he approached him, he said, 'My brother and I were in a pit digging it, and he lifted his beak and struck my brother's head, killing him.' He said, 'Forgive him,' but he refused. He said, 'Take the blood money,' but he said, 'I don't want the blood money.' He repeated the same conversation, and each time he said, 'Forgive him,' but he refused. He said, 'Take the blood money,' but he refused. When he refused, except for wanting to kill him, he said, 'If you kill him, you will be like him.' He said, 'What should I do?' He said, 'Forgive him.' So I saw him dragging his disheveled hair until it disappeared from our sight."  

أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ بَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فِي عُنُقِهِ نِسْعَةٌ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ قَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا وَأَخِي كَانَا فِي جُبٍّ يَحْفِرَانِهَا فَرَفَعَ الْمِنْقَارَ فَضَرَبَ بِهِ رَأْسَ أَخِي فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ اعْفُ عَنْهُ فَأَبَى قَالَ فَخُذِ الدِّيَةَ قَالَ مَا أُرِيدُ الدِّيَةَ قَالَ فَأَعَادَ الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ اعْفُ عَنْهُ فَأَبَى قَالَ خُذِ الدِّيَةَ فَأَبَى فَأَعَادَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ اعْفُ عَنْهُ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ خُذِ الدِّيَةَ فَأَبَى فَلَمَّا أَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلَ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّكَ إِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ كُنْتَ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ فَأَصْنَعُ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ تَعْفُو عَنْهُ قَالَ فَأَنَا رَأَيْتُهُ يَجُرُّ نِسْعَتَهُ حَتَّى خَفِيَ عَلَيْنَا  

"I saw the Messenger of Allah when the heir of a victim brought the killer, leading him by a string. The Messenger of Allah said to the heir of the victim: Will you forgive him?' He said: 'No., He said: 'Will you accept Diyah?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Will you kill him?' He said: 'Yes.' He said" 'Take him away (to kill him).' When he took him and turned away, he turned to those who were with him, and called him back, and said to him: 'Will you forgive him?' He said: No.' He said: 'Will you accept Diyah?' He said: No.' He said: 'Will you kill him?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Take him away.' Then the Messenger of Allah said: 'If you forgive him, he will carry your sin and the sin of your companion (the victim).' So he forgave him and left him, and I was him dragging his string." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4724)   

شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ جِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْقَاتِلِ يُقَادُ فِي نِسْعَةٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِوَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ أَتَعْفُو؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَقْتُلُهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اذْهَبْ بِهِ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ بِهِ فَتَوَلَّى مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ لَهُ تَعَالَ أَتَعْفُو؟ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ الْأَوَّلِ فَقَالَ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ الرَّابِعَةِ أَمَا إِنَّكَ إِنْ عَفَوْتَ فَإِنَّهُ يَبُوءُ بِإِثْمِكَ وَإِثْمِ صَاحِبِكَ قَالَ فَتَرَكَهُ قَالَ فَأَنَا رَأَيْتُهُ يَجُرُّ نِسْعَتَهُ وَقَالَ فِيهِ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ عَنْ عَوْفٍ يَبُوءُ بِإِثْمِهِ وَإِثْمِ صَاحِبِكَ  

"A man from the Quraish broke a tooth of a man from the Ansar. So he appealed to Mu'awiyah against him. He said to Mu'awiyah: 'O Commander of the Believers! This person broke one of my teeth.' Mu'awiyah said: 'We will try to get satisfaction for you.' And the other person insisted that Mu'awiyah get him to agree [but he was not satisfied]. So Mu'awiyah said him: 'It is up to your companion.' Abu Ad-Darda' was sitting with him, so Abu Ad-Darda said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying [he said: 'My ears heard and my heart remembered]: "There is no man who is struck in his body and he forgives for it, except that Allah raises him a level and removes a sin from him.'" The Ansari said: 'Did you hear that from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?' He said: "My ears heard it and my heart remembered it.' He said: 'Then I will leave it to him.' Mu'awiyah said: 'Surely you should not suffer.' So he ordered that he be given some wealth." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1393)   

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ دَقَّ سِنَّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَاسْتَعْدَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ إِنَّ هَذَا دَقَّ سِنِّي فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ كَلَّا إِنَّا سَنُرْضِيكَ قَالَ وَأَلَحَّ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَبْرَمَهُ فَقَالَ شَأْنَكَ بِصَاحِبِكَ قَالَ وَأَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ جَالِسٌ عِنْدَ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ يُصَابُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَيَصَّدَّقُ بِهِ إِلَّا رَفَعَهُ اللهُ ﷻ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَحَطَّ عَنْهُ بِهِ خَطِيئَةً فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ لِأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَايَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَإِنِّي أَدَعُهَا لِلَّهِ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ لَا جَرَمَ وَاللهِ لَا تَخِيبُ وَأَمَرَ لَهُ بِمَالٍ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever is afflicted with a physical ailment equivalent to the value of half his blood money, and he forgives, half of his sins will be forgiven. And if it is one-third or one-fourth, then accordingly. A man said, ‘By Allah, have you heard this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ?’ Ubada said, ‘By Allah, I have heard it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .’ Both of them broke off the conversation."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِجَسَدِهِ بِقَدْرِ نِصْفِ دِيَتِهِ فَعَفَا كُفِّرَ عَنْهُ نِصْفُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثًا أَوْ رُبُعًا فَعَلَى قَدْرِ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ وَاللهِ لَسَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ وَاللهِ لَسَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كِلَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعٌ  

[Machine] Aisha stayed with Safwan bin Al-Muattal to tend to Hassan bin Thabit, who had been struck with a sword by Safwan. Hassan cried out for help and the people called out to punish Safwan. Safwan fled and Hassan went to the Prophet ﷺ seeking assistance against Safwan in seeking retribution for his strike. The Prophet ﷺ asked Hassan to give him the right to strike Safwan instead, so Hassan granted it to him. The Prophet ﷺ struck Safwan with the granted strike, causing him to fall against a large wall made of date palms and a flowing river, which is said to be either Roman or Coptic.  

عَائِشَةُ وَقَعَدَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ بِالسَّيْفِ فَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً وَصَاحَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَاسْتَغَاثَ النَّاسَ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ وَفَرَّ صَفْوَانُ وَجَاءَ حَسَّانُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَاسْتَعْدَاهُ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ فِي ضَرْبَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَسَأَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَهَبَ لَهُ ضَرْبَةَ صَفْوَانَ إِيَّاهُ فَوَهَبَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَاضَهُ مِنْهَا حَائِطًا مِنْ نَخْلٍ عَظِيمٍ وَجَارِيَةً رُومِيَّةً وَيُقَالُ قِبْطِيَّةً  

[Machine] About a man who strikes another with a sword in anger, what is to be done to him? He replied, Safwan ibn al-Muattal struck Hassaan ibn Thabit with a whip, and the Messenger of Allah did not cut his hand off.  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَضْرِبُ الْآخَرَ بِالسَّيْفِ فِي غَضِبٍ مَا يُصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ قَدْ ضَرَبَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ الضُّرُوبَ فَلَمْ يَقْطَعْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ  

[Machine] "Feed him, give him drink, and treat him kindly. If I live, I am his guardian and I pardon him if I wish, and if I wish, I punish him."  

عَلِيٌّ ؓ أَطْعِمُوهُ وَاسْقُوهُ وَأَحْسِنُوا إِسَارَهُ فَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ دَمِي أَعْفُو إِنْ شِئْتُ وَإِنْ شِئْتُ اسْتَقَدْتُ  

[Machine] He pardoned the one with an arrow, and his pardon was a pardon that 'Umar and Ibn Mas'ood approved of. The pardoning from one of the awliya' (saints) and they did not ask, "Are you killing out of jealousy or something else?" Al-Shafi'i said, and some of our companions said about the man who kills a man without any legal right, then he goes to the imam, he does not wait for the permission of the guardian of the one who was killed. He said, and some of those who know their methodologies argued using the narration of Mujdhir ibn Ziyad, even if his hadith is proven, we agree with it as they have said, and I do not have knowledge of him until this day as being sound. And if it is not proven, then every slain person, other than one who is fighting, the authority over his killing is held by the guardian of the slain, before Allah the Exalted says, "And whoever is killed unjustly - We have given his guardian authority." (Quran 17:33) And He said, "But whoever is pardoned by his brother [for retaliation] then it shall be followed by a fair demand [for blood money]." (Quran 2:178) The sheikh said, "We have only received the story of Mujdhir ibn Ziyad from the narration of Al-Waqidi, which is disconnected, and he is weak."  

عَفَا مِنْ ذِي سَهْمٍ فَعَفْوُهُ عَفْوٌ قَدْ أَجَازَ عُمَرُ وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ الْعَفْوَ مِنْ أَحَدِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ وَلَمْ يَسْأَلَا أَقَتْلَ غِيلَةٍ كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَمْ غَيْرَهُ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَائِرَةٍ هُوَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ لَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِهِ وَلِيَّ الْمَقْتُولِ قَالَ وَاحْتَجَّ لَهُمْ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ مَذَاهِبَهُمْ بِأَثَرِ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَلَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُهُ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ قُلْنَا بِهِ فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالُوا وَلَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا ثَابِتًا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ فَكُلُّ مَقْتُولٍ قَتَلَهُ غَيْرُ الْمُحَارِبِ فَالْقَتْلُ فِيهِ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا} [الإسراء 33] وَقَالَ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ الشَّيْخُ إِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا قِصَّةُ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ مُنْقَطِعًا وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] He killed Suwaid bin As-Samit in the pre-Islamic era. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, Harith bin Suwaid bin As-Samit and Mujdhir bin Ziyad embraced Islam and witnessed the Battle of Badr. Harith sought to kill Mujdhir in revenge for his father but he was unable to do so that day. On the day of Uhud, when the Muslims went on an expedition, Harith came from behind Mujdhir and struck him in the neck, killing him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then returned to Medina and later went to Hamra' al-Asad. When he returned, Jibreel (Gabriel) came to him and informed him that Harith bin Suwaid had killed Mujdhir bin Ziyad out of vengeance. The Prophet ﷺ ordered his companions to execute Harith by striking him with a sword, and he was killed. Harith pleaded to speak to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , but Awaim refused him. Harith then grabbed Awaim, wanting to speak to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , but the Prophet ﷺ intended to mount his riding animal. Harith said, "By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I killed him. By Allah, I did not kill him out of turning back from Islam or doubting it, but it was Satan's incitement, and I was given authority over my own self. Verily, I turn to Allah in repentance and to the Messenger of Allah, I will pay his blood money, fast for two consecutive months, free a slave, and feed sixty poor people. Verily, I turn to Allah in repentance." The Prophet ﷺ held the reins of his riding animal, and the sons of Mujdhir were present, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not speak to them until he fully absorbed the words of Harith. Then he said, "Bring him forward, O Awaim, and strike his neck." And his neck was struck.  

أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ أَسْلَمَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَمِجْذَرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ فَشَهِدَا بَدْرًا فَجَعَلَ الْحَارِثُ يَطْلُبُ مِجْذَرًا لِيَقْتُلَهُ بِأَبِيهِ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تِلْكَ الْجَوْلَةَ أَتَاهُ الْحَارِثُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى حَمْرَاءِ الْأَسَدِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أَتَاهُ جِبْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ قَتَلَ مِجْذَرَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ غِيلَةً وَأَمَرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ فَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى قُبَاءَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ دَعَا عُوَيْمَ بْنَ سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالَ إِذَا قَدِمَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ إِلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ بِالْمِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ فَإِنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ غِيلَةً فَأَخَذَهُ عُوَيْمٌ فَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ دَعْنِي أُكَلِّمْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ عُوَيْمٌ فَجَابَذَهُ يُرِيدُ كَلَامَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَنَهَضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ فَجَعَلَ الْحَارِثُ يَقُولُ قَدْ وَاللهِ قَتَلْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ قَتْلِي إِيَّاهُ رُجُوعًا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَلَا ارْتِيَابًا فِيهِ وَلَكِنَّهُ حَمِيَّةُ الشَّيْطَانِ وَأَمْرٌ وُكِلْتُ فِيهِ إِلَى نَفْسِي فَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللهِ ﷻ وَإِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ وَأُخْرِجُ دِيَتَهُ وَأَصُومُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَأُعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً وَأُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا إِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللهِ وَجَعَلَ يُمْسِكُ بِرِكَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَبَنُو مِجْذَرٍ حُضُورٌ لَا يَقُولُ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَوْعَبَ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ قَدِّمْهُ يَا عُوَيْمُ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ  

[Machine] Al-Mufadhdhal ibn Ghassan al-Ghilani narrated about those who were known for their hypocrisy during the time of the Prophet ﷺ. He said, "Al-Harith ibn Suwayd ibn Samit, from the Banu Amr ibn Awf, participated in the Battle of Badr. He was the one who killed Al-Mijdar on the day of Uhud in revenge, so the Prophet ﷺ killed him with it."  

ثنا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ غَسَّانَ الْغِلَانِيُّ وَهُوَ يَذْكُرُ مَنْ عُرِفَ بِالنِّفَاقِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ صَامِتٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ الْمِجْذَرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ غِيلَةً فَقَتَلَهُ بِهِ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Then you, Khuza'ah, have killed this man of Hudhayl, but I will pay his blood-wit. After these words of mine if a man of anyone is killed, his people will have a choice to accept blood-wit or to kill him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4504)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَلَا إِنَّكُمْ مَعْشَرَ خُزَاعَةَ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ وَإِنِّي عَاقِلُهُ فَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ بَعْدَ مَقَالَتِي هَذِهِ قَتِيلٌ فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا الْعَقْلَ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا  

Sa'id said: Umar ibn al-Khattab said: Blood-money is meant for the clan of the slain, and she will not inherit from the blood-money of her husband. Ad-Dahhak ibn Sufyan said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to me that I should give a share to the wife of Ashyam ad-Dubabi from the blood-money of her husband. So Umar withdrew his opinion. Ahmad ibn Salih said: AbdurRazzaq transmitted this tradition to us from Ma'mar, from az-Zuhri on the authority of Sa'id. In this version he said: The Prophet ﷺ made him governor over the bedouins. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2927)   

لَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُوَرِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ ؓ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ وَقَالَ فِيهِ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الْأَعْرَابِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Indeed, intelligence is a shared inheritance among the heirs of the deceased based on their proximity. So whatever remains, belongs to the closest relatives." He also decreed that the intelligence of a woman is divided among her relatives who do not inherit from her, except for what is left after her heirs have received their share. And if she is killed, her intelligence is also divided among her heirs, even though they killed her murderer.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ الْعَقْلَ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَةِ الْقَتِيلِ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِمْ فَمَا فَضَلَ فَلِلْعَصَبَةِ قَالَ وَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ عَقْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ بَيْنَ عَصَبَتِهَا مَنْ كَانُوا لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَا فَضَلَ عَنْ وَرَثَتِهَا وَإِنْ قُتِلَتْ فَعَقْلُهَا بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهَا وَهُمْ يَقْتُلُونَ قَاتِلَهَا  

[Machine] The free man has inheritance among his heirs, which they divide among themselves according to their shares, just as they divide his inheritance. This was decreed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The free woman also has inheritance among her heirs, which they divide among themselves just as they divide her inheritance. Her tribe is responsible for her if she kills or injures someone. This was decreed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Amr bin Harim said that Jabir bin Zaid was asked about the brother from the mother, whether he inherits from the blood money if he is not from his father. He said, "Yes, Umar bin Khattab and Ali bin Abi Talib gave him the inheritance rights. Shuraikh also said, and Umar used to say that his blood money is like his inheritance."  

الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهِ مَنْ كَانُوا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى فَرَائِضِهِمْ كَمَا كَانُوا يَقْسِمُونَ مِيرَاثَهُ قَضَى بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَقْلُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهَا مَنْ كَانُوا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ كَمَا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ مِيرَاثُهَا وَيَعْقِلُ عَنْهَا عَصَبَتُهَا إِذَا قَتَلَتْ قَتِيلًا أَوْ جَرَحَتْ جَرِيحًا قَضَى بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ هَرِمٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنِ الْأَخِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ هَلْ يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَدْ وَرَّثَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ وَشُرَيْحٌ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا دِيَتُهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مِيرَاثِهِ  

[Machine] "He said, 'It is indeed an injustice for one who does not give the siblings anything from the mother's inheritance as compensation.'"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَقَدْ ظَلَمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُوَرِّثِ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئًا  

[Machine] The blood money is divided according to the obligations of Allah, and every inheritor inherits from it.  

الدِّيَةُ تُقْسَمُ عَلَى فَرَائِضِ اللهِ ﷻ فَيَرِثُ مِنْهَا كُلُّ وَارِثٍ  

[Machine] That he returned, injured, with a complaint he had. I said to him, "We were worried about you, O Commander of the Faithful, regarding this complaint of yours." He said, "But I swear by Allah, I was not worried about myself because I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , the truthful and trustworthy, saying that you will be struck a blow here and a blow here," and he gestured to his temples, "and his blood will flow, dyeing your beard, and its owner will be the most miserable of its victims, just like the barren she-camel of Thamud."  

أَنَّهُ عَادَ عَلِيًّا ؓ فِي شَكْوًى لَهُ اشْتَكَاهَا قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ لَقَدْ تَخَوَّفْنَا عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي شَكْوَاكَ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَكِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا تَخَوَّفْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي مِنْهُ؛ لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ الصَّادِقَ الْمَصْدُوقَ يَقُولُ إِنَّكَ سَتُضْرَبُ ضَرْبَةً هَاهُنَا وَضَرْبَةً هَاهُنَا وَأَشَارَ إِلَى صُدْغَيْهِ فَيَسِيلُ دَمُهَا حَتَّى يَخْضِبَ لِحْيَتَكَ وَيَكُونُ صَاحِبُهَا أَشْقَاهَا كَمَا كَانَ عَاقِرُ النَّاقَةِ أَشْقَى ثَمُودَ  

[Machine] Abu Salama ibn Abdul Rahman narrated to me that Aisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ , said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said regarding those who are killed in battle, they should be buried in the order they were killed, even if it is a woman.  

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ عَلَى الْمُقْتَتِلِينَ أَنْ يَنْحَجِزُوا الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ وَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً  

[Machine] He said in the hadith of the Prophet ﷺ to the family of the victim to ask for the lesser, even if she is a woman, and that is because the victim is killed and he has male and female heirs, so whoever among them forgives the blood from the nearest, then the forgiveness is permissible; because his saying "ask for the lesser" means to refrain from retaliation.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِأَهْلِ الْقَتِيلِ أَنْ يَنْحَجِزُوا الْأَدْنَى فَالْأَدْنَى وَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ الْقَتِيلُ وَلَهُ وَرَثَةٌ رِجَالٌ وَنِسَاءٌ يَقُولُ فَأَيُّهُمْ عَفَا عَنْ دَمِهِ مِنَ الْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ فَعَفْوُهُ جَائِزٌ؛ لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ يَنْحَجِزُوا يَعْنِي يَكُفُّوا عَنِ الْقَوَدِ  

[Machine] A man found a man with his wife, so he killed her. This matter was brought to Umar bin Al-Khattab, and he found some of her brothers on her. So he ordered Umar to give them their due share, and he ordered the payment of blood money for all of them.  

وَجَدَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهَا فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَوَجَدَ عَلَيْهَا بَعْضُ إِخْوَتِهَا فَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ بِنَصِيبِهِ فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ ؓ لِسَائِرِهِمْ بِالدِّيَةِ