[Machine] In his statement, "So whoever has been forgiven by his brother for something, then it is ordained for him to follow that which is good" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], it is said that it was written for the people of the Torah that whoever kills a soul without justification, he should be punished for it and should not be pardoned, and the "diyah" (blood money) should not be accepted from him. It was also prescribed for the people of the Gospel that he should be pardoned and not be killed. As for the nation of Muhammad ﷺ , it is left to him whether to kill, take the "diyah," or pardon. This is what his statement means, "That is a concession from your Lord and a mercy." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178]. The "diyah" is considered a concession from Allah because He made it an alternative to killing. Then it is mentioned, "So whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178]. This means that whoever kills after taking the "diyah" will be subjected to a painful punishment. And it is stated in his statement, "And there is for you in legal retribution [saving of] life" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:179], it means that through legal retribution, some of you avoid being killed by others out of fear.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة 178] الْآيَةَ قَالَ كَانَ كُتِبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ حُقَّ أَنْ يُقَادَ بِهَا وَلَا يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ وَفُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ وَرُخِّصَ لَأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الدِّيَةَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ الدِّيَةُ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللهِ؛ إِذْ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ ثُمَّ قَالَ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ} [البقرة 179] يَقُولُ لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَنْتَهِي بِهَا بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ  

[Machine] In His saying, "So whoever is forgiven something from his brother" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], it is said that if a person is intentionally killed, and the guardian of the deceased forgives the killer and does not seek retaliation, and accepts the compensation for blood, it should be done with good conduct. It is said to encourage the seeker to ask nicely, then the requested person returns and says, "And pay him in good conduct" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], meaning that the requested person should pay the blood compensation in good conduct to the one seeking it. It is mentioned that it was written in the Torah, and it was mentioned in a similar manner in the narration of Ash-Shafi'i. And in His saying, "Then for him is a painful punishment" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], it is said that if a person accepts the blood compensation and then kills, there is a painful punishment for him. It is said that the reason is that when a person is killed, his guardian seeks retribution and the killer hides. The guardian of the deceased says, "I accept the blood compensation" and the killer accepts it until the killer emerges, then the guardian of the deceased kills him, even though the blood compensation was already accepted before. And he used to say, "I only accepted the blood compensation so that the killer would return, and then I would kill him when he appeared." Allah says, "So whoever is aggressive" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178], and kills after accepting the blood compensation, "Then for him is a painful punishment" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178].  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ بِعَمْدٍ فَعَفَا عَنْهُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ وَلَمْ يَقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ وَقَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يَقُولُ لِيُحْسِنِ الطَّلَبَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَطْلُوبِ فَقَالَ {وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ لِيُؤَدِّ الْمَطْلُوبُ إِلَى الطَّالِبِ الدِّيَةَ بِإِحْسَانٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ كَتَبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] يَقُولُ مَنْ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ يَقُولُ مُوجِعٌ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ إِذَا قُتِلَ حَمِيمٌ لَهُ تَوَارَى الْقَاتِلُ فَيَقُولُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ إِنِّي أَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ فَيَقْبَلُهَا حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ الْقَاتِلُ فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ وَقَدْ قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَكَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا قَبِلْتُ الدِّيَةَ لِيَرْجِعَ الْقَاتِلُ فَأَقْتُلَهُ إِذَا ظَهَرَ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى} [البقرة 178] وَقَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِهِ {فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178]  

[Machine] "Allah has prescribed for this nation the law of retaliation in cases of murder: free man for free man, slave for slave, and female for female. But whoever is granted clemency by his brother (the victim), then it should be followed by kindness and compensation to the best of their ability. This is a relief from your Lord. It is similar to what was prescribed for those before you. And whoever transgresses after this, there shall be a painful punishment for him." [Quran 2:178]

16035 Ali ibn Abdullah narrated that Mujahid informed him that Amr ibn Dinar said: Ibn Abbas narrated to me, mentioning it in similar words.  

اللهُ ﷻ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ الْعَفْوُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ {فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ} [البقرة 178] مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة 178] 16035 وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُجَاهِدٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ  

[Machine] The punishment for the children of Israel was written to be retribution, but I lighten it for you in the form of compensation. So whoever is forgiven some of it by his brother, must follow what is righteously good and pay him generously. He said it is a deliberate act where his family is satisfied with compensation. The claimant follows with fairness and delivers, meaning the demanded amount, with excellence. That is a favor from your Lord and a mercy. He said it is something that the children of Israel were obligated to do.  

كُتِبَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ وَأُرَخِّصُ لَكُمْ فِي الدِّيَةِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ هُوَ الْعَمْدُ يَرْضَى أَهْلُهُ بِالدِّيَةِ فَيَتْبَعُ الطَّالِبُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَيُؤَدِّي يَعْنِي الْمَطْلُوبَ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة 178] قَالَ مِمَّا كَانَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ  

that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed Allah made Makkah sacred, it was not made sacred by the people. Whoever believes in Allah, and the Last Day, then let them not shed blood in it, nor cut down any of its trees. If one tries to make an excuse by saying: 'It was made lawful for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ' then indeed Allah made it lawful for me but He did not make it lawful for the people, and it was only made lawful for me for an hour of a day. Then it is returned to being sacred until the Day of Judgement. Then, to you people of Khuza'ah who killed this man from Hudhail: I am his 'Aqil, so whomever (one of his relatives) is killed after today, then his people have two options; either they have him killed, or they take the blood-money from him.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1406)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ فِيهَا دَمًا وَلَا يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرًا فَإِنِ ارْتَخَصَ أَحَدٌ فَقَالَ أُحِلَّتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّ اللهَ أَحَلَّهَا لِي وَلَمْ يُحِلَّهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِ ثُمَّ هِيَ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ يَا خُزَاعَةُ قَدْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ وَأَنَا وَاللهِ عَاقِلُهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَهُ قَتِيلًا فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ إِنْ أَحَبُّوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَخَذُوا الْعَقْلَ  

[Machine] I heard the Prophet of Allah ﷺ say, "Whoever is afflicted with bloodshed or insanity has three options: if he desires a fourth option, then take hold of his hands, either to seek retribution or to pardon and take his compensation. If he accepts anything from that, but returns to it afterwards, then he will have the Fire."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِدَمٍ أَوْ خَبْلٍ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ وَيَأْخُذَ الْعَقْلَ فَإِنْ قَبِلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ عَدَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ النَّارَ  

In the year of the Conquest of Mecca, the tribe of Khuzaʿa killed a man from the tribe of Bani Laith in revenge for a killed person, belonging to them. They informed the Prophet ﷺ about it. So he rode his Rahila (she-camel for riding) and addressed the people saying, "Allah held back the killing from Mecca. (The sub-narrator is in doubt whether the Prophet ﷺ said "elephant or killing," as the Arabic words standing for these words have great similarity in shape), but He (Allah) let His Apostle and the believers over power the infidels of Mecca. Beware! (Mecca is a sanctuary) Verily! Fighting in Mecca was not permitted for anyone before me nor will it be permitted for anyone after me. It (war) in it was made legal for me for few hours or so on that day. No doubt it is at this moment a sanctuary, it is not allowed to uproot its thorny shrubs or to uproot its trees or to pick up its Luqat (fallen things) except by a person who will look for its owner (announce it publicly). And if somebody is killed, then his closest relative has the right to choose one of the two-- the blood money (Diyya) or retaliation having the killer killed. In the meantime a man from Yemen came and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Get that written for me." The Prophet ﷺ ordered his companions to write that for him. Then a man from Quraish said, "Except Al-Idhkhir (a type of grass that has good smell) O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as we use it in our houses and graves." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Except Al-Idhkhir i.e. Al-Idhkhir is allowed to be plucked." (Using translation from Bukhārī 112)   

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ خُزَاعَةَ قَتَلُوا رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ عَامَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ بِقَتِيلٍ مِنْهُمْ قَتَلُوهُ فَأُخْبِرَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ فَخَطَبَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ حَبَسَ عَنْ مَكَّةَ الْفِيلَ وَسَلَّطَ عَلَيْهَا رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي وَلَنْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدِي أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا سَاعَتِي هَذِهِ حَرَامٌ لَا يُخْتَلَى شَوْكُهَا وَلَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا وَلَا يَلْتَقِطُ سَاقِطَتَهَا إِلَّا مُنْشِدٌ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُعْطَى الدِّيَةَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ أَهْلُ الْقَتِيلِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شَاهٍ فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ اكْتُبُوا لِأَبِي شَاهٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَإِنَّا نَجْعَلُهُ فِي بُيُوتِنَا وَقُبُورِنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ  

[Machine] In the year of the conquest of Mecca, Khuzay'ah killed a man from the tribe of Banī Layth, and this man had killed one of them during the pre-Islamic era. The Prophet mentioned this incident in a similar manner except that he said, "Whoever has a slain relative, then he has the option to either accept a ransom or take revenge." Abdullah ibn Raja' narrated it from Harb.  

أَنَّهُ عَامَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ قَتَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ بِقَتِيلٍ لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُودَى وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ قَالَ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ ثنا حَرْبٌ  

[Machine] When Mecca was conquered, Huthayl killed a man from the tribe of Layth in retaliation for a killing that occurred during the pre-Islamic period. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed of this, and he mentioned the incident with a similar statement, except that he said, "And whoever is killed as a result, he is considered to have better vision, either to be captured or to be avenged." Abu Amr Al-Adib reported to us that Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili narrated to us that Abu Ya'la narrated to us that Harun ibn Ma'roof narrated to us that Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us from Al-Awza'i, and he mentioned it with a similar statement, except that he said, "Either to be ransomed or to be killed." This hadith has been recorded in Sahih from the narration of Al-Walid ibn Muslim.  

لَمَّا فُتِحَتْ مَكَّةُ قَتَلَتْ هُذَيْلٌ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ بِقَتِيلٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُفَادَى 16042 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ ثنا أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُفْدَى وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever kills intentionally, the blood money will be given to the heirs of the victim. If they wish, they can kill the perpetrator, or if they wish, they can accept the blood money." In the narration of Wail ibn Hujr from the Prophet ﷺ , when the killer was brought in captivity, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked the guardian of the victim, "Will you forgive?" He replied, "No." He then asked, "Will you take the blood money?" He replied, "No." The Prophet ﷺ then said, "Then you may kill him." He said, "Yes." The Prophet ﷺ commanded him to take him away, and this is mentioned in the chapter of forgiveness with its chain of narrators.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا دُفِعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْقَتِيلِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوهُ وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيَةَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ جِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْقَاتِلِ يُقَادُ فِي نِسْعَةٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِوَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ أَتَعْفُو؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَقْتُلُهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اذْهَبْ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ فِي بَابِ الْعَفْوِ مَذْكُورٌ بِإِسْنَادِهِ