[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Believers are as brethren, their bloods are equal and they support one another against those outside their community.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet wrote a letter to the people of Yemen containing information about inheritances, traditions, and compensation. He sent it with Amr ibn Hazm, who carried the letter alongside him. It was mentioned in the letter that a man may be killed by a woman.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ فِيهِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالدِّيَاتُ وَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَكَانَ فِيهِ وَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ  

[Machine] That a Jew killed a young girl openly, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ killed him in retaliation.  

أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا قَتَلَ جَارِيَةً عَلَى أَوْضَاحٍ فَقَتَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِهَا  

[Machine] I asked Ali, "Do you have anything from the Prophet ﷺ other than the Quran?" He replied, "No, by the One who split the seed and created the soul, except that Allah may grant understanding to a servant in His Book and what is in the scrolls." I asked, "And what is in the scrolls?" He said, "Knowledge, the emancipation of prisoners, and that a Muslim should not be killed in place of a disbeliever." Abu Amr Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Adib narrated to us, Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili informed me, Abu Ya'la informed us, Harun ibn Ma'ruf informed us, Sufyan narrated to us, from Matarif who said, "I heard Ash-Sha'bi say, Abu Juhaifa informed me that I asked Ali, and he mentioned something similar to it."  

قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ سِوَى الْقُرْآنِ؟ فَقَالَ لَا وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَ اللهُ عَبْدًا فَهْمًا فِي كِتَابِهِ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ؟ قَالَ الْعَقْلُ وَفِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ 15908 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ يَقُولُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو جُحَيْفَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ  

[Machine] Abu Amr Al-Addib informed us that Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili informed us that Yusuf Al-Qadi narrated from Amr ibn Marzouq who narrated from Zuhair from Mutarif from 'Amir from Abu Juhayfah who said: I said to Ali, "O Commander of the Faithful, do you have any revelation among you?" He said, "No, by the One who split the grain and created the breeze, I only know through understanding that Allah grants to a man. As for what is in the written pages, I asked, 'What is in the written pages?' He said, 'Reasoning and the liberation of a captive. And a believer should not be killed by a polytheist.' Zuhair said, 'So I asked Mutarif, what is the liberation of a captive?' He said, 'To be freed from the enemy.' This is the established practice (Sunnah). And Mutarif said, 'Reasoning is the well-founded intellect.'"  

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أنبأ يُوسُفُ الْقَاضِي ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ أنبأ زُهَيْرٌ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ لَا وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ مَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا فَهْمًا يُعْطِيهِ اللهُ ﷻ رَجُلًا وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ؟ قَالَ الْعَقْلُ وَفِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِمُشْرِكٍ قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ فَقُلْتُ لِمُطَرِّفٍ وَمَا فِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ؟ قَالَ أَنْ يُفَكَّ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ جَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ وَقَالَ مُطَرِّفٌ الْعَقْلُ الْمَعْقُلَةُ  

I set out with al-Ashtar to go to ‘Ali ؓ . We said: Did the Prophet of Allah ﷺ tell you something that he did not tell to all the people? He said: No, except what is in this document. He [the narrator] said: A document in the sheath of this sword. In it was said: “The believers are equal in respect of blood and they are one against their enemies; protection given even by the least among them is to be honoured, but no believer is to be killed (in retaliation) for a disbeliever and no one who has a covenant is to be killed during the covenant. Whoever commits an offence or gives refuge to an offender, upon him be the curse of Allah, the angels and all the people.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 993)   

أَتَيْنَا عَلِيًّا ؓ أَنَا وَجَارِيَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ السَّعْدِيُّ فَقُلْنَا هَلْ مَعَكَ عَهْدٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا مَا فِي قِرَابِ سَيْفِي فَأَخْرَجَ لَنَا مِنْهُ كِتَابًا فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ أَلَا لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَحْدَثَ حَدَثًا أَوْ آوَى مُحْدِثًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of the conquest, "A believer should not be killed in retaliation for an unbeliever." Imam Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "This is a consensus among the people of military expeditions that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned it in his sermon on the day of the conquest. It is narrated from the Prophet ﷺ in a Musnad hadith from the narration of Amr ibn Shu'ayb and the narration of Imran ibn Husain." The sheikh said, "As for the hadith of Amr..."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا عَامٌّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَهُوَ يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُسْنَدًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ وَحَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرٍو  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon to the people during the year of the conquest, saying, "O people, there is no oath in the pre-Islamic era that increases in importance or value in Islam. And in Islam, there is no oath except that Muslims have the upper hand over others and strive to fulfill their promises to the best of their ability. The Muslims respond to their enemies in the farthest reaches, while their forces respond to them in their own territories. A believer should not be killed for a disbeliever, as the blood money for a disbeliever is only half the blood money for a believer. There is no consanguinity or affinity, and their charities are not to be taken except in their own dwellings. This is a saying attributed to Yunus bin Bukayr."  

خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ حِلْفٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً وَلَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ تُرَدُّ سَرَايَاهُمْ عَلَى قَعَدَتِهِمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ دِيَةُ الْكَافِرِ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِ لَا جَلَبَ وَلَا جَنَبَ وَلَا تُؤْخَذُ صَدَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا فِي دُورِهِمْ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Muslims are equal in respect of blood. The lowest of them is entitled to give protection on behalf of them, and the one residing far away may give protection on behalf of them. They are like one hand over against all those who are outside the community. Those who have quick mounts should return to those who have slow mounts, and those who got out along with a detachment (should return) to those who are stationed. A believer shall not be killed for an unbeliever, nor a confederate within the term of confederation with him. Ibn Ishaq did not mention retaliation and equality in respect of blood. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2751)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سُوَاهُمْ يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ وَمُتَسَرِّعُهُمْ عَلَى قَاعِدِهِمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عِمْرَانَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of conquest, "Did you not see what your companion Hilal ibn Umayyah has done? If I had killed a believer in retaliation for a disbeliever, I would have killed him and paid the blood money for him." So, we paid the blood money. The sons of Mudlij came with us, bringing a flock of sheep that I have never seen better in color. The sons of Mudlij used to be allies of the Banu Ka'ab tribe in the pre-Islamic period. Al-Waqidi also narrated it from Umar ibn Uthman from Abd al-Malik ibn Ubayd, except that he mentioned Khirash ibn Umayyah instead of Hilal ibn Umayyah and did not mention the blood money or what happened after that.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى مَا صَنَعَ صَاحِبُكُمْ هِلَالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ؟ لَوْ قَتَلْتُ مُؤْمِنًا بِكَافِرٍ لَقَتَلْتُهُ فَدُوهُ فَوَدَيْنَاهُ وَبَنُو مُدْلِجٍ مَعَنَا فَجَاءُوا بِغَنَمٍ عُفْرٍ لَمْ أَرَ أحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَلْوَانًا وَكَانَتْ بَنُو مُدْلِجٍ حُلَفَاءَ بَنِي كَعْبٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ خِرَاشُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بَدَلَ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَلَمْ يذْكُرِ الدِّيَةَ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا  

[Machine] In the list of the Prophet's swords, two books were found. One of them mentioned: "The believers' blood is equal, and the lowest among them should strive for their protection. A Muslim should not be killed by a non-believer or a person with whom he has a treaty. People of two religions should not inherit from each other, and a woman should not marry her paternal or maternal aunt. Also, there should be no prayer after Asr until the sunset, and a woman should not travel for more than three nights except with a mahram (a close male relative). This mahram is Ubaidullah ibn 'Abdul Rahman ibn Muhab. Malik is the son of Abu Al-Rijal, and Abu Al-Rijal is Muhammad ibn 'Abdul Rahman Al-Ansari, from whom his son Malik narrated."  

وُجِدَ فِي قَائِمِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كِتَابَانِ فَذَكَرَ أَحَدَهُمَا قَالَ وَفِي الْآخَرِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ وَلَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا وَلَا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ وَلَا تُسَافِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ إِلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ ابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ هُوَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ وَمَالِكٌ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ وَأَبُو الرِّجَالِ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُهُ مَالِكٌ  

ʿThe believers are equal in respect of blood and they are one against their enemies; protection given even by the least among them is to be honoured, but no believer is to be killed (in retaliation) for a disbeliever and no one who has a covenant is to be killed during the covenant.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 991)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ killed a Muslim man with a covenant (of protection) and said, "I am the most honorable of those who fulfill their covenants." This is an error from two aspects: one is that it connects the narration to Ibn Umar, when in fact it is from Ibn Baylamani's narration that is connected to the Prophet ﷺ, and the other is that it is narrated from Ibrahim from Rabi'ah, when in fact Ibrahim narrates it from Ibn al-Munkadir. The burden of this narration falls on Ammar ibn Matar al-Rahawi, as he used to alter the chains of narration and steal hadiths, until this became frequent in his narrations, and it becomes invalid as evidence.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَتَلَ مُسْلِمًا بِمُعَاهِدٍ وَقَالَ أَنَا أَكْرَمُ مَنْ وَفَى بِذِمَّتِهِ هَذَا خَطَأٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا وَصَلَهُ بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا وَالْآخَرُ رِوَايَتُهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ وَإِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ وَالْحَمْلُ فِيهِ عَلَى عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَطَرٍ الرَّهَاوِيِّ فَقَدْ كَانَ يُقَلِّبُ الْأَسَانِيدَ وَيَسْرِقُ الْأَحَادِيثَ حَتَّى كَثُرَ ذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَاتِهِ وَسَقَطَ عَنْ حَدِّ الِاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ  

[Machine] A man from the Muslims killed a man from the people of the Book, so he was brought to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am more deserving to fulfill the obligations towards him." Then he ordered for him to be killed. This is the original ruling in this matter, and it is disconnected, and the narrator is not trustworthy. It has been narrated from Rabi'ah from Abdur Rahman bin Al-Baylamani from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a Mursal narration.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ وَفَى بِذِمَّتِهِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ هَذَا هُوَ الْأَصْلُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَرَاوِيهِ غَيْرُ ثِقَةٍ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] A man from the dhimmis came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "Indeed, we made a covenant with you and pledged allegiance to you regarding such and such, and a man from among us was chosen and killed." So he said, "I am more entitled to fulfill his covenant than he, so allow me to retaliate against him."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّا عَاهَدْنَاكَ وَبَايَعْنَاكَ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَدْ خُتِرَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَّا فَقُتِلَ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ أَوْفَى بِذِمَّتِهِ فَأَمْكَنَهُ مِنْهُ فَضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ appointed a Muslim to kill a Jew, and Ar-Ramadi said that he appointed a Muslim to kill a dhimmi, and he said, 'I am more entitled than anyone to fulfill my pledge.' It is said that Rabi'ah took this from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Yahya, and the narration revolves around it, with the number 15921. Abu Abdur Rahman Muhammad ibn Al Husayn As-Sulami informed us that Abu Al Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad Al Karizi narrated to us from Ali ibn Abdul Aziz who said: Abu Ubaid Al Qasim ibn Salam narrated to me, I heard Ibn Abi Yahya narrating from Ibn Al Munkadir, and I heard Abu Yusuf narrating from Rabi'ah Ar-Ra'i, both of them narrated from Ibn Al Bailamani. Then it was conveyed to me from Ibn Abi Yahya that he said, 'I narrated this to Rabi'ah with this hadith, for indeed the hadith revolves around Ibn Abi Yahya from Abdur Rahman ibn Al Bailamani that the Prophet ﷺ appointed a Muslim with a treaty and said, 'I am more entitled than anyone to fulfill my pledge.' Abu Ubaid said, 'This is a hadith that is not supported (by strong narrators), and nothing like it can be relied upon. As for what is shed in the blood of Muslims, Abu Ubaid said, 'Abdur Rahman ibn Mahdi informed me from Abd Al Wahid ibn Ziyad who said, 'I said to Zufar, "You say that you repel evidence with doubts, yet you have come with the greatest of doubts." He said, 'And what is it?' I said, 'A Muslim is killed by a disbeliever.' He said, 'So bear witness, yourself, that I retract from this.' He said, 'And this is also the saying of the people of Hijaz, they do not bind him with it.' As for his saying, 'And not for the one with a treaty within his treaty,' indeed the one with a treaty from the people of Dar Al Harb who enters upon us with safety, his killing is forbidden upon the Muslims until he returns to his place of safety.' The origin of this is from His saying, 'And if anyone of the Mushrikun seeks your protection then grant him protection so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and then escort him to where he is secure.' (Quran 9:6)."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَادَ مُسْلِمًا قَتَلَ يَهُودِيًّا وَقَالَ الرَّمَادِيُّ أَقَادَ مُسْلِمًا بِذِمِّيٍّ وَقَالَ أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ وَفَى بِذِمَّتِي وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ رَبِيعَةَ إِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى وَالْحَدِيثُ يَدُورُ عَلَيْهِ 15921 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَارِزِيُّ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي يَحْيَى يُحَدِّثُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ يُحَدِّثُهُ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ الرَّأْيِ كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ ثُمَّ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَنَا حَدَّثْتُ رَبِيعَةَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَإِنَّمَا دَارَ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَادَ مُسْلِمًا بِمُعَاهِدٍ وَقَالَ أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ وَفَى بِذِمَّتِهِ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَيْسَ بِمُسْنَدٍ وَلَا يُجْعَلُ مِثْلُهُ أمِا مَّا يُسْفَكُ بِهِ دِمَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِزُفَرَ إِنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّا نَدْرَأُ الْحَدَّ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ وَإِنَّكُمْ جِئْتُمْ إِلَى أَعْظَمِ الشُّبُهَاتِ فَأَقْدَمْتُمْ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ الْمُسْلِمُ يُقْتَلُ بِالْكَافِرِ قَالَ فَاشْهَدْ أَنْتَ عَلَى رُجُوعِي عَنْ هَذَا قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ لَا يُقِيدُونَهُ بِهِ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ فَإِنَّ ذَا الْعَهْدِ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ يَدْخُلُ إِلَيْنَا بِأَمَانٍ فَقَتْلُهُ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَأْمَنِهِ وَأَصْلُ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ {وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ} [التوبة 6]  

[Machine] I met Zufar, so I said to him, "You have become a topic of conversation among people and a source of laughter." He asked, "And what is that?" I replied, "You say about everything that the boundaries should be avoided through doubts and you came to the greatest boundaries and said they should be upheld through doubts." He asked, "And what is that?" I said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'A believer is not killed by a disbeliever,' and you said he should be killed by him." He said, "Indeed, I bear witness to you that I have turned away from it." Abu Al-Husayn ibn Al-Fadl Al-Qattan narrated to us in Baghdad that Abdullah ibn Ja'far reported to him, narrated to me Ya'qub ibn Sufyan Al-Farisi, narrated to me Muhammad ibn Abdul Rahim who said that Ali ibn Al-Madini narrated the Hadith of Ibn Baylamani that the Prophet ﷺ killed a Muslim with a peace agreement. This is only being circulated around Ibn Abi Yahya, who has no credibility, Hajjaj took it from him. And Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz reported to us that Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Faqih al-Bukhari narrated to us Salih ibn Muhammad al-Hafiz who said that Abdul Rahman ibn Baylamani's Hadith is rejected, and it was narrated from him by Rabee'ah that the Prophet ﷺ killed a Muslim with a peace agreement and he is a rejected narrator. Abu Bakr ibn Al-Harith al-Faqih reported to us, he said, Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Umar al-Daraqutni Al-Hafiz, Ibn Baylamani is weak, his reports cannot be relied upon, so how about what he narrates? And Allah knows best.  

لَقِيتُ زُفَرَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ صِرْتُمْ حَدِيثًا فِي النَّاسِ وَضُحْكَةً قَالَ وَمَا ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ تَقُولُونَ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ كُلِّهَا ادْرَءُوا الْحُدُودَ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ وَجِئْتُمْ إِلَى أَعْظَمِ الْحُدُودِ فَقُلْتُمْ تُقَامُ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ قَالَ وَمَا ذَلِكَ؟ قُلْتُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ فَقُلْتُمْ يُقْتَلُ بِهِ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ السَّاعَةَ أَنِّي قَدْ رَجَعْتُ عَنْهُ 15923 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْفَارِسِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَتَلَ مُسْلِمًا بِمُعَاهِدٍ هَذَا إِنَّمَا يَدُورُ عَلَى ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى لَيْسَ لَهُ وَجْهٌ حَجَّاجٌ إِنَّمَا أَخَذَهُ عَنْهُ 15924 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَنْبَأَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ ثنا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ حَدِيثُهُ مُنْكَرٌ وَرَوَى عَنْهُ رَبِيعَةُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَتَلَ مُسْلِمًا بِمُعَاهِدٍ وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ مُنْكَرٌ 15925 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ ضَعِيفٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ إِذَا وَصَلَ الْحَدِيثَ فَكَيْفَ بِمَا يُرْسِلُهُ؟ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Zaid bin Thabit, do you want me to detain your slave from your brother? So Umar left, and settled the matter with him through diyyah.  

زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَتُقِيدُ عَبْدَكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ؟ فَتَرَكَ عُمَرُ ؓ الْقَوَدَ وَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِالدِّيَةِ  

[Machine] "He said, 'O people of the treaty, you have betrayed me and handed him over to me, I shall kill him with it.' Abu Ubaydah bin al-Jarrah said, 'That is not for you.' Then he prayed and called Abu Ubaydah and asked, 'Why did you think I would not kill him with it?' Abu Ubaydah replied, 'Did you not see that if he killed one of his slaves, would you kill him with it?' Umar remained silent and then he ordered a severe punishment of one thousand dinars upon him."  

عُمَرُ ؓ قَدْ وَقَعْتُمْ بِأَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُ بِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ ؓ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَكَ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ دَعَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَالَ لِمَ زَعَمْتَ لَا أَقْتُلُهُ بِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ ؓ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ قَتَلَ عَبْدًا لَهُ أَكُنْتَ قَاتِلَهُ بِهِ؟ فَصَمَتَ عُمَرُ ؓ ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ مُغَلِّظًا عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] A man from the Banu Bakr bin Wail killed a man from the people of Hira. Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote concerning him that he should be handed over to the guardians of the murdered man. If they choose to kill him, they can, and if they choose to pardon him, then he should be handed over to the guardian of the murdered man, a man named Hunayn from the people of Hira. He killed him and Umar wrote afterwards, "If the man had not been killed, do not kill him." So they saw that Umar wanted to satisfy them with blood money. Imam al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said that which Umar returned to is the most deserving, and perhaps he wanted to frighten him with the threat of death without actually killing him. The one who spoke with him, you have already narrated that Umar wrote concerning a Muslim who kills a Christian, "If the killer was engaged in combat, then kill him, and if he was not engaged in combat, then leave him and do not kill him." Imam al-Shafi'i said, "We have already narrated this, so follow Umar as he said. Do you still have any doubts about this?" The person replied, "We have no doubts, nor any objections. These are fragmented or weak hadiths, or they may be different narrations that are combined."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَنْ يُدْفَعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا عَفَوْا فَدُفِعَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حُنَيْنٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ فَلَا تَقْتُلُوهُ فَرَأَوْا أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرَضِّيَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ الَّذِي رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِهِ وَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُخِيفَهُ بِالْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَقْتُلُهُ قَالَ الَّذِي تَكَلَّمَ مَعَهُ فَقَدْ رَوَيْتُمْ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَتَبَ فِي مُسْلِمٍ قَتَلَ نَصْرَانِيًّا إِنْ كَانَ الْقَاتِلُ قَتَّالًا فَاقْتُلُوهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ قَتَّالٍ فَذَرُوهُ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوهُ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ عُمَرَ ؓ كَمَا قَالَ فَأَنْتَ لَا تَتَّبِعُهُ فِيمَا قَالَ قَالَ فَيَثْبُتُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قُلْنَا وَلَا حَرْفٌ وَهَذِهِ أَحَادِيثُ مُنْقَطِعَاتٌ أَوْ ضِعَافٌ أَوْ تَجْمَعُ الِانْقِطَاعَ وَالضَّعْفَ جَمِيعًا  

[Machine] Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote in a document concerning a Muslim who killed a non-Muslim man. He wrote, "If it was a mistake made in anger, then the compensation should be four thousand (currency) units. But if it was intentional theft, then he should be executed."  

كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فِي مُسْلِمٍ قَتَلَ مُعَاهِدًا فَكَتَبَ إِنْ كَانَتْ طَيْرَةً فِي غَضِبٍ فَأَغْرِمْ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ لِصًّا عَادِيًا فَاقْتُلْهُ  

[Machine] A Muslim man killed a man from the people of the dhimma in Sham. The case was brought to Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah who wrote about it to Umar ibn al-Khattab. Umar wrote back, "If this is his character, then execute him and strike his neck. But if it was just an accident, then grant him four thousand dirhams."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مُسْلِمًا قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ بِالشَّامِ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنْ كَانَ ذَاكَ مِنْهُ خُلُقًا فَقَدِّمْهُ وَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ هِيَ طَيْرَةً طَارَهَا فَأَغْرِمْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ  

[Machine] A Muslim man killed a man from the dhimmi (non-Muslim protected) community intentionally, and the case was brought to Uthman. Uthman did not have him killed but enforced a heavy blood money penalty on him, equal to the blood money of a Muslim.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مُسْلِمًا قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ عَمْدًا وَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ ؓ فَلَمْ يقْتُلْهُ وَغَلَّظَ عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةَ مِثْلَ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ  

[Machine] Uthman and Muawiyah did not distinguish between the polytheist and the first Muslim, the former was connected and the latter was disconnected.  

كَانَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ وَمُعَاوِيَةُ لَا يُقِيدَانِ الْمُشْرِكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِ الْأَوَّلُ مَوْصُولٌ وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ  

[Machine] Shas the leper killed a man from the people of Sham, so he was brought to Uthman. He ordered his execution, but Zubair and some companions of the Prophet ﷺ advised against it. He then set his blood money at one thousand dinars. Al-Shafi'i said, "I say that this is from the narration of an ignorant person. If it is not established, then abandon using it as evidence. And if it is established, then you have claimed that he intended to kill him, and he was prevented by some companions of the Prophet ﷺ . So he returned to them. This is Uthman and some companions of the Prophet ﷺ unanimously agreed that a Muslim should not be killed by a disbeliever. So how did you differ from them?"  

شَاسٍ الْجُذَامِيَّ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الشَّامِ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ ؓ فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ فَكَلَّمَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ ؓ وَنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ؓ فَنَهَوْهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ دِيَتَهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ قُلْتُ هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْ يجْهَلُ فَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ثَابِتٍ فَدَعِ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَقَدْ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ فَمَنَعَهُ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعَ لَهُمْ فَهَذَا عُثْمَانُ ؓ وَأُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مُجْمِعُونَ أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ فَكَيْفَ خَالَفَتْهُمُ  

[Machine] "No, rather his killing would not be retaliated against me and they would compensate me, so I agreed. He said, 'You know best who has our responsibility, so his blood is like our blood, and his blood money is like our blood money.' Hasan said this and others said it was Husayn ibn Maymun. He informed us Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Asbahani said: Abu al-Hasan al-Daraqutni, Hafiz, Abu al-Janub, Dha'if al-Hadith, said al-Shafi'i in the old and in the hadith of Abu Juhaifa from Ali, 'What shows you that Ali does not narrate from the Prophet ﷺ anything and he says otherwise?'"  

لَا وَلَكِنْ قَتْلُهُ لَا يَرُدُّ عَلَيَّ أَخِي وَعَوَّضُونِي فَرَضِيتُ قَالَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ذِمَّتُنَا فَدَمُهُ كَدَمِنَا وَدِيَتُهُ كَدِيَتِنَا كَذَا قَالَ حَسَنٌ وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ 15935 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْجَنُوبِ ضَعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مَا دَلَّكُمْ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَا يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْئًا وَيَقُولُ بِخِلَافِهِ  

[Machine] Bakr and Umar did not kill free men by killing a slave. Ali said, and Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Muqri narrated to us, and Ahmad ibn al-Abbas al-Tabari narrated to us, and Ismail ibn Sa'id narrated to us, and Abbād ibn al-Awwām narrated from Umar ibn 'Āmir, and al-Hajjaj narrated from Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, the like of that is equal.  

بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ ا كَانَا لَا يَقْتُلَانِ الْحُرَّ بِقَتْلِ الْعَبْدِ 15937 قَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الطَّبَرِيُّ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ وَالْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءٌ  

[Machine] "That a free person should not be killed for a slave."  

أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ حُرٌّ بِعَبْدٍ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "A free man should not be killed in retaliation for a slave in this chain of narration."  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا يُقْتَلُ حُرٌّ بِعَبْدٍ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ضَعْفٌ  

[Machine] And Abdullah was in the desert, killing the slave. They said, "This force is cut off."  

وَعَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ ا فِي الْحُرِّ يَقْتُلُ الْعَبْدَ قَالَا الْقَوَدُ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ  

[Machine] And the son of Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When a free person intentionally kills a slave, it is considered qawad (a blood price paid to the family of the deceased). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No argument can be made against it, because it is predestined.  

وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ ا إِذَا قَتَلَ الْحُرُّ الْعَبْدَ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَهُوَ قَوَدٌ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ  

"A free man should not be subjected to retaliation in return for a slave." (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4518)   

لَا يُقَادُ الْحُرُّ بِالْعَبْدِ  

[Machine] That a free Muslim should not be killed by a slave even if the slave intentionally killed him and has the mental capacity.  

بِأَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ الْحُرُّ الْمُسْلِمُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا وَعَلَيْهِ الْعَقْلُ  

[Machine] About 'Ataa' like him  

عَنْ عَطَاءٍ مِثْلَهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ Said: If anyone kills his slave, we shall kill him, and if anyone cuts off the nose of his slave, we shall cut off his nose. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4515)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ وَمَنْ جَدَعَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ وَمَنْ خَصَاهُ خَصَيْنَاهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever kills his slave, we will kill him, and whoever mutilates his slave, we will mutilate him." Qatadah said, "Then Al-Hasan forgot this hadeeth." He said, "A free man should not be killed for killing a slave." The sheikh said, "It seems that Al-Hasan did not forget the hadeeth, but he refrained from narrating it due to its weakness. And most of the people of knowledge refrained from narrating from Al-Hasan from Samurah. And some of them went so far as to say that he did not hear anything from him except for the hadeeth of Al-Aqeeqah." 15947 Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, narrating from Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who said, "I heard Al-Abbas ibn Muhammad say, 'I heard Yahya ibn Ma'in say, "Abu An-Nadr Hashim ibn Al-Qasim narrated from Shu'bah, who said, 'Al-Hasan did not hear anything from Samurah.'" He said, "And I heard Yahya ibn Ma'in say, 'Al-Hasan did not hear anything from Samurah.'" He said, "It is a lie." Yahya said about the hadeeth of Al-Hasan from Samurah, "Whoever kills his slave, we will kill him." That is among what the people of Baghdad heard, and Al-Hasan did not hear from Samurah. As for Ali ibn Al-Madini, he confirmed that Al-Hasan heard from Samurah. And Allah knows best.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ وَمَنْ جَدَعَ عَبْدَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ نَسِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ لَا يُقْتَلُ حُرٌّ بِعَبْدٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَسَنُ لَمْ ينْسَ الْحَدِيثَ لَكِنْ رَغِبَ عَنْهُ لِضَعْفِهِ وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ رَغِبُوا عَنْ رِوَايَةِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يسْمَعْ مِنْهُ غَيْرَ حَدِيثِ الْعَقِيقَةِ 15947 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ لَمْ يسْمَعِ الْحَسَنُ مِنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ وَسَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ لَمْ يسْمَعِ الْحَسَنُ مِنْ سَمُرَةَ شَيْئًا هُوَ كِتَابٌ قَالَ يَحْيَى فِي حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ ذَاكَ فِي سَمَاعِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّينَ وَلَمْ يسْمَعِ الْحَسَنُ مِنْ سَمُرَةَ وَأَمَّا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ فَكَانَ يُثْبِتُ سَمَاعَ الْحَسَنِ مِنْ سَمُرَةَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] My master accused me and sat me on fire until my genitals burned. Then Umar said to her, "Did you see that on yourself?" She said, "No." He said, "Did you confess to him about anything?" She said, "No." Umar said, "Then it is upon you." When Umar saw the man, he said, "Are you being punished with the punishment of Allah?" The man said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, I accused her of it herself." He said, "Did you see that on her?" The man said, "No." He said, "Did she confess to you about it?" He said, "No." Umar said, "By the One in whose hand is my soul, if I had not heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'A slave should not be punished for the sins of his master or a child for the sins of his father,' I would have cut it off from you." So he exposed him and whipped him a hundred lashes and said to the slave girl, "Go, for you are free for the sake of Allah, and you are the property of Allah and His Messenger." Abu Salih said, and Layth said, and this statement is supported by the hadith report 15949. Abu Sa'id al-Malini narrated to us, and Abu Ahmad ibn Adi al-Hafiz narrated to us, and Abdul Adab and Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Nasr al-Ramli said, they both narrated to us, and Abdul Malik ibn Shu'ayb narrated to me, and my father narrated to me, and Layth ibn Sa'd narrated to me, and Umar ibn Isa mentioned it in this way. Abu Ahmad said, "And I do not know this hadith."  

إِنَّ سَيِّدِي اتَّهَمَنِي فَأَقْعَدَنِي عَلَى النَّارِ حَتَّى احْتَرَقَ فَرْجِي فَقَالَ لَهَا عُمَرُ ؓ هَلْ رَأَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكِ؟ قَالَتْ لَا قَالَ فَهَلِ اعْتَرَفْتِ لَهُ بِشَيْءٍ؟ قَالَتْ لَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ عَلَيَّ بِهِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى عُمَرُ الرَّجُلَ قَالَ أَتُعَذِّبُ بِعَذَابِ اللهِ؟ قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اتَّهَمْتُهَا فِي نَفْسِهَا قَالَ رَأَيْتَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا؟ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لَا قَالَ فَاعْتَرَفَتْ لَكَ بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ لَا قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ لَمْ أَسْمَعْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا يُقَادُ مَمْلُوكٌ مِنْ مَالِكِهِ وَلَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ وَالِدِهِ لَأَقَدْتُهَا مِنْكَ فَبَرَزَهُ وَضَرَبَهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ وَقَالَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ اذْهَبِي فَأَنْتِ حُرَّةٌ لِوَجْهِ اللهِ وَأَنْتِ مَوْلَاةُ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ مَعْمُولٌ بِهِ 15949 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ ثنا عَبْدَانُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ قَالَا ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عِيسَى فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] There was a man named Zinba' who had a slave named Sander or the son of Sander. He found him kissing his slave girl, so he grabbed him, slapped his face, and broke his ears and nose. He then went to the Messenger of Allah, may ﷺ , and the Messenger sent to Zinba', saying: "Do not burden them with what they cannot bear, and feed them with what you eat, and clothe them with what you wear. And if you dislike them, then sell them, and if you are pleased with them, then keep them. And do not torture the creation of Allah." Then the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whoever is demeaned or burned with fire, he is free, for he is the slave of Allah and His Messenger." So the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , emancipated him. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, give me advice." He said: "I advise you to be kind to every Muslim."  

كَانَ لِزِنْبَاعٍ عَبْدٌ يُسَمَّى سَنْدَرًا أَوِ ابْنَ سَنْدَرٍ فَوَجَدَهُ يُقَبِّلُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ فَأَخَذَهُ فجَبَّهُ وَجَدَعَ أُذُنَيْهِ وَأَنْفَهُ فَأَتَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى زِنْبَاعٍ فَقَالَ لَا تُحَمِّلُوهُمْ مَا لَا يُطِيقُونَ وَأَطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ وَاكْسُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَلْبَسُونَ وَمَا كَرِهْتُمْ فَبِيعُوا وَمَا رَضِيتُمْ فَأَمْسِكُوا وَلَا تُعَذِّبُوا خَلْقَ اللهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ مُثِّلَ بِهِ أَوْ حُرِّقَ بِالنَّارِ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ وَهُوَ مَوْلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَوْصِ بِي فَقَالَ أُوصِي بِكَ كُلَّ مُسْلِمٍ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو مُخْتَصِرًا وَلَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ وَرَوَى عَنْ سَوَّارٍ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] A man intentionally killed his slave, so the Prophet ﷺ sentenced him to one hundred lashes, banished him for a year, confiscated his property from the Muslims, but did not enslave him. He also commanded him to free a slave.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَلَدَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ وَنَفَاهُ سَنَةً وَمَحَا سَهْمَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَمْ يُقِدْهُ بِهِ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , was presented with a man who intentionally killed his slave. The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , lashed him with one hundred lashes and banished him for a year. He also confiscated his property from the Muslims and did not accept any ransom from him. It was narrated that Isma'il ibn 'Ayyash narrated from Ishaq ibn Abi Farwah, from 'Amr ibn Shu'aib, from his father, from his grandfather, from the Prophet, ﷺ , with a similar narration.  

أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَلَدَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِائَةً وَنَفَاهُ سَنَةً وَمَحَا سَهْمَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَمْ يُقِدْهُ بِهِ 15953 قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] Bakr and Umar used to say that a believer should not be killed for his servant, but he should be punished and imprisoned, and his share of inheritance should be denied. The chains of these hadiths are weak and do not serve as evidence, except that most of the scholars agree that a man should not be killed for his servant, and we have narrated it from Sulaiman ibn Yasar, Sha'bi, Az-Zuhri, and others.  

بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ ا كَانَا يَقُولَانِ لَا يُقْتَلُ الْمُؤْمِنُ بِعَبْدِهِ وَلَكِنْ يُضْرَبُ وَيُطَالُ حَبْسُهُ وَيُحْرَمُ سَهْمَهُ أَسَانِيدُ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ ضَعِيفَةٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا الْحُجَّةُ إِلَّا أَنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ الرَّجُلُ بِعَبْدِهِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمْ  

[Machine] He has the choice to either free a slave or fast for two consecutive months.  

لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَيَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً أَوْ لِيَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ  

[Machine] The translation of "فِيهِ ثَمَنُهُ" into English is "It has a price."  

فِيهِ ثَمَنُهُ  

[Machine] Its price is high, beyond reach.  

قِيمَتُهُ بَالِغَةٌ مَا بَلَغَتْ  

[Machine] About Al-Hasan and Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib regarding a slave who is killed mistakenly, they said: "The compensation for the slave must be paid according to what he was worth."  

عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي الْعَبْدِ يُقْتَلُ خَطَأً قَالَا ثَمَنُهُ مَا بَلَغَ  

[Machine] Ali, Abdullah, and Shurayh said: "His price, even if he is replaced by the blood money of a free man, was informed to me by Abu Abdullah as a permission." Abu al-Walid narrated it to us, who was narrated by Al-Hasan bin Sufyan, who was narrated by Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah, who was narrated by Muhammad bin Bakr, from Ibn Jurayj, from Abd al-Karim. He mentioned it in his sending between him and Abd al-Karim.  

عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ وَشُرَيْحٍ قَالُوا ثَمَنُهُ وَإِنْ خُلِّفَ دِيَةُ الْحُرِّ أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِجَازَةً أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ فَذَكَرَهُ وَفِيهِ إِرْسَالٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I prefer to sit with a group of people who remember Allah after the Fajr prayer until the sun rises, more than having eight of Ishmael's children as a ransom for each of them, which amounts to twelve thousand ransoms in total, and I prefer to sit with a group of people who remember Allah after the Asr prayer until the sun sets, more than being granted freedom for eight of Ishmael's children."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَأَنْ أَجْلِسَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يَذْكُرُونَ اللهَ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ إِلَى أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ وَلَأَنْ أَجْلِسَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يَذْكُرُونَ اللهَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ ثَمَانِيَةً مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ دِيَةُ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفًا  

[Machine] If a free person is killed, the matter is referred to the relatives of the murdered person. If they wish, they can kill the murderer, and if they wish, they can accept blood money. The sheikh said, if they wish, they can accept blood money, and they wanted to sell it in the blood money of the murdered person. And Allah knows best.  

إِذَا قَتَلَ الْعَبْدُ الْحُرَّ رُفِعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا اسْتَحْيَوْهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ إِنْ شَاءُوا اسْتِحْيَاءَهُ وَأَرَادُوا الدِّيَةَ بِيعَ فِي دِيَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] The slaves are led by the slave in every matter that he is capable of, but not less than that.  

يُقَادُ الْمَمْلُوكُ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فِي كُلِّ عَمْدٍ يَبْلُغُ نَفْسَهُ فَمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] "Umar prepared for me 120 camels until I could advance upon you. So when Umar arrived, he took thirty humps, thirty shanks, and forty hinds from those camels. Then he said, 'Where is the brother of the slain?' He said, 'Here I am.' Umar said, 'Take them, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The killer shall not have anything extra." Abu Abdullah added in his narration, 'Al-Shafi'i said, and I have learned from a number of knowledgeable people that the parent should not be killed by the child,' and with that, I say: The Sheikh said, 'This hadith is disconnected,' and Al-Shafi'i confirmed it by stating that a number of knowledgeable people also believe in it, and it has been narrated consecutively."  

عُمَرُ أَعْدِدْ لِي عَلَى قُدَيْدٍ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةَ بَعِيرٍ حَتَّى أَقْدَمَ عَلَيْكَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ أَخَذَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلِ ثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَثَلَاثِينَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْنَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ؟ قَالَ هَأَنَذَا قَالَ خُذْهَا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَيْءٌ زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَدْ حَفِظْتُ عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ لَقِيتُهُمْ أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ الْوَالِدُ بِالْوَلَدِ وَبِذَلِكَ أَقُولُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ فأَكَّدَّهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِأَنَّ عَدَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلَمِ يَقُولُ بِهِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا