Qurayzah and Nadir (were two Jewish tribes). An-Nadir were nobler than Qurayzah. When a man of Qurayzah killed a man of an-Nadir, he would be killed. But if a man of an-Nadir killed a man of Qurayzah, a hundred wasq of dates would be paid as blood-money. When Prophethood was bestowed upon the Prophet ﷺ, a man of an-Nadir killed a man of Qurayzah. They said: Give him to us, we shall kill him. They replied: We have the Prophet ﷺ between you and us. So they came to him. Thereupon the following verse was revealed: "If thou judge, judge in equity between them." "In equity" means life for a life. The following verse was then revealed: "Do they seek of a judgment of (the days) ignorance?" Abu Dawud said: Quraizah and al-Nadir were the descendants of Harun the Prophet (peace be upon him) (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4494)   

كَانَ قُرَيْظَةُ وَالنَّضِيرُ وَكَانَ النَّضِيرُ أَشْرَفَ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ فَكَانَ إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ رَجُلًا مِنَ النَّضِيرِ قُتِلَ بِهِ وَإِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ أَدَّى مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ فَقَالُوا ادْفَعُوهُ إِلَيْنَا نَقْتُلْهُ فَقَالُوا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَتَوْهُ فَنَزَلَتْ {وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ} [المائدة 42] وَالْقِسْطُ النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ {أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ} [المائدة 50] لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ  

[Machine] "From Abu Al-Ala'iah: "Whoever commits aggression [Surah Al-Baqarah 178] and then is killed after being taken as a ransom [Surah Al-Baqarah 178], then he will have a painful punishment [Surah Al-Baqarah 178]. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy [Surah Al-Baqarah 178]. He says, when you were given the ransom and it was not lawful for the people of the Torah, it is only a retribution or an act of forgiveness. And for the people of the Gospel, it is only an act of forgiveness, there is no other. So it was made permissible for this nation: retribution, ransom, and forgiveness [Surah Al-Baqarah 178]. And there is life for you in retribution [Surah Al-Baqarah 179]." He says, Allah ﷻ has made retribution a life for you, from a man who intends to kill, but is prevented out of fear of being killed."  

عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى} [البقرة 178] فَقَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ الدِّيَةَ {فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ حِينَ أُطْعِمْتُمُ الدِّيَةَ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ قِصَاصٌ أَوْ عَفْوٌ وَكَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَفْوٌ لَيْسَ غَيْرُهُ فَجُعِلَ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الْقَوَدُ وَالدِّيَةُ وَالْعَفْوُ {وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ} [البقرة 179] يَقُولُ جَعَلَ اللهُ ﷻ الْقِصَاصَ حَيَاةً لَكُمْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ فَيَمْنَعَهُ مِنْهُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ  

[Machine] And Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us that Abu al-Hasan al-Taraifi and Abu Muhammad al-Ka'bi said: Isma'il bin Qutaybah narrated to us, who narrated to us Yazid bin Salih, who narrated to us Bukair bin Ma'ruf from Muqatil bin Hayyan regarding his saying: "And for you in [the law of] qisas is life, O you of understanding" [Surah Al-Baqarah: 179]. He says to you about qisas being a means of preserving life, as it prevents the shedding of one another's blood out of fear of being killed. He says: "Perhaps you will be cautious" [Surah Al-Baqarah: 179] meaning the blood, if one of you fears being killed by it.  

وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ قَالَا ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ثنا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ} [البقرة 179] يَقُولُ لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ بِمَا يَنْتَهِي بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ دِمَاءِ بَعْضٍ أَنْ يُصِيبَ الدَّمَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ يَقُولُ {لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ} [البقرة 179] الدِّمَاءَ إِذَا خَافَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ بِهِ  

[Machine] That Rabi'a, the daughter of Nadr, broke the necklace of a servant girl, so they presented compensation to her, but she refused. They then offered forgiveness, but she still refused. So, they went to the Prophet ﷺ , who ordered retribution. Anas ibn Nadr, her brother, came and said, "O Messenger of Allah, would you really break the necklace of Rabi'a?" He replied, "No, I swear by the One who sent you with the truth, her necklace will not be broken." Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "O Anas, the law of God is retribution." He responded, "The people have agreed and forgiven." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Verily, among the servants of Allah are those who, if they were to swear by Allah, would fulfill it."  

أَنَّ الرُّبَيِّعَ بِنْتَ النَّضْرِ كَسَرَتْ ثَنِيَّةَ جَارِيَةٍ فَعَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْشَ فَأَبَوْا وَعَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَفْوَ فَأَبَوْا فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِالْقِصَاصِ فَجَاءَ أَخُوهَا أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَتَكْسِرُ ثَنِيَّةَ الرُّبَيِّعِ؟ لَا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا تُكْسَرُ ثَنِيَّتُهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا أَنَسُ كِتَابُ اللهِ الْقِصَاصُ قَالَ فَرَضِيَ الْقَوْمُ فَعَفَوْا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي عِمِّيَّا أَوْ رِمِّيَّا تَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ سَوْطٍ فَعَلَيْهِ عَقْلُ خَطَأٍ وَمَنْ قَتَلَ عَمْدًا فَقَوَدُ يَدِهِ وَمَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ وَصَلَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فِي آخَرِينَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنْ طَاوُسٍ مُرْسَلًا 15885 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ وَكَانَ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِنَّ مَنِ اعْتَبَطَ مُؤْمِنًا قَتْلًا عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ قَوَدٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْضَى أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا