[Machine] I asked Ali, "Do you have anything from the Prophet ﷺ other than the Quran?" He replied, "No, by the One who split the seed and created the soul, except that Allah may grant understanding to a servant in His Book and what is in the scrolls." I asked, "And what is in the scrolls?" He said, "Knowledge, the emancipation of prisoners, and that a Muslim should not be killed in place of a disbeliever." Abu Amr Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Adib narrated to us, Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili informed me, Abu Ya'la informed us, Harun ibn Ma'ruf informed us, Sufyan narrated to us, from Matarif who said, "I heard Ash-Sha'bi say, Abu Juhaifa informed me that I asked Ali, and he mentioned something similar to it."  

قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ سِوَى الْقُرْآنِ؟ فَقَالَ لَا وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَ اللهُ عَبْدًا فَهْمًا فِي كِتَابِهِ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ؟ قَالَ الْعَقْلُ وَفِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ 15908 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ يَقُولُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو جُحَيْفَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ  

[Machine] Abu Amr Al-Addib informed us that Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili informed us that Yusuf Al-Qadi narrated from Amr ibn Marzouq who narrated from Zuhair from Mutarif from 'Amir from Abu Juhayfah who said: I said to Ali, "O Commander of the Faithful, do you have any revelation among you?" He said, "No, by the One who split the grain and created the breeze, I only know through understanding that Allah grants to a man. As for what is in the written pages, I asked, 'What is in the written pages?' He said, 'Reasoning and the liberation of a captive. And a believer should not be killed by a polytheist.' Zuhair said, 'So I asked Mutarif, what is the liberation of a captive?' He said, 'To be freed from the enemy.' This is the established practice (Sunnah). And Mutarif said, 'Reasoning is the well-founded intellect.'"  

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أنبأ يُوسُفُ الْقَاضِي ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ أنبأ زُهَيْرٌ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ لَا وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ مَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا فَهْمًا يُعْطِيهِ اللهُ ﷻ رَجُلًا وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ؟ قَالَ الْعَقْلُ وَفِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِمُشْرِكٍ قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ فَقُلْتُ لِمُطَرِّفٍ وَمَا فِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ؟ قَالَ أَنْ يُفَكَّ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ جَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ وَقَالَ مُطَرِّفٌ الْعَقْلُ الْمَعْقُلَةُ  

I set out with al-Ashtar to go to ‘Ali ؓ . We said: Did the Prophet of Allah ﷺ tell you something that he did not tell to all the people? He said: No, except what is in this document. He [the narrator] said: A document in the sheath of this sword. In it was said: “The believers are equal in respect of blood and they are one against their enemies; protection given even by the least among them is to be honoured, but no believer is to be killed (in retaliation) for a disbeliever and no one who has a covenant is to be killed during the covenant. Whoever commits an offence or gives refuge to an offender, upon him be the curse of Allah, the angels and all the people.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 993)   

أَتَيْنَا عَلِيًّا ؓ أَنَا وَجَارِيَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ السَّعْدِيُّ فَقُلْنَا هَلْ مَعَكَ عَهْدٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا مَا فِي قِرَابِ سَيْفِي فَأَخْرَجَ لَنَا مِنْهُ كِتَابًا فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ أَلَا لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَحْدَثَ حَدَثًا أَوْ آوَى مُحْدِثًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of the conquest, "A believer should not be killed in retaliation for an unbeliever." Imam Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "This is a consensus among the people of military expeditions that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned it in his sermon on the day of the conquest. It is narrated from the Prophet ﷺ in a Musnad hadith from the narration of Amr ibn Shu'ayb and the narration of Imran ibn Husain." The sheikh said, "As for the hadith of Amr..."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا عَامٌّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَهُوَ يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُسْنَدًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ وَحَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرٍو  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon to the people during the year of the conquest, saying, "O people, there is no oath in the pre-Islamic era that increases in importance or value in Islam. And in Islam, there is no oath except that Muslims have the upper hand over others and strive to fulfill their promises to the best of their ability. The Muslims respond to their enemies in the farthest reaches, while their forces respond to them in their own territories. A believer should not be killed for a disbeliever, as the blood money for a disbeliever is only half the blood money for a believer. There is no consanguinity or affinity, and their charities are not to be taken except in their own dwellings. This is a saying attributed to Yunus bin Bukayr."  

خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ حِلْفٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً وَلَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ تُرَدُّ سَرَايَاهُمْ عَلَى قَعَدَتِهِمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ دِيَةُ الْكَافِرِ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِ لَا جَلَبَ وَلَا جَنَبَ وَلَا تُؤْخَذُ صَدَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا فِي دُورِهِمْ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Muslims are equal in respect of blood. The lowest of them is entitled to give protection on behalf of them, and the one residing far away may give protection on behalf of them. They are like one hand over against all those who are outside the community. Those who have quick mounts should return to those who have slow mounts, and those who got out along with a detachment (should return) to those who are stationed. A believer shall not be killed for an unbeliever, nor a confederate within the term of confederation with him. Ibn Ishaq did not mention retaliation and equality in respect of blood. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2751)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سُوَاهُمْ يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ وَمُتَسَرِّعُهُمْ عَلَى قَاعِدِهِمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِمْرَانَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of conquest, "Did you not see what your companion Hilal ibn Umayyah has done? If I had killed a believer in retaliation for a disbeliever, I would have killed him and paid the blood money for him." So, we paid the blood money. The sons of Mudlij came with us, bringing a flock of sheep that I have never seen better in color. The sons of Mudlij used to be allies of the Banu Ka'ab tribe in the pre-Islamic period. Al-Waqidi also narrated it from Umar ibn Uthman from Abd al-Malik ibn Ubayd, except that he mentioned Khirash ibn Umayyah instead of Hilal ibn Umayyah and did not mention the blood money or what happened after that.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى مَا صَنَعَ صَاحِبُكُمْ هِلَالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ؟ لَوْ قَتَلْتُ مُؤْمِنًا بِكَافِرٍ لَقَتَلْتُهُ فَدُوهُ فَوَدَيْنَاهُ وَبَنُو مُدْلِجٍ مَعَنَا فَجَاءُوا بِغَنَمٍ عُفْرٍ لَمْ أَرَ أحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَلْوَانًا وَكَانَتْ بَنُو مُدْلِجٍ حُلَفَاءَ بَنِي كَعْبٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ خِرَاشُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بَدَلَ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَلَمْ يذْكُرِ الدِّيَةَ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا  

[Machine] In the list of the Prophet's swords, two books were found. One of them mentioned: "The believers' blood is equal, and the lowest among them should strive for their protection. A Muslim should not be killed by a non-believer or a person with whom he has a treaty. People of two religions should not inherit from each other, and a woman should not marry her paternal or maternal aunt. Also, there should be no prayer after Asr until the sunset, and a woman should not travel for more than three nights except with a mahram (a close male relative). This mahram is Ubaidullah ibn 'Abdul Rahman ibn Muhab. Malik is the son of Abu Al-Rijal, and Abu Al-Rijal is Muhammad ibn 'Abdul Rahman Al-Ansari, from whom his son Malik narrated."  

وُجِدَ فِي قَائِمِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كِتَابَانِ فَذَكَرَ أَحَدَهُمَا قَالَ وَفِي الْآخَرِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ وَلَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا وَلَا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ وَلَا تُسَافِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ ابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ هُوَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ وَمَالِكٌ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ وَأَبُو الرِّجَالِ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُهُ مَالِكٌ  

ʿThe believers are equal in respect of blood and they are one against their enemies; protection given even by the least among them is to be honoured, but no believer is to be killed (in retaliation) for a disbeliever and no one who has a covenant is to be killed during the covenant.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 991)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ