49. Chapter

٤٩۔ كِتَابُ النَّفَقَاتِ

49.83 [Machine] The Collective Punishment of Retribution for Lesser Crimes Allah, the Almighty, says: "We ordained there in for them: 'Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal.' But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity, it shall be for him an expiation. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the wrongdoers." [Quran 5:45] Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "I am not aware of any disagreement regarding the application of retribution in this verse, as Allah narrates that it was decreed among the people of the Torah. He also mentioned the meaning of what is meant by...

٤٩۔٨٣ جُمَّاعُ أَبْوَابِ الْقِصَاصِ فِيمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ} [المائدة: 45] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ خِلَافًا فِي أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، كَمَا حَكَى اللهُ، أَنَّهُ حُكِمَ بِهِ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا مَعْنَى مَا

bayhaqi:16093Abū Zakariyyā b. Abū Isḥāq And ʾAbū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan Waʾabū Saʿīd b. Abū ʿAmr > Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Aṣam > Baḥr b. Naṣr > ʿAbdullāh b. Wahb > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar > Abū al-Naḍr > a man Qām > ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ Wahū > al-Minbar > Yā Amīr al-Muʾminīn Ẓalamanī ʿĀmiluk Waḍarabanī > ʿUmar Wa-al-Lh Laʾuqīdannak Minh Idh > ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ Yā Amīr al-Muʾminīn Watuqīd from ʿĀmilik

[Machine] "Yes, by Allah, I will surely execute them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ executed some of them with his own hands, and Abu Bakr executed some of them with his own hands as well. Should I not execute them? Amr ibn al-As said, "Is there anything else, O Commander of the Believers?" He said, "And what is it?" He said, "Does it not please him?" He said, "No, this is severed and we have narrated it as connected and continuous in the chapter of killing the Imam."  

البيهقي:١٦٠٩٣أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ظَلَمَنِي عَامِلُكَ وَضَرَبَنِي فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللهِ لَأُقِيدَنَّكَ مِنْهُ إِذًا فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَتُقِيدُ مِنْ عَامِلِكَ؟ قَالَ

نَعَمْ وَاللهِ لَأُقِيدَنَّ مِنْهُمْ أَقَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَأَقَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ أَفَلَا أُقِيدُ؟ قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ أَوَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ أَوَمَا يُرْضِيهِ؟ قَالَ أَوْ ذَلِكَ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مَوْصُولًا وَمُرْسَلًا فِي بَابِ قَتْلِ الْإِمَامِ  

bayhaqi:16094Abū Zakariyyā b. Abū Isḥāq al-Muzakkī > Abū al-Ḥasan Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-ʿAnazī > ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Dārimī > ʿAbdullāh b. Ṣāliḥ > Muʿāwiyah b. Ṣāliḥ > ʿAlī b. Abū Ṭalḥah > Ibn

[Machine] In His saying ﷻ {a life for a life} [Al-Ma'idah 45], He stated that a life is taken for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose is cut off for a nose, a tooth is pulled out for a tooth, and a wound is retaliated with a wound. This is applicable to all free Muslim men and women among themselves, as long as it concerns intentional injury and not lesser harm.  

البيهقي:١٦٠٩٤وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ} [المائدة 45] قَالَ تُقْتَلُ النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ وَتُفْقَأُ الْعَيْنُ بِالْعَيْنِ وَيُقْطَعُ الْأَنْفُ بِالْأَنْفِ وَتُنْزَعُ السِّنُّ بِالسِّنِّ وَيُقْتَصُّ الْجِرَاحُ بِالْجِرَاحِ فَهَذَا يَسْتَوِي فِيهِ أَحْرَارُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ رِجَالُهُمْ وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ عَمْدًا فِي النَّفْسِ وَمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ  

bayhaqi:16095Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī from Aṣl Kitābih > Abū Saʿīd b. al-Aʿrābī > al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Zaʿfarānī > ʿAffān > Ḥammād > Thābit > Anas

Retribution, retribution. Umm Rubayyi' said: Messenger of Allah, will retribution be taken from so and so? By Allah, it shall not be taken from her (i. e. from Umm Haritha). Thereupon Allah's Apostle said: Hallowed be Allah. O Umm Rubayyi', Qisas (retribution is a command, prescribed) in the Book of Allah. She said: No, by Allah, Qisas will never be taken from her; and she went on saying this until they (the relatives of the one who had been injured) accepted the blood-wit. Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Verily there are amongst the servants of Allah (such pious persons) who, if they take oath of Allah, He honours it. (Using translation from Muslim 1675)   

البيهقي:١٦٠٩٥أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ ثنا عَفَّانُ ثنا حَمَّادٌ ثنا ثَابِتٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ

أَنَّ أُخْتَ الرُّبَيِّعِ أُمَّ حَارِثَةَ جَرَحَتْ إِنْسَانًا فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقِصَاصَ الْقِصَاصَ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ الرُّبَيِّعِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَيُقْتَصُّ مِنْ فُلَانَةَ وَاللهِ لَا يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ الْقِصَاصُ كِتَابُ اللهِ قَالَتْ وَاللهِ لَا يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا قَالَ فَمَا زَالَتْ حَتَّى قَبِلُوا الدِّيَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ  

رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ عَفَّانَ
bayhaqi:16096Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh > Abū al-Faḍl ʿAbdūs b. al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr > Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī > al-Anṣārī > Ḥumayd al-Ṭawīl > Anas b. Mālik

That his aunt, Ar-Rubai' broke an incisor tooth of a girl. My aunt's family requested the girl's relatives for forgiveness but they refused; then they proposed a compensation, but they refused. Then they went to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and refused everything except Al-Qisas (i.e. equality in punishment). So Allah's Apostle passed the judgment of Al-Qisas (i.e. equality of punishment). Anas bin Al-Nadr said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Will the incisor tooth of Ar-Rubai be broken? No, by Him Who sent you with the Truth, her incisor tooth will not be broken." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Anas! The prescribed law of Allah is equality in punishment (i.e. Al-Qisas.)" Thereupon those people became satisfied and forgave her. Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Among Allah's Worshippers there are some who, if they took Allah's Oath (for something), Allah fulfill their oaths." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4500)   

البيهقي:١٦٠٩٦وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ عَبْدُوسُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ ثنا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ ثنا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ

لَطَمَتِ الرُّبَيِّعُ بِنْتُ النَّضْرِ جَارِيَةً فَكَسَرَتْ ثَنِيَّتَهَا فَطَلَبُوا إِلَيْهِمُ الْعَفْوَ فَأَبَوْا وَعَرَضُوا الْأَرْشَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِالْقِصَاصِ فَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَتُكْسَرُ ثَنِيَّةُ الرُّبَيِّعِ؟ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا تُكْسَرُ ثَنِيَّتُهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا أَنَسُ كِتَابُ اللهِ الْقِصَاصُ فَرَضِيَ الْقَوْمُ فَعَفَوْا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ظَاهِرُ الْخَبَرَيْنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى كَوْنِهِمَا قِصَّتَيْنِ وَإِلَّا فَثَابِتٌ أَحْفَظُ