49. Chapter
٤٩۔ كِتَابُ النَّفَقَاتِ
The Prophet ﷺ said: Then you, Khuza'ah, have killed this man of Hudhayl, but I will pay his blood-wit. After these words of mine if a man of anyone is killed, his people will have a choice to accept blood-wit or to kill him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4504)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَلَا إِنَّكُمْ مَعْشَرَ خُزَاعَةَ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ وَإِنِّي عَاقِلُهُ فَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ بَعْدَ مَقَالَتِي هَذِهِ قَتِيلٌ فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا الْعَقْلَ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا
Sa'id said: Umar ibn al-Khattab said: Blood-money is meant for the clan of the slain, and she will not inherit from the blood-money of her husband. Ad-Dahhak ibn Sufyan said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to me that I should give a share to the wife of Ashyam ad-Dubabi from the blood-money of her husband. So Umar withdrew his opinion. Ahmad ibn Salih said: AbdurRazzaq transmitted this tradition to us from Ma'mar, from az-Zuhri on the authority of Sa'id. In this version he said: The Prophet ﷺ made him governor over the bedouins. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2927)
لَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُوَرِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ ؓ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ وَقَالَ فِيهِ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الْأَعْرَابِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Indeed, intelligence is a shared inheritance among the heirs of the deceased based on their proximity. So whatever remains, belongs to the closest relatives." He also decreed that the intelligence of a woman is divided among her relatives who do not inherit from her, except for what is left after her heirs have received their share. And if she is killed, her intelligence is also divided among her heirs, even though they killed her murderer.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ الْعَقْلَ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَةِ الْقَتِيلِ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِمْ فَمَا فَضَلَ فَلِلْعَصَبَةِ قَالَ وَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ عَقْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ بَيْنَ عَصَبَتِهَا مَنْ كَانُوا لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَا فَضَلَ عَنْ وَرَثَتِهَا وَإِنْ قُتِلَتْ فَعَقْلُهَا بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهَا وَهُمْ يَقْتُلُونَ قَاتِلَهَا
[Machine] The free man has inheritance among his heirs, which they divide among themselves according to their shares, just as they divide his inheritance. This was decreed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The free woman also has inheritance among her heirs, which they divide among themselves just as they divide her inheritance. Her tribe is responsible for her if she kills or injures someone. This was decreed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Amr bin Harim said that Jabir bin Zaid was asked about the brother from the mother, whether he inherits from the blood money if he is not from his father. He said, "Yes, Umar bin Khattab and Ali bin Abi Talib gave him the inheritance rights. Shuraikh also said, and Umar used to say that his blood money is like his inheritance."
الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهِ مَنْ كَانُوا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى فَرَائِضِهِمْ كَمَا كَانُوا يَقْسِمُونَ مِيرَاثَهُ قَضَى بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَقْلُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهَا مَنْ كَانُوا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ كَمَا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ مِيرَاثُهَا وَيَعْقِلُ عَنْهَا عَصَبَتُهَا إِذَا قَتَلَتْ قَتِيلًا أَوْ جَرَحَتْ جَرِيحًا قَضَى بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ هَرِمٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنِ الْأَخِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ هَلْ يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَدْ وَرَّثَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ وَشُرَيْحٌ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا دِيَتُهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مِيرَاثِهِ
[Machine] "He said, 'It is indeed an injustice for one who does not give the siblings anything from the mother's inheritance as compensation.'"
أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَقَدْ ظَلَمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُوَرِّثِ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئًا
[Machine] The blood money is divided according to the obligations of Allah, and every inheritor inherits from it.
الدِّيَةُ تُقْسَمُ عَلَى فَرَائِضِ اللهِ ﷻ فَيَرِثُ مِنْهَا كُلُّ وَارِثٍ