the first man who discussed Qadar (Divine Decree) in Baṣrah was Maʿbad al-Juhanī. I along with Ḥumayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ḥimyarī set out for pilgrimage or for ʿUmrah and said: Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, we shall ask him about what is talked about Qadar. Accidentally we came across ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, while he was entering the mosque. My companion and I surrounded him. One of us ˹stood˺ on his right and the other stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I, therefore, said: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, there have appeared some people in our land who recite the Quran and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about their affairs, added: They claim that there is no such thing as Qadar and events are not predestined. He said: When you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible for my ˹belief˺. ʿAbdullāh b ʿUmar swore by Allah: If any one of them had with him gold equal to the bulk of ˹the mountain˺ Uḥud and spent it ˹for the sake of Allah˺, Allah would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in the Qadar.

He further said: My father, ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, told me: One day we were sitting in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure white clothes. His hair was extraordinarily black. There were no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last, he sat with the Prophet ﷺ. He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs,

then said: Muhammad, inform me about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Islam implies that: (1) you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and (2) you establish prayer, (3) pay Zakat, (4) observe the fast of Ramadan, and (5) perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough ˹to bear the expense of˺ the journey.” ˹The inquirer˺ said: You have told the truth. ˹ʿUmar˺ said: It amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the truth.

˹The inquirer˺ said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He replied: “That (1) you affirm your faith in Allah, (2) in His angels, (3) in His Books, (4) in His Apostles, (5) in the Day of Judgment, and (6) you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil.” ˹The inquirer˺ said: You have told the truth.

˹The inquirer˺ again said: Inform me about Iḥsān (excellence in deeds). He said: ”That (1) you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, (2) for though you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you.”

˹The inquirer˺ again said: Inform me about the Hour (of the Last Day). He remarked: ”One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring.” ˹The inquirer˺ said: Tell me some of its indications. He said: ”That (1) the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and master, that (2) you will find barefooted, destitute goat herders vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings.”

˹ʿUmar˺ said: Then ˹the inquirer˺ went on his way but I stayed with (the Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: "ʿUmar, do you know who this inquirer was?" I replied: Allah and His Messenger know best. He remarked: "He was Jibrīl (Angel Gabriel). He came to you in order to teach you in your religion."

كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ۔ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ، فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ۔ فَوُفِّقَ لَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ دَاخِلاً الْمَسْجِدَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي أَحَدُنَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَالآخَرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ۔ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ۔ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَذَكَرَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ، وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ۔ قَالَ: فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي، وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ، مَا قَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ۔

ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ، شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ۔ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ۔ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ۔

وَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ۔ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الإِسْلاَمُ (١) أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، (٢) وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ، (٣) وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، (٤) وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ، (٥) وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً۔» قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ۔ قَالَ: فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ!

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ (١) تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ، (٢) وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ، (٣) وَكُتُبِهِ، (٤) وَرُسُلِهِ، (٥) وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، (٦) وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ۔» قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ۔

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ (١) تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، (٢) فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ۔»

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ۔ قَالَ: «مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ۔» قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَتِهَا۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا، وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ۔»

قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: «يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ۔ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ۔»

I observed prayer with Abu Musa al-Ashʿari and when he was in the qaʿdah, one among the people said: The prayer has been made obligatory along with piety and Zakat. He (the narrator) said: When Abu Musa had finished the prayer after salutation he turned (towards the people) and said: Who amongst you said such and such a thing? A hush fell on the people. He again said: Who amongst you has said such and such a thing? A hush fell on the people. He (Abu Musa) said: Hattan, it is perhaps you that have uttered it. He (Hattan) said No. I have not uttered it. I was afraid that you might be annoyed with me on account of this. A person amongst the people said: It was I who said it, and in this I intended nothing but good. Abu Musa said: Don't you know what you have to recite in your prayers? Verily the Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and explained to us all its aspects and taught us how to observe prayer (properly). He (the Holy Prophet) said: When you pray make your rows straight and let anyone amongst you act as your Imam. Recite the takbir when he recites it and when he recites: Not of those with whom Thou art angry, nor of those who go astray, say: Amin. Allah would respond you. And when he (the Imam) recites the takbir, you may also recite the takbir, for the Imam bows before you and raises himself before you. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The one is equivalent to the other. And when he says: Allah listens to him who praises Him, you should say: O Allah, our Lord, to Thee be the praise, for Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has vouchsafed (us) through the tongue of His Apostle ﷺ that Allah listens to him who praises Him. And when he (the Imam) recites the takbir and prostrates, you should also recite the takbir and prostrate, for the Imam prostrates before you and raises himself before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The one is equivalent to the other. And when he (the Imam) sits for Qaʿda (for tashahhud) the first words of every one amongst you should be: All services rendered by words, acts of worship and all good things are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Apostle, and Allah's mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the upright servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger.

صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى الأَشْعَرِيِّ صَلاَةً فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلاَةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى أَبُو مُوسَى الصَّلاَةَ وَسَلَّمَ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ يَا حِطَّانُ قُلْتَهَا قَالَ مَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَقَدْ رَهِبْتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أَنَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَمْ أُرِدْ بِهَا إِلاَّ الْخَيْرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ كَيْفَ تَقُولُونَ فِي صَلاَتِكُمْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَعَلَّمَنَا صَلاَتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمُ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

Hittan ibn Abdullah ar-Ruqashi said: AbuMusa al-Ash'ari led us in prayer. When he sat at the end of his prayer, one of the people said: Prayer has been established by virtue and purity. When AbuMusa returned (from his prayer or finished his prayer), he gave his attention to the people, and said: Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. He said: You might have said them, Hittan. He replied: I did not say them. I was afraid you might punish me. One of the people said: I said them and I did not intend by them (anything) except good. AbuMusa said: Do you not know how you utter (them) in your prayer? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us, and taught us and explained to us our way of doing and taught us our prayer. He said: When you pray a (congregational) prayer, straighten your rows, then one of you should lead you in prayer. When he says the takbir (Allah is Most Great), say the takbir, and when he recites verses "Not of those upon whom is Thy anger, nor of those who err" (i.e. the end of Surah i.), say Amin; Allah will favour you. When he says "Allah is most great," and bows, say "Allah is most great" and bow, for the imam will bow before you, and will raise (his head) before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he says "Allah listens to the one who praises Him," say: "O Allah, our Lord, to Thee be praise, Allah be praised," Allah will listen to you, for Allah, the Exalted, said by the tongue of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah listens to the one who praises Him." When he says "Allah is most great" and prostrates, say: "Allah is most great" and prostrate, for the imam prostrates before you and raises his head before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he sits, each one of you should say "The adorations of the tongue, all good things, and acts of worship are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's upright servants. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Apostle." This version of Ahmad does not mention the words "and His blessings" nor the phrase "and I testify"; instead, it has the words "that Muhammad."

صَلَّى بِنَا أَبُو مُوسَى الأَشْعَرِيُّ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ فِي آخِرِ صَلاَتِهِ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلاَةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا انْفَتَلَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ قَالَ فَلَعَلَّكَ يَا حِطَّانُ أَنْتَ قُلْتَهَا قَالَ مَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَقَدْ رَهِبْتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أَنَا قُلْتُهَا وَمَا أَرَدْتُ بِهَا إِلاَّ الْخَيْرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ كَيْفَ تَقُولُونَ فِي صَلاَتِكُمْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَعَلَّمَنَا صَلاَتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَرَأَ { غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ } فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ أَنْ يَقُولَ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ أَحْمَدُ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ وَلاَ قَالَ وَأَشْهَدُ قَالَ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا

The first to speak on Divine decree in al-Basrah was Maʿbad al Juhani. I and Humaid b. ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Himyari proceeded to perform Hajj or ʿUmrah. We said : would that we meet any of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that we could ask him about what they say with regard to divine decree. So Allah helped us to meet ʿAbd Allah b. ʿUmar who was entering the mosque. So I and my companion surrounded him, and I thought that my companion would entrust me the task of speaking to him. Then I said : Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, there appeared on our side some people who recite the Qur'an and are engaged in the hair-splitting of knowledge. They conceive that there is no Divine decree and everything happens freely without predestination. He said : When you meet those people, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. By Him by Whom swears ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar, if one of them has gold equivalent to Uhud and he spends it, Allah will not accept it from him until he believes in Divine decree. He then said : ‘Umar b. Khattab transmitted to me a tradition, saying : One day when we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a man with very white clothing and very black hair came up to us. No mark of travel was visible on him, and we did not recognize him. Sitting down beside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, leaning his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs, he said : tell me, Muhammad, about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said : Islam means that you should testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle, that you should observe prayer, pay Zakat, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj to the house (i.e., Kaʿbah), If you have the means to go. He said : You have spoken the truth. We were surprised at his questioning him and then declaring that he spoke the truth. He said : Now tell me about faith. He replied : It means that you should believe in Allah, his angels, his Books, his Apostles and the last day, and that you should believe in the decreeing both of good and evil. He said : You have spoken the truth. He said : now tell me about doing good (ihsan). He replied: It means that you should worship Allah as though you are seeing him; if you are not seeing him, he is seeing you. He said: Now tell me about the hour. He replied : The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the one who is asking. He said : Then tell me about its signs. He replied : That a maidservant should beget her mistress, and that you should see barefooted, naked, poor men and shepherds exalting themselves in buildings. ‘Umar said : He then went away, and I waited for three days, then he said : Do you know who the questioner was, ʿUmar? I replied : Allah and his Apostle know best. He said : He was Gabriel who came to you to teach you your religion.

كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَوَفَّقَ اللَّهُ لَنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ دَاخِلاً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَفَقَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ وَالأَمْرُ أُنُفٌ فَقَالَ إِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ مَا قَبِلَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعْرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ نَعْرِفُهُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ وَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ ثَلاَثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ

"The first person to speak about Al-Qadar was Ma'bad Al-Juhani." He said: "Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman Al-Himyari and I went out until we reached Al-Madinah, and we said: 'If we could only meet someone among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ so we could ask him about what those people have innovated." [He said:] "So we met him - meaning Abdullah bin 'Umar - while he was leaving the Masjid." [He said:] "My companion and I were on either side of him." [He said:] I thought my companion was going to leave the speaking to me so I said: "O Abu Abdur-Rahman! There is a group of people who recite the Qur'an and seek knowledge, and they claim there is no Al-Qadar, and that the affair is left to chance.' He said: "Whenever you meet those people, then tell them that I am not of them and they are not of me. By the One Whom Abdullah swears by! If one of them were to spend gold the like of Uhud (mountain) in charity, it would not be accepted from him until he believes in Al-Qadar; the good of it and the bad of it.'" He said: "Then he began to narrate, he said: "'Umar bin Al-Khattab said: "We were with the Messenger of Allah when a man came with extremely white garments, and extremely black hair. He had no appearance of traveling visible on him, yet none of us recognized him. He came until he reached the Prophet ﷺ. He put his knees up against his knees, and then said: "O Muhammad! What is Iman?' He said 'To believe in Allah, His Angels, His, Books, His Messengers, the Day of Judgement, and Al-Qadar, the good of it and the bad of it.' He said: 'Then what is Islam?' He said: 'Testifying to La Ilaha Illallah, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, establishing the Salat, giving the Zakat, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting (the month of) Ramadan.' He said: 'Then what is Ihsan?' He said 'That (is) you worship Allah as if you see Him, and although you do not see Him, He certainly sees you.' He said: 'For all of those he replied to him: 'You have told the truth.'" He said: "So we were amazed at him, he would ask, and then tell him that he is telling the truth. He said: 'Then when is the Hour?' He ﷺ said: 'The one being asked knows no more than the questioner.' He said: 'Then what are its signs?' He said: 'That the slave woman gives birth to her master, and that the naked, poor, and bare-footed shepherds rival each other in the height of the buildings.'" 'Umar said: 'Then the Prophet ﷺ met me three days after that and said: 'O 'Umar! Do you know who the questioner was? It was Jibril. He came to teach you about the matters of your religion.'"

أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا أَحْدَثَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمُ قَالَ فَلَقِينَاهُ يَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي قَالَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ قَوْمًا يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ قَالَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَأَنَّهُمْ مِنِّي بُرَآءُ وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ أَنْفَقَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا مَا قُبِلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَلْزَقَ رُكْبَتَهُ بِرُكْبَتِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَمَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ فَمَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ لَهُ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَتَعَجَّبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ أَصْحَابَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أَخْبَرَنَا كَهْمَسُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ

"Abu Musa led us in prayer and when he was sitting, a man from among the people entered and said: 'Prayer is based on righteousness and is always mentioned alongside Zakah (in the Qur'an).' When Abu Musa had said the Salam, he turned to the people and said: 'Which of you spoke these words?' The people kept quiet. Then he said: 'O Hittan, perhaps you said it?' He said: 'No, but I was afraid that you would rebuke me for it.' He said: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ taught us our prayer and Sunnah prayers, and he said: The Imam is appointed to be followed, so when he says the Takbir, say the Takbir; when he says "Not (the way) of those who earned Your Anger, nor of those who went astray," say Amin, and Allah will respond to you; when he rises up from bowing and says, 'Sami' Allalhu liman hamidah (Allah hears those who praise Him), say 'Rabbana lakal-hamd (Our Lord, to You be praise),' and Allah will hear you; when he prostrates, prostrate, and when he sits up, sit up. The Imam should prostrate before you do and sit up before you do.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that.'"

صَلَّى بِنَا أَبُو مُوسَى فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي الْقَعْدَةِ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلاَةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ قَالَ يَا حِطَّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قُلْتَهَا قَالَ لاَ وَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُعَلِّمُنَا صَلاَتَنَا وَسُنَّتَنَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا الإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ { غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ } فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَقَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَإِذَا سَجَدَ فَاسْجُدُوا وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ

He heard Abu Musa say: "The Prophet of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnah and our prayer. He said: 'When you pray, make your rows straight and let one of you lead you in prayer. When the Imam says the takbir, then say the takbir. When he recites 'Not (the way) of those who earned Your anger, nor those who went astray' then say: "Amin" and Allah will answer you. When he says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow. The Imam bows before you do and stands up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he says: "'Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him),' then say: "Allahumma Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (O Allah, our Lord, and to You be the praise), " Allah will hear you, for Allah has said on the lips of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." And when he (the Imam) says the takbir and prostrates, then say the takbir and prostrate. The Imam prostrates before you do and sits up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he is sitting, let the first thing that any one of you says be: At-tahiyaatut-tayyibatus-salawatuLillah, salamun 'alayka ayyuhanabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu, salamun 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadillahis-salihin, ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh (All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah, peace be upon you O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger)- seven phrases which are the greeting of the prayer.'"

إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَعَلَّمَنَا صَلاَتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ الإِمَامُ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَرَأَ { غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ } فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُو وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمُ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ سَلاَمٌ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ سَلاَمٌ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ سَبْعَ كَلِمَاتٍ وَهِيَ تَحِيَّةُ الصَّلاَةِ

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnahs and our prayer. He said: 'Make your rows straight, then let one of you lead the others. When he says the takbir, then say the takbir; when he says: "Wa lad-dallin" then say "Amin" and Allah (SWT) will answer you. When the Imam says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow, for the Imam bows before you and stands up before you.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. When he says: 'Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him), say: "Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (Our Lord, to You be praise)," Allah (SWT) will hear you, for indeed Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, has said on the tongue of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." Then when the Imam says the takbir and prostrates, say the takbir and prostrate, for the Imam prostrates before you and rises before you.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. Then when you are sitting, let the first thing that any one of you says be: At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat, as-salamu 'alaika ayyuhan-Nabiyyu wa rahmatAllahi wa baraktuhu. As-salamu 'alaina wa 'ala 'ibad illahis-salihin, ashahdu an la illaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu (Allah compliments, prayers and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah (SWT) and his blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah (SWT). I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger)."

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا صَلاَتَنَا فَقَالَ أَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ { وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ } فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ الإِمَامُ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ الإِمَامُ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ أَنْ يَقُولَ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnahs and our prayer. He said: 'When you stand for the prayer, make your rows straight, then let one of you lead the others. When he says the takbir, then say the takbir; when he says : "Wa lad-dallin" then say "Amin" and Allah (SWT) will answer you. Then when he says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow, for the Imam bows before you and stands up before you.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: "This makes up for that. When he says: 'Sami' Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him),' say: 'Allahumma, Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (O Allah, our Lord, to You be praise),' Allah will hear you, for indeed Allah (SWT), the Mighty and Sublime, has said on the tongue of His Prophet: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." Then when he says the takbir and prostrates, say the takbir and prostrate, for the Imam prostrates before you and rises before you.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. Then when you are sitting, let the following be among what one of you says: At-tahiyyatu lillahi wasalawatu wat-tayibaat, as-salamu 'alaika ayah-Nabiyyu wa rahmatAllahi wa baraktuhu. As-salamu 'alaina a 'ala ibad illahis-salihin, ashadu an la ilaha ill Allah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu. (All compliments, prayers and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be upon you O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.)"

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا صَلاَتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ { وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ } فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ أَنْ يَقُولَ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

"Umar bin Al-Khattab told me: 'While we were with the Messenger of Allah [SAW] one day, a man appeared before us whose clothes were exceedingly white and whose hair was exceedingly black. We could see no signs of travel on him, but none of us knew him. He came and sat before the Messenger of Allah [SAW], putting his knees against his, and placing his hands on his thighs, then he said: "O Muhammad, tell me about Islam." He said: "It is to bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah [SWT] and that Muhammad [SAW] is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the Salah, to give Zakah, to fast Ramadan, and to perform Hajj to the House if you are able to bear the journey." He said: "You have spoken the truth." And we were amazed by his asking him, and then saying, "You have spoken the truth". Then he said: "Tell me about Faith." He said: "It is to believe in Allah [SWT] , His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and in the Divine Decree, its good and its bad." He said: "You have spoken the truth." He said: "Tell me about Al-Ihsan." He said: "It is to worship Allah [SWT] as if you can see Him, for although you cannot see Him, He can see you." He said: "Tell me about the Hour." He said: "The one who is asked about it does not know more about it than the one who is asking." He said: "Then tell me about its signs." He said: "When a slave woman gives birth to her mistress, when you see the barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in making tall buildings.'" 'Umar said: 'Three (days) passed, then the Messenger of Allah [SAW] said to me: "O 'Umar, do you know who the questioner was?" I said: "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said: "That was Jibril, peace be upon him, who came to you to teach you your religion."

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ قَالَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ بِهَا مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَبِثْتُ ثَلاَثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ أَتَاكُمْ لِيُعَلِّمَكُمْ أَمْرَ دِينِكُمْ

"The Messenger of Allah [SAW] would sit among his Companions and if a stranger came, he would not know which of them was he (the Prophet [SAW]) until he asked. So we suggested to the Messenger of Allah [SAW] that we should make a dais for him so that any stranger would know him if he came to him. So we built for him a bench made of clay on which he used to sit. (One day) we were sitting and the Messenger of Allah [SAW] was sitting in his spot, when a man came along who was the most handsome and good-smelling of all people, and it was as if no dirt had ever touched his garments. He came near the edge of the rug and greeted him, saying: 'Peace be upon you, O Muhammad!' He returned the greeting, and he said: 'Shall I come closer, O Muhammad?' He came a little closer, and he kept telling him to come closer, until he put his hands on the knees of the Messenger of Allah [SAW]. He said: 'O Muhammad, tell me, what is Islam?' He said: 'Islam means to worship Allah and not associate anything with Him; to establish Salah, to pay Zakah, to perform Hajj to the House, and to fast Ramadan.' He said: 'If I do that, will I have submitted (be a Muslim)?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'You have spoken the truth,' we found it odd. He said: 'O Muhammad, tell me, what is faith?' He said: 'To believe in Allah [SWT], His Angels, the Book, the Prophets, and to believe in the Divine Decree.' He said: 'If I do that, will I have believed?' The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Yes.' He said: 'You have spoken the truth.' He said: 'O Muhammad, tell me, what is Al-Ihsan?' He said: 'To worship Allah [SWT] as if you can see Him, for although you cannot see Him, He can see you.' He said: 'You have spoken the truth.' He said: 'O Muhammad, tell me about the Hour.' He lowered his head and did not answer. Then he repeated the question, and he did not answer. Then he repeated the question (a third time) and he did not answer. Then he raised his head and said: 'The one who is being asked does not know more than the one who is asking. But it has signs, by which it may be known. When you see the herdsmen competing in building tall buildings, when you see the barefoot and naked ruling the Earth, when you see a woman giving birth to her mistress. Five things which no one knows except Allah [SWT]. Verily, Allah, with Him (alone) is the knowledge of the Hour up to His saying: 'Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware (of things).' Then he said: 'No, by the One who sent Muhammad with the truth, with guidance and glad tidings, I did not know him more than any man among you. That was Jibril, peace be upon you, who came down in the form of Dihyah Al-Kalbi.'"

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالاَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَجْلِسُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَيَجِيءُ الْغَرِيبُ فَلاَ يَدْرِي أَيُّهُمْ هُوَ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَ فَطَلَبْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَجْعَلَ لَهُ مَجْلِسًا يَعْرِفُهُ الْغَرِيبُ إِذَا أَتَاهُ فَبَنَيْنَا لَهُ دُكَّانًا مِنْ طِينٍ كَانَ يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّا لَجُلُوسٌ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ أَحْسَنُ النَّاسِ وَجْهًا وَأَطْيَبُ النَّاسِ رِيحًا كَأَنَّ ثِيَابَهُ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا دَنَسٌ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ فِي طَرَفِ الْبِسَاطِ فَقَالَ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمَ قَالَ أَدْنُو يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ ادْنُهْ فَمَا زَالَ يَقُولُ أَدْنُو مِرَارًا وَيَقُولُ لَهُ ادْنُ حَتَّى وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ إِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعْنَا قَوْلَ الرَّجُلِ صَدَقْتَ أَنْكَرْنَاهُ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ الإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَتُؤْمِنُ بِالْقَدَرِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ فَنَكَسَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ أَعَادَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ أَعَادَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ شَيْئًا وَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ لَهَا عَلاَمَاتٌ تُعْرَفُ بِهَا إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الرِّعَاءَ الْبُهُمَ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ وَرَأَيْتَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ مُلُوكَ الأَرْضِ وَرَأَيْتَ الْمَرْأَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا خَمْسٌ لاَ يَعْلَمُهَا إِلاَّ اللَّهُ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ } إِلَى قَوْلِهِ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ } ثُمَّ قَالَ لاَ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْحَقِّ هُدًى وَبَشِيرًا مَا كُنْتُ بِأَعْلَمَ بِهِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ وَإِنَّهُ لَجِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ نَزَلَ فِي صُورَةِ دِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ

"We were sitting with the Prophet ﷺ when a man came to him whose clothes were intensely white and whose hair was intensely black; no signs of travel could be seen upon him, and none of us recognized him. He sat down facing the Prophet ﷺ, with his knees touching his, and he put his hands on his thighs, and said: 'O Muhammad, what is Islam?' He said: 'To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that I am the Messenger of Allah, to establish regular prayer, to pay Zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj to the House (the Ka'bah).' He said: 'You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed by him: He asked a question, then told him that he had spoken the truth. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, what is Iman faith? He said: 'To believe in Allah, His angels, His Messengers, His books, the Last day, and the Divine Decree (Qadar), both the good of it and the bad of it.' He said' You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed by him. He asked a question, then told him that he had spoken the truth. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, what is Ihsan (right action, goodness, sincerity)? He said: 'To worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you.' He asked: "When will the Hour be?' He said: 'The one who is being asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.' He asked: 'Then what are its signs?' he said: 'When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress' (Waki' said: This means when non-Arabs will give birth to Arabs") 'and when you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings.' The Prophet ﷺ met me three days later and asked me: 'Do you know who that man was? I said" 'Allah and his Messenger know best.' He said: 'That was Jibril, who came to you to teach you your religion.'"

كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ شَعَرِ الرَّأْسِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ قَالَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَهُ إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ وَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا قَالَ وَكِيعٌ يَعْنِي تَلِدُ الْعَجَمُ الْعَرَبَ وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ الرَّجُلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ

[AI] He said, "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon to us and taught us our prayers and Sunnah. He said, 'I reckon that he said, "When the prayer is established, one of you should lead the prayer. When he says 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the Greatest), then say 'Allahu Akbar' too. And when he recites 'Not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray' [Surah Al-Fatiha, verse 7], then say 'Ameen,' for Allah will respond to you. And when he says 'Allahu Akbar' and bows, then say 'Allahu Akbar' and bow too, for indeed, the Imam bows before you and raises before you." The Prophet ﷺ said, 'And this is like that.' And when he says 'Allah hears whoever praises Him,' then say 'Our Lord, to You is the praise.' Or he said, 'Our Lord, to You is the praise.' For indeed, Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, said on the tongue of His Prophet, 'Allah hears whoever praises Him.'"

أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا وَسَنَّ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا قَالَ أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة 7] فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ أَوْ قَالَ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ

Hittan ibn Abdullah ar-Ruqashi said: AbuMusa al-Ash'ari led us in prayer. When he sat at the end of his prayer, one of the people said: Prayer has been established by virtue and purity. When AbuMusa returned (from his prayer or finished his prayer), he gave his attention to the people, and said: Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. He said: You might have said them, Hittan. He replied: I did not say them. I was afraid you might punish me. One of the people said: I said them and I did not intend by them (anything) except good. AbuMusa said: Do you not know how you utter (them) in your prayer? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us, and taught us and explained to us our way of doing and taught us our prayer. He said: When you pray a (congregational) prayer, straighten your rows, then one of you should lead you in prayer. When he says the takbir (Allah is Most Great), say the takbir, and when he recites verses "Not of those upon whom is Thy anger, nor of those who err" (i.e. the end of Surah i.), say Amin; Allah will favour you. When he says "Allah is most great," and bows, say "Allah is most great" and bow, for the imam will bow before you, and will raise (his head) before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he says "Allah listens to the one who praises Him," say: "O Allah, our Lord, to Thee be praise, Allah be praised," Allah will listen to you, for Allah, the Exalted, said by the tongue of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah listens to the one who praises Him." When he says "Allah is most great" and prostrates, say: "Allah is most great" and prostrate, for the imam prostrates before you and raises his head before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he sits, each one of you should say "The adorations of the tongue, all good things, and acts of worship are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's upright servants. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Apostle." This version of Ahmad does not mention the words "and His blessings" nor the phrase "and I testify"; instead, it has the words "that Muhammad." (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 972)

صَلَّى بِنَا أَبُو مُوسَى إِحْدَى صَلَاتَيِ الْعَشِيِّ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى أَبُو مُوسَى الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ يَا حِطَّانُ قُلْتَهَا؟ قَالَ مَا أَنَا قُلْتُهَا وَقَدْ خِفْتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أَنَا قُلْتُهَا وَمَا أَرَدْتُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْخَيْرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَوَ مَا تَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ؟ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا قَالَ أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة 7] فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ أَوْ قَالَ رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلَامُ أَوْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ أَوْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

We met 'Abdullah bin 'Umar and discussed the divine decree (al qadar) and what others said concerning it. He said: When you go back to them, say; Ibn ‘Umar has nothing to do with you and you have nothing to do with him - three times. Then he said: ‘Umar bin al Khattab ؓ ­­ told me that whilst they were sitting with the Prophet ﷺ ­, a man came to him walking, with a handsome face and hair, wearing white clothes. The people looked at one another (as if to say): We do not know this man and he does not look like a traveller. Then he said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ , shall I come to you? He said: ʿYes.ʿ So he came and put his knees against his knees and his hands on his thighs and said: What is Islam? He said: ʿTo testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , to establish regular prayer, to give zakah, to fast Ramadan and to go on pilgrimage to the House.ʿ He said: What is faith (eeman)? He said: “To believe in Allah, His angels, Paradise and Hell, resurrection after death and the divine decree, all of it.” He said: What is ihsan? He said: ʿTo strive for the sake of Allah as if you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, He sees you.ʿ He said: When will the Hour come? He said: ʿThe one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.” He said: What are its portents? He said: ʿWhen the destitute, barefoot, naked shepherds compete in constructing lofty buildings, and the slave women give birth to their masters.” Then he said: ʿCall the man to me.” They looked for him but they saw no trace of him. Two or three days passed, then he said: “O Ibn al­ Khattab, do you know who that was who asked about such and such?” He said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: ʿThat was Jibreel who came to teach you your religion.ʿ A man from Juhainah or Muzainah asked him: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ , what are we striving for? Is it something that is already decided or is it something that is evolving right now? He said:ʿFor some-­thing that is already decided.ʿ The man or one of the people said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ , then why should we strive? He said: “The people of Paradise will be enabled to do the deeds of the people of Paradise and the people of Hell will be enabled to do the deeds of the people of Hell.ʿ Yahya said: And that is how it is.

أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُمْ بَيْنمَا هُمْ جُلُوسٌ أَوْ قُعُودٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ يَمْشِي حَسَنُ الْوَجْهِ حَسَنُ الشَّعْرِ عَلَيْهِ ثِيَابُ بَيَاضٍ فَنَظَرَ الْقَوْمُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ مَا نَعْرِفُ هَذَا وَمَا هَذَا بِصَاحِبِ سَفَرٍثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ آتِيكَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَجَاءَ فَوَضَعَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ عِنْدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَيَدَيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا الْإِسْلامُ؟ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلاةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ لِلَّهِ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَشْرَاطُهَا؟ قَالَ إِذَا الْعُرَاةُ الْحُفَاةُ الْعَالَةُ رِعَاءُ الشَّاءِ تَطَاوَلُوا فِي الْبُنْيَانِ وَوَلَدَتِ الْإِمَاءُ أَرْبَابَهُنَّ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلَ فَطَلَبُوهُ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَمَكَثَ يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاثَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ عَنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ قَالَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ قَالَ وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ أَوْ من مُزَيْنَةَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فِيمَ نَعْمَلُ أَفِي شَيْءٍ قَدْ خَلا أَوْ مَضَى أَوْ فِي شَيْءٍ يُسْتَأْنَفُ الْآنَ؟ قَالَ فِي شَيْءٍ قَدْ خَلا أَوْ مَضَى فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَوْ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فِيمَ نَعْمَلُ؟ قَالَ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ يُيَسَّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ يُيَسَّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ قَالَ يَحْيَى قَالَ هُوَ كَذَا

ʼUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ told me: Whilst we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day, a man came to us whose garment was exceedingly white and whose hair was exceedingly black, and we did not see any signs of travel on him, and none of us knew who he was. He came and sat before the Prophet ﷺ, resting his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs. He said: O Muhammad, tell me about Islam: what is Islam? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿIslam means to bear witness that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to establish regular prayer, to pay zakali, to fast Ramadan and to perform pilgrimage to the House (the Kaʿbah), if you have the means.ʿ He said: You have spoken the truth. He (‘Umar) said: It amazed us, how he questioned him and said that he had spoken the truth. He said: Tell me about faith (Eeman). He said: ʿFaith is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in al-qadar (the divine will and decree), both good and bad.ʿ He said: You have spoken the truth. He said: Tell me about ihsan: what is ilisan? - Yazeed said: - ʿIt is to worship Allah as if you can see Him, for although you cannot see Ilim, He sees you.ʿ He said: Tell me about the Hour. He said: “The one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.” He said: Then tell me about its signs. Ise said: ʿWhen the slave woman gives birth to her mistress, and when you see the barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of lofty buildings.” He [Umar] said: Then he went away. He sumar waited for a while - Yazeed said: three (days). Then he (the Prophet ﷺ said to me: ʿOʿUmar, do you know who that questioner was?ʿ I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: “That was Jibreel, who came to you to teach you your religion.ʿ Ibn ‘Umar said. ʿUmar ؓ told us: We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he mentioned the same hadeeth, except that he said: No signs of travel were to be seen on him. And he- said: ʿUmar said: 1 waited for three (days), then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “oʻUmar...”

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لَا يُرَى قَالَ يَزِيدُ لَا نَرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرَ السَّفَرِ وَلا يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِسْلامِ مَا الْإِسْلامُ؟ فَقَالَ الْإِسْلامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُقَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ الْإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَقَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِحْسَانِ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ يَزِيدُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ بِهَا مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ قَالَ فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا قَالَ يَزِيدُ ثَلاثًا فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُأَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ

l said to Ibn ʿUmar. We travel to different countries and we meet people who say there is no qadar (divine decree), Ibn ʿUmar said: If you meet them, tell them that ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar has nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with him-three times. Then he started narrating Whilst we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , there came a man... and he described his appearance, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Come closer, so he came closer. He said: Come closer, so he came closer. He said: Come closer, so he came closer, until his knees were nearly touching [the Prophet ﷺʿs] knees. Then he said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, tell me what is faith [or about faith]. He said: “To believe in Allah. His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in al-qadar.ʿ - Sufyan said: I think he said: ʿ... both good and bad.ʿ He said: What is Islam? He said: “To establish prayer, pay zakah, perform pilgrimage to the House, to fast Ramadan and to do ghusl in the case of janabah.ʿ For all of that, he [the stranger] said: You are right, you are right. The people said: We never saw any man show more respect to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ than this man did. It was as if he was teaching the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then he said: O Messenger of Allah, tell me about ihsan.He said: “It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, for even if you do not see Him. He sees you.ʿ For all of that we said: We never saw any man show more respect to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ than this man did, he said: You are right, you are right. He said: Tell me about the Hour. He said: “The one who is asked about it does not know more about it than one who is asking.ʿ He said: You are right. He said it several times, and we never saw any man show more respect to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ than this man did. Then he left. Sufyan said: I heard that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Look for him,” but they did not find him. IIe said: ʿThat was Jihree who came to you to teach you your religion. He never came to me in any form but I recognised him, except for this form.” It was narrated that Ibn Ya’mar said: I asked Ibn ʿUmar-or a man asked him: We travel in this land and we meet people who say, There is no qadar (divine decree), Ibn ʿUmar said: If you meet those people, tell them that ‘Abdullah bin ʿUmar has nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with him - he said it three times. Then he told us. Whilst we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, a man came and said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, may I draw closer? He said: ʿCome closer.ʿ So he came a little closer, then he said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, may I come closer? He said: ʿCome closer.” So he came a little closer, then he said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, may I come closer? He said: ʿCome closer.” So he came a little closer until his knees were almost touching the knees of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then he said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, what is faith? - and he mentioned a similar report.

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَأَنَّهُمْ مِنْهُ بُرَآءُ ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُ بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺفَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَذَكَرَ مِنْ هَيْئَتِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ادْنُهْ فَدَنَا فَقَالَ ادْنُهْ فَدَنَا فَقَالَ ادْنُهْ فَدَنَا حَتَّى كَادَ رُكْبَتَاهُ تَمَسَّانِ رُكْبَتَيْهِفَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ أَوْ عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنُ بِالْقَدَرِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ أُرَاهُ قَالَ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِسْلامُ؟ قَالَ إِقَامُ الصَّلاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَغُسْلٌ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ مَا رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا أَشَدَّ تَوْقِيرًا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا كَأَنَّهُ يُعَلِّمُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ أَوْ تَعْبُدَهُ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ نَقُولُ مَا رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا أَشَدَّ تَوْقِيرًا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا فَيَقُولُ صَدَقْتَ صَدَقْتَقَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ بِهَا مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَقَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا مَا رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا أَشَدَّ تَوْقِيرًا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا ثُمَّ وَلَّىقَالَ سُفْيَانُ فَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْتَمِسُوهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ قَالَ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ مَا أَتَانِي فِي صُورَةٍ إِلَّا عَرَفْتُهُ غَيْرَ هَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ

[AI] "We used to not know what we are saying in prayer. We used to say 'Peace be upon Allah, peace be upon Gabriel, peace be upon Michael.' The Prophet ﷺ taught us and said, 'Indeed, Allah is the Peace. So when you sit in tashahhud, say the greetings to Allah, the prayers, and the good words. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah.' Abu Wa'il said in his narration from Abdullah, who narrated from the Prophet ﷺ, 'When you say it, every righteous servant in the heavens and the earth is affected.' Abu Ishaq also said in his narration from Abdullah, who narrated from the Prophet ﷺ, 'When you say it, it reaches every near angel, or sent prophet, or righteous servant. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.'"

كُنَّا لَا نَدْرِي مَا نَقُولُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ نَقُولُالسَّلَامُ عَلَى اللهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى جِبْرِيلَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى مِيكَائِيلَ قَالَ فَعَلَّمَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ هُوَ السَّلَامُ فَإِذَا جَلَسْتُمْ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقُولُوا التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ قَالَ أَبُو وَائِلٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا قُلْتَهَا أَصَابَتْ كُلَّ عَبْدٍ صَالِحٍ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَفِي الْأَرْضِ وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا قُلْتَهَا أَصَابَتْ كُلَّ مَلَكٍ مُقَرَّبٍ أَوْ نَبِيٍّ مُرْسَلٍ أَوْ عَبْدٍ صَالِحٍ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

[AI] "Indeed, the matter is in their hands. If they want, they can do it, and if they want, they may not do it. So, tell them that I am innocent of them, and they are innocent of me." Then Jibril ﷺ came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Muhammad, what is Islam?" He replied, "To worship Allah alone, without associating anything with Him, to establish the prayer, to give the obligatory charity, to fast during Ramadan, and to perform Hajj (pilgrimage) to the House (Kaaba)." Jibril said, "If you do that, then you are a Muslim." The Prophet ﷺ said, "You have spoken the truth." Jibril asked, "What is Ihsan (excellence or perfection)?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, know that He sees you." Jibril said, "If you do that, then you are a Muhsin (a person of excellence)." The Prophet ﷺ said, "You have spoken the truth." Jibril asked, "What is Iman (faith)?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Day of Resurrection, and to believe in predestination, the good of it and the bad of it." Jibril said, "If you do that, then you are a Mu'min (a believer)." The Prophet ﷺ said, "You have spoken the truth."

أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا عَمِلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا لَمْ يَعْمَلُوا فَقَالَ أَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَأَنَّهُمْ مِنِّي بُرَآءُ ثُمَّ قَالَ جَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ ﷺ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ فَقَالَ تَعْبُدُ اللهَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ تَخْشَى اللهَ تَعَالَى كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَا تَكُ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُحْسِنٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْبَعْثِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ

[AI] On the authority of 'Amir, Abu 'Amir, or Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Gabriel came to him in a different form, appearing as a man from the Muslims. Gabriel greeted him and the Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting. Then Gabriel placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to submit your face to Allah, to bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, to establish the prayer, give the obligatory charity (zakat)." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I become a Muslim?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is faith?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Divine Books, the prophets, life after death, heaven, hell, and fate, both its good and bad." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I believed?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is excellence (ihsan), O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then truly He sees you." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I excelled?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." And we heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ return to him, but we could not see the one speaking to him, nor could we hear his words. The questioner asked, "O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Glory be to Allah, it has five signs which only Allah knows: Allah possesses knowledge of the Hour, He sends down rain, He knows what is in the wombs, no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul knows in which land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted." (Surah Luqman, 34) The questioner then said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you wish, I can inform you of two signs that will precede it." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Inform me." The questioner said, "When you see a slave woman giving birth to her mistress, and when you see the barefooted, naked, impoverished shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings." The questioner asked, "And who are they, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "The Bedouins." Then he turned away, and when we did not see him on his way back, we said, "Glory be to Allah! This is Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion. The hand of Muhammad is in the hand of Gabriel, every time he came to him, I had not received any message except that I already knew it, except for this time."

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ فَقَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَنَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يُرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يُسْمَعُ كَلَامُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا؟ فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِبِالْبُنْيَانِ وَعَادَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمَّا لَمْ نَرَ طَرِيقَهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَنِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[AI] Narrated by 'Amir or Abu 'Amir, Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Jibril came to him in a form other than his usual shape and saluted him. The Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting and then Jibril placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and said, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" He replied, "To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give the Zakat, to perform Hajj, and to fast in Ramadan." Jibril then asked him, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Iman (faith)?" He replied, "To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in predestination and that every good and bad is from Allah." Jibril asked again, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Ihsan (perfection)?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion, then be aware that He sees you." Jibril continued to ask the Prophet ﷺ about the signs of the Day of Judgment until he asked, "When will the Hour be?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "The one being asked does not know more than the one asking. But I will inform you of its signs. When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings, that will be one of its signs. And when you see the hunched-backed, barefoot uncivilized Bedouins competing in building great structures, that will be one of its signs." Then he (Jibril) left. The Prophet ﷺ kept silent for a while and then said, "O Abu Huraira, did you mark or memorize everything?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah, even I cannot memorize all this." Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ passed his hand over my chest and I felt its coolness in my chest, and I knew all that he had said.

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَتَشْهَدَ أَنْلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَهُوَ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَيَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يَرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] قَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِ بِالْبُنْيَانِ وَكَانَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمْ يُرَ طَرِيقُهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَ لِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[AI] "We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and when we reached outside the city, we saw a rider approaching us. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'It seems that this rider wants to meet you.' The man came to us, greeted us, and we returned his greeting. The Prophet ﷺ asked him, 'Where are you coming from?' He replied, 'From my family, children, and tribe.' The Prophet ﷺ asked, 'Where are you going?' He said, 'I intend to meet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'You have indeed met him.' The man asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, teach me about faith.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Faith is to testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, pay the Zakat, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj.' The man said, 'I have accepted.' Then, his camel entered a net of rats, causing the camel and the man to fall and he died. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Hold me responsible for this man.' 'Ammaar ibn Yaasir and Hudhayfah helped place him in a sitting position. They said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, 'He has already passed away.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned away from them and said, 'Didn't you see me turning away from him? I saw two angels pressing fruits of Paradise for him, so I knew that he died while hungry.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'By Allah, he is from those mentioned by Allah in the verse: 'Those who believed and did not mix their faith with injustice, for them is security, and they are rightly guided.' (Surah Al-Anaam, 6:82)' He added, 'Bury your brother. We carried him to water, washed him, shrouded him, and took him to his grave.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and sat at the edge of the grave and said, 'Stay strong and do not tear your garments, for we will go through this grief and others will suffer it.'"

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا بَرَزْنَا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِذَا رَاكِبٌ يُوضِعُ نَحْوَنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَأَنَّ هَذَا الرَّاكِبَ إِيَّاكُمْ يُرِيدُ قَالَ فَانْتَهَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَيْنَا فَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلْتَ؟ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِي وَوَلَدِي وَعَشِيرَتِي قَالَ فَأَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ أُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَقَدْ أَصَبْتَهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلِّمْنِي مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟قَالَ تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ قَالَ قَدْ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَعِيرَهُ دَخَلَتْ يَدُهُ فِي شَبَكَةِ جُرْذَانٍ فَهَوَى بَعِيرُهُ وَهَوَى الرَّجُلُ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى هَامَتِهِ فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ قَالَ فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ وَحُذَيْفَةُ فَأَقْعَدَاهُ فَقَالَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قُبِضَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَا رَأَيْتُمَا إِعْرَاضِي عَنِ الرَّجُلِ فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ مَلَكَيْنِ يَدُسَّانِ فِي فِيهِ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ جَائِعًا ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذَا وَاللهِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ} [الأنعام 82] قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ دُونَكُمْ أَخَاكُمْ قَالَ فَاحْتَمَلْنَاهُ إِلَى الْمَاءِ فَغَسَّلْنَاهُ وَحَنَّطْنَاهُ وَكَفَّنَّاهُ وَحَمَلْنَاهُ إِلَى الْقَبْرِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَلَى شَفِيرِ الْقَبْرِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَلْحِدُوا وَلَا تَشُقُّوا فَإِنَّ اللَّحْدَ لَنَا وَالشَّقَّ لِغَيْرِنَا

[AI] "So I approached her and she was praying the Duha prayer, so I said, 'I will sit until she finishes.' They said, 'No, it's okay,' but I asked her how I should seek permission from her. She said, 'Say, "Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. Peace be upon the mothers of the believers or the wives of the Prophet ﷺ. Peace be upon you all." He said, 'So I entered upon her and asked her. She said, 'It is the home of a bachelor, indeed. The people of the household are indeed good people.' I asked her about al-Wisal (remaining in the mosque from Fajr prayer until Ishraq prayer). She said, 'When the Battle of Uhud happened, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his Companions performed prayers separately. When they saw the crescent moon, they informed the Prophet ﷺ. He said, 'If it had increased, I would have indeed increased. He was asked, 'Do you do that or something similar?' He said, 'I am not like you. I spend the night in a state that my Lord feeds me and gives me drink.' I asked her about the two Rak'ahs after 'Asr prayer. She said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a man to collect Sadaqah. He came to him at midday. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered the Dhuhr prayer and prayed those two Rak'ahs. Then he offered the 'Asr prayer and prayed those two Rak'ahs. She said, 'Upon you is to pray the night prayer, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ never neglected it. Even if he was sick, he would recite while sitting.' And I knew that some of you say, 'It is enough for me to establish what has been written for me, how can I have that and then ask her about the day in which there is difference regarding Ramadan?' She said, 'Because fasting a day in Sha'ban is more beloved to me than fasting a day in Ramadan.' He said, 'So I went out and asked Ibn 'Umar and Abu Hurairah, and each of them said, 'The wives of the Prophet ﷺ know more about that than us.'

فَأَتَيْتُهَا فَإِذَا هِيَ تُصَلِّي الضُّحَى فَقُلْتُ أَقْعُدُ حَتَّى تَفْرُغَ فَقَالُوا هَيْهَاتَ فَقُلْتُ لِآذِنِهَا كَيْفَ أَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْهَا؟ فَقَالَ قُلْ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ قَالَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَسَأَلْتُهَا فَقَالَتْ أَخُو عَازِبٍ نِعْمَ أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنِ الْوِصَالِ؟ فَقَالَتْ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ وَاصَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ فَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا الْهِلَالَ أَخْبَرُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَوْ زَادَ لَزِدْتُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّكَ تَفْعَلُ ذَاكَ أَوْ شَيْئًا نَحْوَهُ قَالَ إِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَكُمْ إِنِّي أَبِيتُ يُطْعِمُنِي رَبِّي وَيَسْقِينِي وَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ؟ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ رَجُلًا عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ قَالَتْ فَجَاءَتْهُ عِنْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ وَشُغِلَ فِي قِسْمَتِهِ حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ صَلَّاهَا وَقَالَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ بِقِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يَدَعُهُ فَإِنْ مَرِضَ قَرَأَ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يَقُولُ بِحَسْبِي أَنْ أُقِيمَ مَا كُتِبَ لِي وَأَنَّى لَهُ ذَلِكَوَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنِ الْيَوْمِالَّذِي يُخْتَلَفُ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ؟ فَقَالَتْ لَأَنْ أَصُومَ يَوْمًا مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ فَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا قَالَ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَعْلَمُ بِذَاكَ مِنَّا

[AI] “He entrusted me with the speech, so we said, ‘O Abu Abdur-Rahman, some people have appeared among us who recite the Quran excessively and seek knowledge excessively. They claim that there is no predestination and that everything is a result of mere chance.’ He said, ‘If you meet them, inform them that I disassociate myself from them and they disassociate themselves from me.’ Ibn Umar swore an oath that if any of them were to spend gold equal to Uhud, it would not be accepted from him unless he believed in predestination. Then he said, ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab narrated to us that one day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting when a man with extremely black hair and exceedingly white clothes came to him and placed his foot on the Prophet’s foot and said, ‘O Muhammad, what is Islam?’ He said, ‘To testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, to establish prayer, to give Zakah, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if one is able.’ He said, ‘You have spoken the truth.’ We were amazed that he asked him and then confirmed the truth of his answers. He said, ‘Inform me about Iman.’ He said, ‘To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Day of Resurrection, and in destiny, both its good and its evil.’ He said, ‘You have spoken the truth.’ We were amazed that he asked him and then confirmed the truth of his answers. He said, ‘Inform me about Ihsan.’ He said, ‘To worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you.’ He said, ‘Inform me about the Hour.’ He said, ‘The one questioned about it knows no more than the questioner.’ He said, ‘Then tell me about its signs.’ He said, ‘The slave girl will give birth to her master, and you will see the barefooted, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings.’ Then he went away. So I stayed there for a long time, and then he said, ‘O Umar, do you know who that questioner was?’ I said, ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’ He said, ‘That was Jibril (Gabriel). He came to teach you your religion.’”

Translation: He entrusts me with speech, so we said, "O Abu Abdur-Rahman, some people have appeared among us who excessively recite the Quran and seek knowledge. They claim that there is no predestination and that everything is a result of mere chance." He said, "If you meet them, inform them that I disassociate myself from them and they disassociate themselves from me." Ibn Umar swore an oath that if any of them were to spend gold equal to Uhud, it would not be accepted from him unless he believed in predestination. Then he said, "Umar ibn Al-Khattab narrated to us that one day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting when a man with extremely black hair and exceedingly white clothes came to him and placed his foot on the Prophet's foot and said, 'O Muhammad, what is Islam?' He said, 'To testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, to establish prayer, to give Zakah, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if one is able.' He said, 'You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed that he asked him and then confirmed the truth of his answers. He said, 'Inform me about Iman.' He said, 'To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Day of Resurrection, and in destiny, both its good and its evil.' He said, 'You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed that he asked him and then confirmed the truth of his answers. He said, 'Inform me about Ihsan.' He said, 'To worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you.' He said, 'Inform me about the Hour.' He said, 'The one questioned about it knows no more than the questioner.' He said, 'Then tell me about its signs.' He said, 'The slave girl will give birth to her master, and you will see the barefooted, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings.' Then he went away. So I stayed there for a long time, and then he said, 'O Umar, do you know who that questioner was?' I said, 'Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said, 'That was Jibril (Gabriel). He came to teach you your religion.'"

أَنَّهُ يَكِلُ الْكَلَامَ إِلَيَّ فَقُلْنَا يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَدْ ظَهَرَ عِنْدَنَا أُنَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ يَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ تَقَفُّرًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَا قَدَرَ وَأَنَّ الْأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَقِيتَهُمْ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَهُمْ مِنِّي بُرَآءُ وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ أَنْفَقَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا ثُمَّ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِالْقَدَرِ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَالَ بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ جَالِسًا إِذْ جَاءَ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ اللِّحْيَةِ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ فَوَضَعَ رُكْبَتَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ «شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْ سُؤَالِهِ إِيَّاهُ وَتَصْدِيقِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ رُسُلِهِ وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ حُلْوِهِ وَمُرِّهِ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْ سُؤَالِهِ إِيَّاهُ وَتَصْدِيقِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ» قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ «مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ» قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تَلِدَ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ» قَالَ فَتَوَلَّى وَذَهَبَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ثَالِثَةٍ فَقَالَ «يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ الرَّجُلُ؟ » قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ «ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ»

[AI] I said, "O Abu Abdullah al-Rahman, referring to Ibn Umar, there are people who claim that there is no fate (predestination). He said: Do we have anyone among us like them? I said, No. He said: Then convey to them from me that when you meet them, indeed Ibn Umar disassociates himself from you and you disassociate yourselves from him." Umar ibn al-Khattab narrated to us that while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , a man came who had no signs of travel nor was he from the people of the city. He came and sat in front of the Messenger of Allah. He said, "O Muhammad, what is Islam? He said, "Islam is that you bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, give zakah, perform Hajj, perform Umrah, cleanse yourself from major impurity, complete ablution, and fast during Ramadan." He said, "If I do all of that, would I be a Muslim?" He said, "Yes." He said, "You have spoken the truth." He asked, "O Muhammad, what is faith (imaan)?" He said, "Faith is that you believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and you believe in the Day of Judgment, and you believe in fate, its good and its evil." He said, "If I do all of that, would I be a believer (mu'min)?" He said, "Yes." He said, "You have spoken the truth." He asked, "O Muhammad, what is excellence (ihsan)?" He said, "Excellence is that you worship Allah as if you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, He sees you." He asked, "If I do that, would I be excellent (muhsin)?" He said, "Yes." He said, "You have spoken the truth." He asked, "O Muhammad, when is the Hour (Day of Judgment)?" He said, "Glory be to Allah, the one who is asked about it knows no more than the questioner, but if you wish, I will inform you about its signs." He said, "Yes." He said, "When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings and when you see women giving birth to their mistresses, that is among the signs of the Hour." He said, "You have spoken the truth." Then the man left, and the Prophet ﷺ said, "O Umar, do you know who this man was?" We said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "This was Gabriel who came to teach you your religion."

قُلْتُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي لِابْنِ عُمَرَ إِنَّ أَقْوَامًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَيْسَ قَدَرٌ قَالَ هَلْ عِنْدَنَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَبْلِغْهُمْ عَنِّي إِذَا لَقِيتَهُمْ إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَبْرَأُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنْهُ حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ 

قَالَ بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أُنَاسٍ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ سَحْنَاءُ سَفَرٍ وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ يَتَخَطَّى حَتَّى وَرَكَ فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ 

فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ «الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنْ تُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُجَّ وَتَعْتَمِرَ وَتَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ وَأَنْ تُتِمَّ الْوُضُوءَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ 

قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ 

قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ «الْإِحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ لِلَّهِ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ هَذَا فَأَنَا مُحْسِنٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ 

قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ إِنْ شِئْتَ نَبَّأْتُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا» قَالَ أَجَلْ قَالَ «إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْعَالَةَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ وَكَانُوا مُلُوكًا» قَالَ مَا الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ الْعُرَاةُ؟ قَالَ «الْعُرَيْبُ» قَالَ «وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّتَهَا فَذَلِكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ 

ثُمَّ نَهَضَ فَوَلَّى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ» فَطَلَبْنَاهُ كُلَّ مَطْلَبٍ فَلَمْ نَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ لَيُعَلِّمَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ خُذُوا عَنْهُ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا شُبِّهَ عَلَيَّ مُنْذُ أَتَانِي قَبْلَ مَرَّتِي هَذِهِ وَمَا عَرَفْتُهُ حَتَّى وَلَّى»

Hittan ibn Abdullah ar-Ruqashi said: AbuMusa al-Ash'ari led us in prayer. When he sat at the end of his prayer, one of the people said: Prayer has been established by virtue and purity. When AbuMusa returned (from his prayer or finished his prayer), he gave his attention to the people, and said: Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. He said: You might have said them, Hittan. He replied: I did not say them. I was afraid you might punish me. One of the people said: I said them and I did not intend by them (anything) except good. AbuMusa said: Do you not know how you utter (them) in your prayer? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us, and taught us and explained to us our way of doing and taught us our prayer. He said: When you pray a (congregational) prayer, straighten your rows, then one of you should lead you in prayer. When he says the takbir (Allah is Most Great), say the takbir, and when he recites verses "Not of those upon whom is Thy anger, nor of those who err" (i.e. the end of Surah i.), say Amin; Allah will favour you. When he says "Allah is most great," and bows, say "Allah is most great" and bow, for the imam will bow before you, and will raise (his head) before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he says "Allah listens to the one who praises Him," say: "O Allah, our Lord, to Thee be praise, Allah be praised," Allah will listen to you, for Allah, the Exalted, said by the tongue of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah listens to the one who praises Him." When he says "Allah is most great" and prostrates, say: "Allah is most great" and prostrate, for the imam prostrates before you and raises his head before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he sits, each one of you should say "The adorations of the tongue, all good things, and acts of worship are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's upright servants. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Apostle." This version of Ahmad does not mention the words "and His blessings" nor the phrase "and I testify"; instead, it has the words "that Muhammad." (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 972)

أَنَّ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ صَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ؟ فَلَمَّا قَضَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ صَلَاتَهُ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا كَذَا؟ فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ يَا حِطَّانُ قُلْتُهَا قَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَقَدْ خِفْتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أَنَا قُلْتُهَا وَمَا أَرَدْتُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْخَيْرَ فَقَالَ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ أَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ؟ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَالَ «إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ فَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ» قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمُ التَّحِيَّاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ»

أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَدْنُو مِنْكَ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَدَنَا حَتَّى وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ ؟ قَالَ تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَمَا الْإِيمَانُ ؟ قَالَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِحْسَانُ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَخْشَى اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَصَدَّقَهُ وَوَلَّى الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ عَلَيَّ بِهِ فَنُظِرَ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ جَاءَ لَيُعَلِّمَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ

أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى ؓ صَلَّى بِهِمْ فَلَمَّا قَعَدَ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أَقَرَنْتَ الصَّلَاةَ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا انْفَتَلَ أَبُو مُوسَى قَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ يَا حِطَّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قُلْتَهَا قُلْتُ مَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ { غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ } فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمُ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ حِطَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِهِ وَزَادَ فِيهِ وَإِذَا قَرَأَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَنْصِتُوا وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا قَالَ فِيهِ وَإِذَا قَرَأَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَنْصِتُوا إِلَّا التَّيْمِيُّ إِلَّا حَدِيثًا حَدَّثَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْقُطَعِيُّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سَالِمُ بْنُ نُوحٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ حِطَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ التَّيْمِيِّ كَمَا رَوَاهُ التَّيْمِيُّ وَإِذَا قَرَأَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَنْصِتُوا

عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَجْلِسُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَيَجِيءُ الْغَرِيبُ فَلَا يَدْرِي أَيُّهُمْ هُوَ ؟ فَكَلَّمْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ لَهُ شَيْئًا يَعْرِفُهُ الْغَرِيبُ إِذَا أَتَاهُ فَبَنَيْنَا لَهُ دُكَّانًا مِنْ طِينٍ فَكَانَ يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ وَكُنَّا نَجْلِسُ حَوْلَهُ فَإِنَّا لَجُلُوسٌ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ وَجْهًا وَأَطْيَبَ النَّاسِ رِيحًا وَأَنْقَى النَّاسِ ثَوْبًا كَأَنَّ ثِيَابَهُ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا دَنَسٌ فَسَلَّمَ مِنْ طَرَفِ الْبِسَاطِ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ قَالَ أَدْنُو يَا مُحَمَّدُ ؟ فَقَالَ ادْنُهُ فَمَا زَالَ يَقُولُ أَدْنُو يَا مُحَمَّدُ ؟ وَيَقُولُ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِرَارًا حَتَّى وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ هَذَا فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعْنَا قَوْلَ الرَّجُلِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَدَقْتَ أَنْكَرْنَاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَا الْإِيمَانُ ؟ قَالَ الْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَتُؤْمِنُ بِالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا الْإِحْسَانُ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ ؟ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ أَعَادَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ أَعَادَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَحَلَفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ قَالَ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ لَهَا عَلَامَاتٌ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ رِعَاءَ الْبُهْمِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ وَرَأَيْتَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ مُلُوكَ الْأَرْضِ وَرَأَيْتَ الْمَرْأَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّتَهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللَّهُ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلِمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ } ثُمَّ سَطَعَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْهُدَى مَا كُنْتُ بِأَعْلَمَ بِهِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ وَإِنَّهُ لِجِبْرِيلُ ﷺ وَإِنَّهُ لَفِي صُورَةِ دِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ لَا نَعْلَمُهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ إِلَّا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ رَوَاهُ السَّرِيُّ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَخَلَطَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا نَعْلَمُ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ إِلَّا جَرِيرٌ

أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أَتَى النَّبِيّ فِي هَيْئَةِ رَجُلٍ شَاحِبٍ مُسَافِرٍ حَتَّى وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَةِ النَّبِيّ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا الإِسْلامُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لا إِلَهَ إلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَتَعَجَّبْنَا مِنْ سُؤَالِهِ إِيَّاهُ وَتَصْدِيقِهِ إِيَّاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ رَسُول اللهِ ﷺ تَخْشَى اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ الإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ والذي نفسي بيده ما المسؤُول عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلكن لَهَا أَشْرَاطٌ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْمَرْأَةَ وَلَدَتْ رَبَّتَهَا وَرَأَيْتَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ يَعْنِي الْعَرَبَ وَلَوُا النَّاسَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَقَالَ النَّبِيّ ﷺ عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ فَنَظَرَ فَلَمْ يَرَ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيّ ﷺ تَدْرُونَ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قُلْنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ مَا جَاءَ فِي صُورَةٍ قَطُّ إلاَّ عَرَفْتُهُ غَيْرَ هذه المرة أخر الجزء الثامن والثلاثين والحمد لله حق حمده وصلى الله على مُحَمد نبيه

قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ثِيَابُ السَّفَرِ حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الإِسْلامُ؟ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنَّ لا إِلَهَ إلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُصَلِّي الْخَمْسَ وَتَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَتُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَمَا الإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْبَعْثِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْقَدَرِ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَصَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَا الإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ تَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُحْسِنٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ما المسؤُول عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَسَأُخْبِرُكَ بِأَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ يَعْنِي الْعَرَبَ أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ وَخَرَجَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلِ فَخَرَجْنَا فَلَمْ نَرَ أَحَدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ مَا أَتَانِي فِي مِثْلِ صُورَتِهِ الَيْوَم قَطُّ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَن مَطَرٍ عَن ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَن يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمُرَ عَن ابْنِ عُمَر عَن عُمَر عَن النَّبِيّ ﷺ وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَالِمٍ عَن مَطَرٍ حَرْفَانِ يُخَالِفَانِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ فَذَكَرْنَاهُ لِذَلِكَ وَبَيَّنَّا الْعِلَّةَ فيه

قَالَ بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسًا مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ثِيَابُ السَّفَرِ يَتَخَلَّلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فقال يامحمد مَا الإِسْلامُ؟ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنَّ لا إِلَهَ إلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلا قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْظُرُوا هُوَ يَسْأَلُهُ وهُو يُصَدِّقُهُ كَأَنَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ ولاَ يعرفون الرجل ثم قال يامحمد مَا الإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ الإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ والملائكة والكتاب والنبين وَبِالْمَوْتِ وَبِالْبَعْثِ وَبِالْحِسَابِ وَبِالْجَنَّةِ وَبِالنَّارِ وَبِالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ؟ قَالَ نعم قال صدقت قال يامحمد مَا الإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَخْشَى اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَرَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُحْسِنٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قال صدقت قال يامحمد متى الساعة؟ قال ما المسؤُول عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَأَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ فَذَهَبَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لأَصْحَابِهِ عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ يَطْلُبُونَهُ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَعَادُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فقالوا يارسول اللَّهِ اتَّبَعْنَا الرَّجُلَ فَطَلَبْنَاهُ فَمَا رَأَيْنَا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ ﷺ جَاءَكُمْ لِيُعَلِّمَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا نَعْلَمُهُ يُروَى عَن أَنَس إلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ نِبْرَاسٍ قَدْ رَوَى عَنْ ثابتٍ غَيْرَ حَدِيثٍ وَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ

[AI] We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on our mounts from the city while it was devouring date pits. So, a person stood up and said, "This man does not have any provisions." The Prophet ﷺ hastened his pace and we hastened with him. Then, we found a young boy whose lips were cracked from eating the leaves of the trees, so he asked him, "Where are you going?" He replied, "I intend to meet Muhammad ﷺ in order to pledge allegiance to him." The Prophet ﷺ said, "I am Muhammad, I am the Messenger of Allah." The boy greeted him with peace and asked him to show him the way to Islam. The Prophet ﷺ said, "You bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah, and you affirm what has come from Allah." The boy said, "I affirm." The Prophet ﷺ continued, "And you establish the prayer." The boy said, "I establish it." The Prophet ﷺ further said, "And you fast in Ramadan." The boy said, "I fast." The Prophet ﷺ then said, "And you perform pilgrimage to the House (of Allah)." The boy said, "I will perform it." Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left. Ja`far said, "We surrounded him (the boy) in order to hear what he would be asked next." Then, the Prophet ﷺ left and we left. Then, Bilal's hands were caught in the legs of a rat and it bit him, so the Prophet ﷺ turned around and said, "Call the man." We found him with a bent neck and he had died. Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came, looked at him, turned away from him with his face and said, "Carry him to the water." So, we washed him, wrapped him in a funeral shroud, and placed him in a coffin. Then, he said, "Dig a grave for him and make it deep, for the grave is ours and the partition is for others." He sat on his grave but did not tell us anything. Then, he said, "Shall I not inform you about this man? He is one of those who did little and earned a lot, those who Allah said about, 'Indeed, those who believed and did not mix their belief with injustice.' I turned away from him while two angels push down the fruits of paradise into his mouth."

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَوَاحِلِنَا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَهِي آكِلَةُ النَّوَى فَرَفَعَ لَهُ شَخَصٌ فَقَالَ «هَذَا رَجُلٌ لَا عَهْدَ لَهُ بِالطَّعَامِ» فَأَسْرَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ السَّيْرَ وَأَسْرَعْنَا مَعَهُ فَإِذَا فَتًى شَابٌّ قَدِ اسْتَلْقَتْ شَفَتَاهُ مِنْ أَكْلِ لِحَى الشَّجَرِ فَسَأَلْهُ «مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلَتَ؟» فَقَالَ أُرِيدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ لِأُبَايِعَهُ قَالَ «فَأَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ أَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ» فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ دُلَّنِي عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ «تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَتُقِرُّ بِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ «وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ «وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ «وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ جَرِيرٌ وَازْدَحَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ حِينَ أَنْشَأَ يَصِفُ لَهُ الْإِسْلَامَ نَنْظُرُ إِلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَنْتَهِي صِفَتُهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَانْصَرَفْنَا فَوَقَعَتْ يَدُ بَكْرِهِ فِي أَخَافِيقِ الْجِرْذَانِ فَانْدَقَّتْ عُنُقُهُ فَالْتَفَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلُ» فَوَجَدْنَاهُ قَدِ انْثَنَتْ عُنُقُهُ فَمَاتَ فَأَتَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ بِوَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ «احْمِلُوهُ إِلَى الْمَاءِ» فَغَسَّلْنَاهُ وَكَفَّنَّاهُ وَحَنَّطْنَاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ «احْفُرُوا لَهُ وَالْحِدُوا لَحْدًا فَإِنَّ اللَّحْدَ لَنَا وَالشَّقَّ لِغَيْرِنَا» وَجَلَسَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ لَا يُحَدِّثُنَا بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ هَذَا مِمَّنْ عَمِلَ قَلِيلًا وَأُجِرَ كَثِيرًا مِمَّنْ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ} إِنِّي أَعْرَضْتُ عَنْهُ وَمَلَكَانِ يَدُسَّانِ فِي فَمِهِ ثِمَارَ الْجَنَّةِ

[AI] "What brought you here?" I said, "Seeking knowledge." He said, "No Muslim seeks knowledge except that the angels open their wings, pleased with what he is doing." I said to him, "You are a companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I have something regarding the masah on the two khuffain after answering the call of nature or relieving oneself." So tell me something if you have heard it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command us, when we were on a journey or traveling, to wipe over our socks for three nights and days, without taking them off except for janabah, but not for defecation, urination or sleep." I said to him, "Did you hear him saying anything regarding desires?" He said, "Yes, we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a battle or Umrah, and when an Arab came towards his riding animal, he started calling out loudly, 'O Muhammad! O Muhammad!' So it was said to him, 'Lower your voice, for you have been commanded to do so.' He said, 'By Allah, I will not lower it until I hear it.' And he was a tall, stout man. When the Prophet ﷺ heard his voice, he said, 'Here I am.' He said, 'Do you see a man who loves a people, but has not yet joined them?' So he did not leave until he finished speaking to us. He told me, 'The gate of repentance is opened until the sun rises from the west. It is a distance of seventy years, and it is still open until the sun rises from that direction.' And that is when 'It will not benefit a soul to believe in its faith, if it had not believed before, or had earned through its faith some good.'"

مَا جَاءَ بِكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْعِلْمِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَطْلُبُ الْعِلْمَ إِلَّا تَضَعُ لَهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا رِضًى بِمَا يَفْعَلُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَإِنَّهُ حَكَّ فِي صَدْرِي شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ بَعْدَ الْغَائِطِ وَالْبَوْلِ فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِشَيْءٍ إِنْ كُنْتَ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا إِذَا كُنَّا سَفَرًا أَوْ مُسَافِرِينَ أَنْ نمْسَحَ عَلَى خِفَافِنَا ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ وَأَيَّامَهُنَّ وَأَنْ لَا نَخْلَعَهُمَا إِلَّا مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ وَلَكِنْ مِنْ غَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ أَوْ نَوْمٍ» فقُلْتُ لَهُ هَلْ سَمِعْتَهُ يَقُولُ فِي الْهَوَى شَيْئًا؟ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةٍ أَوْ عَمْرَةٍ فَإِذَا أَعْرَابِيٌّ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ فِي أُخْرَيَاتِ الْقَوْمِ جَعَلَ يُنَادِي بِصَوْتٍ لَهُ جَهْوَرِيٍّ يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَقِيلَ وَيْلَكَ اغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ فَإِنَّكَ أُمِرْتَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ حَتَّى أَسْمَعَهُ وَإِذَا هُوَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ جَافٌّ جِلْفٌ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَوْتَهُ قَالَ «هَاؤُمُ» قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا وَلَمَّا يَلْحَقْ بِهِمْ فَقَالَ «ذَاكَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ» فَلَمْ يَبْرَحْ يُحَدِّثُنَا حَتَّى حَدَّثَنِي «أَنَّ قِبَلَ الْمَغْرِبِ بَابًا مَفْتُوحًا لِلتَّوْبَةِ مَسِيرَةُ عَرْضِهِ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً لَا يَزَالُ مَفْتُوحًا حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ نَحْوِهِ فَإِذَا طَلَعَتْ مِنْ نَحْوِهِ» فَذَاكَ حِينَ {لَا يَنْفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا}

[AI] I was in the market of Al-Majaz when a young man passed by wearing a red cloak. He was saying, "O people, say there is no god but Allah, and you will be successful." A man behind him threw stones at him, causing his face and legs to bleed, saying, "O people, he is a liar, so do not obey him." So I asked, "Who is this?" They said, "This is the son of Hashim's slave girl, who claims to be the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and this is his uncle 'Abdul-'Uzza." When Muhammad ﷺ migrated to Medina and the people embraced Islam, we also left our tribe with our property. When we arrived at Medina and were near its walls, we changed our clothes to different ones. Then, a man on the road asked, "From where have the people come?" We said, "We are from the tribe of Na'mir and we have a red camel standing with a slit ear." He asked, "Are you selling your camel?" We said, "Yes." He asked, "For how much?" We replied, "For such and such a measure of dates." He did not reduce anything from our words and hit his hand. He then took the reins of our camel and turned away with it. When he disappeared from our sight behind the walls, we said, "By Allah, we have not done anything wrong and we have given our pledge to a person we do not know." Then a woman sitting there said, "I have seen a man whose face resembles a full moon. By Allah, he will neither oppress you nor disappoint you. I guarantee your camel." Then, a man came and said, "I am the Messenger, the Messenger of Allah, to you. This is your camel's provision, so eat, be satisfied, and store some." So we ate, were satisfied, stored some, and entered the mosque. We found him delivering a sermon from the pulpit. We heard him saying, "Give charity, as charity is beneficial for you. The upper hand is better than the lower hand. Begin by giving to those you have obligations towards, such as your father, mother, sister, brother, and the closest relatives." So a man from the Ansar stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, these are the sons of Yarbu' who killed one of us during the pre-Islamic period. Should we still fulfill our obligations towards them?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said three times, "Indeed, a father does not inherit from his child."

إِنِّي بِسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ إِذْ مَرَّ رَجُلٌ شَابٌّ عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُرْدٍ أَحْمَرَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ تُفْلِحُوا وَرَجُلٌ خَلْفَهُ يَرْمِيَهِ قَدْ أَدْمَى عُرْقُوبَيْهِ وَسَاقَيْهِ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ فَلَا تُطِيعُوهُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا هَذَا غُلَامُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهَذَا عَمُّهُ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ ارْتَحَلْنَا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَعَنَا ظَعِينَةٌ لَنَا فَلَمَّا أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَدَنَّا حِيطَانَهَا لَبِسْنَا ثِيَابًا غَيْرَ ثِيَابِنَا إِذَا رَجُلٌ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلَ الْقَوْمُ؟ قُلْنَا نَمِيرُ أَهْلَنَا مِنْ تَمْرِهَا وَلَنَا جَمَلٌ أَحْمَرُ قَائِمٌ مَخْطُومٌ قَالَ تَبِيعُونِي جَمَلَكُمْ؟ قُلْنَا نَعَمْ قَالَ بِكَمْ؟ قُلْنَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَمَا اسْتَنْقَصَنَا مِمَّا قُلْنَا شَيْئًا وَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ فَأَخَذَ خِطَامَ الْجَمَلِ ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ بِهِ فَلَمَّا تَوَارَى عَنَّا بِالْحِيطَانِ قُلْنَا وَاللهِ مَا صَنَعْنَا شَيْئًا وَبَايَعْنَا مَنْ لَا نَعْرِفُ قَالَ تَقُولُ امْرَأَةٌ جَالِسَةٌ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا كَأَنَّ وَجْهَهُ شَبَهُ الْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ وَاللهِ لَا يَظْلِمُكُمْ وَلَا يَحْتَرِيكُمْ وَأَنَا ضَامِنَةٌ لِجَمَلِكُمْ فَأَتَى رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْكُمْ هَذَا تَمْرُكُمْ فَكُلُوا وَاشْبَعُوا وَاكْتَالُوا قَالَ فَأَكَلْنَا وَشَبِعْنَا وَاكْتَلْنَا وَاسْتَوْفَيْنَا ثُمَّ دَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَتَيْنَا الْمَسْجِدَ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَخْطُبُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَسَمِعْنَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ يَقُولُ تَصَدَّقُوا فَإِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَالْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ أَبَاكَ وَأُمَّكَ وَأُخْتَكَ وَأَخَاكَ وَأَدْنَاكَ فَأَدْنَاكَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو يَرْبُوعٍ قَتَلُوا رَجُلًا مِنَّا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَأَعْدِنَا عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «أَلَا إِنَّ أَبًا لَا يَجْنِي عَلَى وَلَدٍ أَلَا إِنَّ أَبًا لَا يَجْنِي عَلَى وَلَدٍ أَلَا إِنَّ أَبًا لَا يَجْنِي عَلَى وَلَدٍ» ثَلَاثًا

[AI] O Abu Abdur-Rahman, indeed we are traveling and we meet people who say there is no predestination. So, if you meet them, inform them that Ibn Umar is innocent from them. We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when a man came to him, handsome in appearance, with a pleasant fragrance and clean clothes. He greeted the Prophet ﷺ and asked, "Can I come close to you?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Approach." So, he came closer until his knees touched the knees of the Prophet ﷺ . Then he asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam? "The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to testify that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish prayer, to give zakat, to perform Hajj pilgrimage to the House of Allah, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and to perform ablution from impurity." The man asked, "If I do that, am I a Muslim?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." The man asked again, "Tell me about faith (Iman)." The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Day of Judgment, and destiny, both its good and bad aspects." The man asked, "If I do that, am I a believer?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." The man then asked, "Tell me about excellence (Ihsan)." The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then know that He sees you." The man asked, "If I do that, am I a person of excellence?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." We said, "We have never seen anyone more virtuous in appearance, with a better fragrance, and showing more respect to the Prophet ﷺ than this man. When the man left, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Do you know who this man was?" We replied, "Allah and His Messenger know best." The Prophet ﷺ said, "This was Gabriel ﷺ . He came to teach you your religion."

يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّا نُسَافِرُ فَنَلْقَى أَقْوَامًا يَقُولُونُ لَا قَدَرَ قَالَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ حَسَنُ الْوَجْهِ طَيِّبُ الرِّيحِ نَقِيُّ الثَّوْبِ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَدْنُو مِنْكَ؟ قَالَ «ادْنُهْ» فَدَنَا دَنْوَةً قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا حَتَّى اصْطَكَّتَا رُكْبَتَاهُ رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ «شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ وَالْغُسْلُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ «الْإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْقِيَامَةِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ وَحُلْوِهِ وَمُرِّهِ مِنَ اللهِ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَمَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ «تَعْبُدُ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُحْسِنٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قُلْنَا مَا رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا أَحْسَنَ وَجْهًا وَلَا أَطْيَبَ رِيحًا وَأَشَدَّ تَوْقِيرًا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَوْلُهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَدَقْتَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ فَقُمْنَا وَقُمْتُ أَنَا عَلَى طَرِيقٍ مِنْ طُرُقِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَمْ نَرَ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَنْ هَذَا؟» قَالُوا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ «هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَنَاسِكَ دِينِكُمْ مَا أَتَانِي فِي صُورَةٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا عَرَفْتُهُ إِلَّا هَذِهِ الصُّورَةَ»

[AI] I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was sitting in the mosque. The people said, "This is Adi bin Hatim, and he used to be a Christian." I came to him without any security or script, and when I was given the opportunity, he held my hand and said, "I hope that Allah will unite his hand with mine." He then walked with me until we met a woman and a child with her. They said, "We have a need from you." So he went with her and fulfilled her need, then he took me by the hand until we reached his house. I was given a cushion to sit on, and I sat in front of him. He praised and glorified Allah, and then said, "What led you to think that no one is worthy of being worshiped except Allah?" Then he spoke for a while and said, "Does it surprise you or does it harm you that Allah is said to be greater? Do you know anything greater than Allah?" I said, "No." He said, "Verily, the Jews are despised, and the Christians are astray." I said, "I am a Hanif (upright) Muslim." I saw his face light up with joy. Then he ordered me to go to a man from the Ansar, and I went to him in the middle of the day. While I was with him in the evening, some people came to him wearing woolen clothes from this Nimar. He prayed, and then he stood and advised them. He said, "A bushel or half a bushel, even if it is with a handful, should be used to protect one's face from the heat of Hellfire. Even if it is with half a date, one of you should meet Allah with something to say. Did I not make for you hearing and sight?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Did I not make for you wealth and children?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Then where are those things that you have prepared for yourselves?" He looked in front of him, behind him, to his right, and to his left, and he did not find anything that would protect his face. So let one of you protect his face from the Fire, even if it is with half a date. If he cannot find that, then with a good word. Indeed, I do not fear poverty for you, for Allah is your Helper and Provider until the Day of Resurrection. The distance between Al-Tharib and Al-Hira is not far, and what is feared most for its livestock is theft. So I started to say to myself, "Where are the thieves of Thay?"

أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ هَذَا عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ وَكُنْتُ نَصْرَانِيًّا وَجِئْتُ بِغَيْرِ أَمَانٍ وَلَا كِتَابٍ فَلَمَّا دُفِعْتُ إِلَيْهِ أَخَذَ بِيَدِي وَقَدْ كَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ «إنِِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللهُ يَدَهُ فِي يَدِي» فَقَامَ بِي فَلَقِيتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَصَبِيٌّ مَعَهَا فَقَالَا إِنَّ لَنَا إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةً فَقَامَ مَعَهَا حَتَّى قَضَى حَاجَتَهَا ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِيَدِي حَتَّى أَتَى دَارَهُ فَأُلْقِيَتْ لَهُ وِسَادَةً فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهَا وَجَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَمْ يَغُرَّكَ إلَّا أَنْ يُقَالَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُ منْ إِلَهٍ إِلَّا اللهَ؟ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَا يَغُرُّكَ أَوْ يَضُرُّكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا أَكْبَرَ مِنَ اللهِ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ «إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ مَغْضُوبٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِنَّ النَّصَارَى ضُلَّالٌ» قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي حَنِيفٌ مُسْلِمٌ فَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَهُ يَنْبَسِطُ فَرَحًا ثُمَّ أَمَرَنِي فَنَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَجَعَلْتُ آتِيهِ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَشِيَّةً إِذْ أَتَاهُ قَوْمٌ فِي ثِيَابٍ مِنْ صُوفٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ النِّمَارِ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ قَامَ فَحَثَّ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ بِصَاعٍ أَوْ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ أَوْ نَصِيفِهِ وَلَوْ بِبَعْضِ قَبْضَةٍ يَقِي أَحَدُكُمْ وَجْهَهُ مِنْ حَرِّ جَهَنَّمَ أَوِ النَّارِ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ التَّمْرَةِ فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَاقِي اللهَ فَقَائِلٌ لَهُ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْ لَكَ سَمْعًا وَبَصَرًا فَيَقُولُ بَلَى فَيَقُولُ أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْ لَكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا؟ فَيَقُولُ بَلَى فَيَقُولُ أَيْنَ مَا قَدَّمْتَ لِنَفْسِكَ فَيَنْظُرُ أَمَامَهُ وَخَلْفَهُ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَلَا يَجِدُ شَيْئًا يَقِي بِهِ وَجْهَهُ فليَوقِّي أَحَدُكُمْ وَجْهَهُ النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ فَإِنِّي لَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْفَاقَةَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ نَاصِرُكُمْ وَمُعْطِيكُمْ حَتَّى تَسِيرَ الظَّعِينَةُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ يَثْرِبَ وَالْحِيرَةِ وَأَكْثَرَ مَا يُخَافُ عَلَى مَطِيَّتِهَا السَّرَقُ فَجَعَلْتُ أَقُولُ فِي نَفْسِي فَأَيْنَ لُصُوصُ طَيِّئٍ

[AI] The horses of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or the messengers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came with a scorpion, so they took my aunt and some people. When they came to him (the Prophet) ﷺ , they made way for him. She said, "O Messenger of Allah, the one who has come has left, the child has been severed, and I am an old woman and I have no one to serve me. So may Allah bless whoever helps me." He said, "Who is your guest?" She said, "Adi ibn Hatim." He said, "Which one fled from Allah and His Messenger?" She said, "So may Allah bless whoever helps me." So when Adi returned, there was a man with him who seemed to be Ali. He said, "Salih, carry her loads." She said, "So I asked him and he ordered a donkey. I said, 'You have done what your father used to do.'" She said, "Go to him as a person in need or as a monk, for so and so came to him and he was affected by him, and so and so came to him and he was affected by him. So I went to him, and there was a woman and children or a child with him. He mentioned their relation to the Prophet ﷺ , so I knew that he was not a king like Khosrau and Caesar. He said, "O Adi, what prevents you from saying 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah)? Is there any god other than Allah?" He said, "What prevents you from saying 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the greatest)? Is there anything greater than Allah?" So I embraced Islam, and I saw his face light up and he said, "Indeed, the Jews are those who are cursed, and indeed, the Christians are those who are astray." Then some people came to him and praised Allah, and he praised Him. Then he said, "Now, O people, it is for you to be humble before His grace, as a person humbles himself before a measure of food with a measured handful." Shu'bah said, "And most of what I know is that he said with a date, splitting a date. Indeed, one of you will meet Allah and He will say, 'Did I not make you hearing and seeing? Did I not grant you wealth and children? So what have you brought?' So he will look to his right, left, front, and behind him, but he will not find anything. So he will not fear the Fire except by Allah's face. So fear the Fire, even if it is with half a date. And if you do not find that, then with a good word. Indeed, I do not fear poverty for you, for Allah will help you and give you victory, or He will open up for you until the she-camel enters between two mountains, the fear of which is greater, that Thamud feared."

جَاءَتْ خَيْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَو رُسُلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَقْرَبٍ فَأَخَذُوا عَمَّتِي وَنَاسًا فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بِهِمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَفُّوا لَهُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَأَى الْوَافِدُ وَانْقَطَعَ الْوَلَدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَا بِي مِنْ خِدْمَةٍ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ مَنَّ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ وَمَنْ وَافِدُكِ؟ قَالَتْ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ أَيِ الَّذِي فَرَّ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَتْ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ وَرَجُلٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ تَرَى أَنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ سَلِيهِ حِمْلَانًا قَالَتْ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَأَمَرَ بِأَتَانٍ فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ فَعَلْتَ فَعْلَةً مَا كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَفْعَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ ائْتِهِ رَاغِبًا أَو رَاهِبًا فَقَدْ أَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ وَأَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَصِبْيَانٌ أَو صَبِيٌّ فَذَكَرَ قُرْبَهُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَلِكَ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ فَقَالَ يَا عَدِيُّ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ فَهَلْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ إلَّا اللهُ؟ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ فَهَلْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ اللهِ؟ فَأَسْلَمْتُ فَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَهُ اسْتَبْشَرَ وَقَالَ «إِنَّ الْمَغْضُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ الْيَهُودُ وإنَّ الضَّالِّينَ النَّصَارَى» ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ نَاسٌ فَسَأَلُوهُ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَلَكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْ تَرْضَخُوا مِنَ الْفَضْلِ ارْتَضَخَ امْرُؤٌ بِصَاعٍ بِبَعْضِ صَاعٍ بِقَبْضَةٍ» قَالَ شُعْبَةُ وَأَكْثَرُ عِلْمِي أَنَّهُ قَالَ بِتَمْرَةٍ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَاقِي اللهَ فَقَائِلٌ أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْكَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْ لَكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا فَمَاذَا قَدَّمْتَ؟ فَيَنْظُرُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَلَا يَجِدُ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَتَّقِي النَّارَ إلَّا بِوَجْهِهِ فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ إِنِّي لَا أَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمُ الْفَاقَةَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّكُمُ اللهُ وَلَيُعْطِيَنَّكُمْ أَوْ لَيَفْتَحَنَّ لَكُمْ حَتَّى تَسِيرَ الظَّعِينَةُ بَيْنَ الْحِيرَةِ ويَثْرِبَ أَخْوَفُ مَا تَخَافُ عَلَى ظَعِينَتِهَا السَّرَقَ

He heard Abu Musa say: "The Prophet of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnah and our prayer. He said: 'When you pray, make your rows straight and let one of you lead you in prayer. When the Imam says the takbir, then say the takbir. When he recites 'Not (the way) of those who earned Your anger, nor those who went astray' then say: "Amin" and Allah will answer you. When he says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow. The Imam bows before you do and stands up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he says: "'Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him),' then say: "Allahumma Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (O Allah, our Lord, and to You be the praise), " Allah will hear you, for Allah has said on the lips of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." And when he (the Imam) says the takbir and prostrates, then say the takbir and prostrate. The Imam prostrates before you do and sits up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he is sitting, let the first thing that any one of you says be: At-tahiyaatut-tayyibatus-salawatuLillah, salamun 'alayka ayyuhanabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu, salamun 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadillahis-salihin, ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh (All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah, peace be upon you O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger)- seven phrases which are the greeting of the prayer.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1064)

إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لِيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ الْإِمَامُ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَرَأَ {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة 7] فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يُسْمَعِ اللهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحِمَهُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عَبَّادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ سَبْعُ كَلِمَاتٍ وَهِيَ تَحِيَّةُ الصَّلَاةِ

He heard Abu Musa say: "The Prophet of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnah and our prayer. He said: 'When you pray, make your rows straight and let one of you lead you in prayer. When the Imam says the takbir, then say the takbir. When he recites 'Not (the way) of those who earned Your anger, nor those who went astray' then say: "Amin" and Allah will answer you. When he says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow. The Imam bows before you do and stands up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he says: "'Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him),' then say: "Allahumma Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (O Allah, our Lord, and to You be the praise), " Allah will hear you, for Allah has said on the lips of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." And when he (the Imam) says the takbir and prostrates, then say the takbir and prostrate. The Imam prostrates before you do and sits up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he is sitting, let the first thing that any one of you says be: At-tahiyaatut-tayyibatus-salawatuLillah, salamun 'alayka ayyuhanabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu, salamun 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadillahis-salihin, ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh (All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah, peace be upon you O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger)- seven phrases which are the greeting of the prayer.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1064)

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَالَ: «أَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ، ثُمَّ لِيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ، فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا، وَإِذَا قَالَ {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} فَقُولُوا: (آمِينَ) يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ، وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ الْإِمَامُ وَرَكَعَ، فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا، فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ۔» قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ: «فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ، وَإِذَا قَالَ (سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ)، فَقُولُوا: (رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ) يَسْمَعُ اللهُ لَكُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ الْإِمَامُ وَسَجَدَ، فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا، فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ۔»

قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ: «فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ، فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ أَنْ يَقُولَ: (التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا، وَعَلَى عَبَّادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ۔)»

"Abu Musa led us in prayer and when he was sitting, a man from among the people entered and said: 'Prayer is based on righteousness and is always mentioned alongside Zakah (in the Qur'an).' When Abu Musa had said the Salam, he turned to the people and said: 'Which of you spoke these words?' The people kept quiet. Then he said: 'O Hittan, perhaps you said it?' He said: 'No, but I was afraid that you would rebuke me for it.' He said: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ taught us our prayer and Sunnah prayers, and he said: The Imam is appointed to be followed, so when he says the Takbir, say the Takbir; when he says "Not (the way) of those who earned Your Anger, nor of those who went astray," say Amin, and Allah will respond to you; when he rises up from bowing and says, 'Sami' Allalhu liman hamidah (Allah hears those who praise Him), say 'Rabbana lakal-hamd (Our Lord, to You be praise),' and Allah will hear you; when he prostrates, prostrate, and when he sits up, sit up. The Imam should prostrate before you do and sit up before you do.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 830)

رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ؟ قَالَ يَا حِطَّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قُلْتَهَا؟ قَالَ لَا وَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ تَبْكعَنِي بِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُعَلِّمُنَا صَلَاتَنَا وَسُنَّتَنَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة 7] فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ وَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَقَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعِ اللهُ لَكُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدَ فَاسْجُدُوا فَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ»

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnahs and our prayer. He said: 'Make your rows straight, then let one of you lead the others. When he says the takbir, then say the takbir; when he says: "Wa lad-dallin" then say "Amin" and Allah (SWT) will answer you. When the Imam says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow, for the Imam bows before you and stands up before you.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. When he says: 'Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him), say: "Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (Our Lord, to You be praise)," Allah (SWT) will hear you, for indeed Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, has said on the tongue of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." Then when the Imam says the takbir and prostrates, say the takbir and prostrate, for the Imam prostrates before you and rises before you.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. Then when you are sitting, let the first thing that any one of you says be: At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat, as-salamu 'alaika ayyuhan-Nabiyyu wa rahmatAllahi wa baraktuhu. As-salamu 'alaina wa 'ala 'ibad illahis-salihin, ashahdu an la illaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu (Allah compliments, prayers and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah (SWT) and his blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah (SWT). I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger)." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1172)

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لِيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة 7] فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللهُمَّ رَبِّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ ثُمَّ إِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ أَنْ يَقُولَ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عَبَّادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

[AI] Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari prayed with the people and mentioned the hadith in which he said, "The Messenger of Allah taught us our prayer and explained our sunnah. When you pray, straighten your rows. When he says 'Allahu Akbar,' say 'Allahu Akbar.' When he says 'not of those who have incurred wrath' and 'nor of those who have gone astray,' say 'Ameen,' for Allah will answer you. When he says 'Allahu Akbar' and bows, say 'Allahu Akbar' and bow, for the imam says the takbeer before you and raises his head before you." Then the Prophet said, "That is as that is. When he says 'Allah hears those who praise Him,' say 'Our Lord, to You is all praise,' for Allah will answer you."

أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ ؓ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَفِيهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يُكَبِّرُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ

[AI] Abu Musa, O Hittan, perhaps you were the one who said it, I said, "By Allah, I did not say it," and indeed, I feared that you would strike me because of it. Then a man stood up and said, "I am the one who said it, and I only intended good with it." Abu Musa said, "Do you not know how to pray? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our prayer and explained our Sunnah. He said, 'When you pray, straighten your rows, and when he (the imam) says Allahu Akbar, say Allahu Akbar, and when he says other than the Maghboune 'alayhim (the disgraced ones) and the Dalleen (the astray ones), say Ameen, which Allah will answer. And when he says Allahu Akbar and bows, say Allahu Akbar and bow, for indeed, the imam says Allahu Akbar before you and raises before you.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'So it is with that, and when he says, "Sami'a Allahu liman hamidah" (Allah hears whoever praises Him), say, "Rabbana lakal hamd" (Our Lord, to You is the praise). And when it is at the sitting position, let him say the first thing he talks with, "At-tahiyyatu at-tayyibatu az-zakiyyatu lillahi, as-salamu 'alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu. As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadillahis-salihin. Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh" (All greetings, pure words, good acts are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger)."

أَبُو مُوسَى يَا حِطَّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قَائِلُهَا قُلْتُ وَاللهِ مَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا قَائِلُهَا وَمَا أَرَدْتُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْخَيْرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَمَا تَدْرُونَ كَيْفَ تُصَلُّونَ؟ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يُكَبِّرُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقُعُودِ فَلْيَقُلْ أَوَّلَ مَا يَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الزَّاكِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

Hittan ibn Abdullah ar-Ruqashi said: AbuMusa al-Ash'ari led us in prayer. When he sat at the end of his prayer, one of the people said: Prayer has been established by virtue and purity. When AbuMusa returned (from his prayer or finished his prayer), he gave his attention to the people, and said: Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. Which of you is the speaker of such and such words? The people remained silent. He said: You might have said them, Hittan. He replied: I did not say them. I was afraid you might punish me. One of the people said: I said them and I did not intend by them (anything) except good. AbuMusa said: Do you not know how you utter (them) in your prayer? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us, and taught us and explained to us our way of doing and taught us our prayer. He said: When you pray a (congregational) prayer, straighten your rows, then one of you should lead you in prayer. When he says the takbir (Allah is Most Great), say the takbir, and when he recites verses "Not of those upon whom is Thy anger, nor of those who err" (i.e. the end of Surah i.), say Amin; Allah will favour you. When he says "Allah is most great," and bows, say "Allah is most great" and bow, for the imam will bow before you, and will raise (his head) before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he says "Allah listens to the one who praises Him," say: "O Allah, our Lord, to Thee be praise, Allah be praised," Allah will listen to you, for Allah, the Exalted, said by the tongue of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah listens to the one who praises Him." When he says "Allah is most great" and prostrates, say: "Allah is most great" and prostrate, for the imam prostrates before you and raises his head before you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is for that. When he sits, each one of you should say "The adorations of the tongue, all good things, and acts of worship are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's upright servants. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Apostle." This version of Ahmad does not mention the words "and His blessings" nor the phrase "and I testify"; instead, it has the words "that Muhammad." (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 972)

رَجُلٌ خَلْفَهُ أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالَ لِي يَا حِطَّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قُلْتَهَا قُلْتُ مَا قُلْتُهَا وَلَقَدْ رَهِبْتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا قَالَ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ أَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَعَلَّمَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَالَ أَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ ثُمَّ لِيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ الْإِمَامُ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا قَرَأَ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ فَقُولُوا آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ وَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا اللهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَسْمَعِ اللهُ لَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

[AI] "To identify Abdurrahman and he identified him. When Abdurrahman entered upon Hajjaj, he said, 'You are Abdurrahman bin Aswad.' Abdurrahman said, 'I won't enter the Prince's presence without him knowing my name.' Hajjaj said, 'Indeed.' Hajjaj then asked, 'What do you have with you?' Abdurrahman said, 'I have two bags made of paper.' Hajjaj asked, 'Don't you have anything else?' Abdurrahman replied, 'No.' Hajjaj said, 'By Allah, the One who there is no deity except Him, the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, what do you have with you other than these two bags?' Abdurrahman said, 'I swear by my Lord, I did not lie to the Prince.' Haji also used his right hand, which he would swear by, and said, 'By Allah.' Abdurrahman also swore, 'By my Lord,' and said, 'So then, just as I said to the Prince, I don't have anything other than these two bags.' Hajjaj said, 'This is unacceptable from you, take him to prison.' So, Abdurrahman was imprisoned, and in the prison, there were monks from the people of Sham. Abdurrahman saw something he had never seen before. If he was standing to pray, he would pray, and if he was not praying, he would stand alone, glorify Allah, and mention Allah. The Shamite saw something unfamiliar to him, so if he was a well person, what would he say to his Lord when he meets Him? He had a righteous man in this prison, and he didn't know if he was oppressed, so he sent a message to Abdurrahman and said, 'Indeed, Hajjaj is a person whom you know, and I am taking the risk for you to set a time with me. If Allah has saved me from my illness, then you can return to your imprisonment until Allah brings relief to you. And if I die, then you have saved yourself. I don't want you to swear for me.' Abdurrahman said to him, 'You have that.' So, he disguised himself and dressed in women's clothing between two women. While he was walking, a man riding his donkey approached him. When he reached him, he greeted him and said, 'Peace be upon you.' Then he got off and said to him, 'Ride, may Allah have mercy on you.' One of the two women answered him, 'We are women, we need it. Ride your beast, may Allah have mercy on you.' He said, 'There is no deity except Allah, I don't have any intention towards you.' She said, 'When Abdurrahman thought that he had understood, he said, 'Let's ride,' and he left for his home. The Shamite, the owner of the prison, died. We witnessed it around the donkey and we didn't find anyone who recognized it."

أَنْ يُشْخِصَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَشْخَصَهُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ أَنْتَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ لَا أَخَالُ الْأَمِيرَ دَعَانِي إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَرِفَ اسْمِي قَالَ أَجَلْ قَالَ مَا لِفُلَانٍ عِنْدَكَ؟ قَالَ عِنْدِي جِرَابَانِ مِنْ وَرِقٍ قَالَ لَهُ عِنْدَكَ غَيْرُهُمَا؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ مَا لِفُلَانٍ عِنْدَكَ إِلَّا هَذَانَ الْجِرَابَانِ؟ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ رَبِّي مَا كَذَبْتُ الْأَمِيرَ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ يَمِينُهُ الَّتِي يَحْلِفُ بِهَا إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ رَبِّي قَالَ فَهُوَ كَمَا يَقُولُ لِلْأَمِيرِ مَا لَهُ عِنْدِي غَيْرُهُمَا قَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا غَيْرُ مَقْبُولٍ مِنْكَ اذْهَبُوا بِهِ إِلَى السِّجْنِ قَالَ فَحُبِسَ فِي السِّجْنِ وَعَلَى السِّجْنِ نَاسِكٌ مِنْ نُسَّاكِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ قَالَ فَرَأَى شَيْئًا لَمْ يَرَ مِثْلَهُ إِنْ كَانَ فِي حِينٍ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ فَهُوَ فِيهِ رَاتِبٌ قَائِمًا يُصَلِّي وَإِنْ كَانَ حِينٌ لَا يُصَلِّي فِيهِ فَهُوَ مُنْتَبِذٌ وَحْدَهُ يُسَبِّحُ وَيُكَبِّرُ وَيُذْكُرُ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثِ الشَّامِيُّ أَنْ مَرِضَ فَقَالَ مَا أَقُولُ لِرَبِّي ﷻ إِذَا لَقِيتُهُ وَهَذَا الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ فِي هَذَا الْحَبْسِ لَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ مَظْلُومٌ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ وَأَنَا مُخْلٍ سَبِيلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَعِدَنِي مِنْكَ مَوْعِدًا إِنِ اللَّهُ ﷻ نَجَّانِي مِنْ مَرَضِي هَذَا أَنْ تَعُودَ إلى مَحْبَسِكَ فَتَكُونَ فِيهِ حَتّى يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فَرَجًا وإنْ مِتُّ كُنْتَ قَدْ نَجَوْتَ بِنَفْسِكَ، لَسْتُ أُرِيدُ أنْ تَحْلِفَ لِي فَقالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: لَكَ ذَلِكَ قالَ: فَخَرَجَ مُتَنَكِّرًا حَتّى لَبِسَ ثِيابَ النِّساءِ مُتَنَكِّرًا بَيْنَ امْرَأتَيْنِ، فَبَيْنَما هُوَ يَمْشِي عَرَضَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ راكِبٌ عَلى بَغْلَتِهِ فَلَمّا انْتَهى إلَيْهِ قالَ لَهُ: سَلامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَقالَ: ارْكَبْ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ فَأجابَتْهُ إحْدى المَرْأتَيْنِ إنَّما نَحْنُ نِسْوَةٌ أقْبَلْنا فِي حاجَةٍ لَنا، ارْكَبْ دابَّتَكَ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ قالَ: لا إلَهَ إلّا اللَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ مِنِّي عَيْنٌ قالَ: فَلَمّا ظَنَّ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أنَّهُ قَدْ انْتَبَهَ قالَ: فَرَكِبَ فانْطَلَقَ إلى مَنزِلِهِ قالَ: وماتَ الشّامِيُّ صاحِبُ السِّجْنِ قالَ: فَنَشْهَدُها حَوْلًا يَعْنِي البَغْلَةَ فَلَمْ نَجِدْ أحَدًا يَعْرِفُها

He heard Abu Musa say: "The Prophet of Allah ﷺ addressed us and taught us our Sunnah and our prayer. He said: 'When you pray, make your rows straight and let one of you lead you in prayer. When the Imam says the takbir, then say the takbir. When he recites 'Not (the way) of those who earned Your anger, nor those who went astray' then say: "Amin" and Allah will answer you. When he says the takbir and bows, then say the takbir and bow. The Imam bows before you do and stands up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he says: "'Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him),' then say: "Allahumma Rabbana wa lakal-hamd (O Allah, our Lord, and to You be the praise), " Allah will hear you, for Allah has said on the lips of His Prophet ﷺ: "Allah hears the one who praises Him." And when he (the Imam) says the takbir and prostrates, then say the takbir and prostrate. The Imam prostrates before you do and sits up before you do.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'This makes up for that. And when he is sitting, let the first thing that any one of you says be: At-tahiyaatut-tayyibatus-salawatuLillah, salamun 'alayka ayyuhanabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu, salamun 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadillahis-salihin, ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh (All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah, peace be upon you O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger)- seven phrases which are the greeting of the prayer.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1064)

"إذَا صلَّيتُم فأقِيمُوا صُفُوفكم، ثُمَّ لِيؤمَّكُمْ أحدُكَمْ، فإِذا كبَّر فكبِّروا وإذا قَرأَ فأنْصِتوا، وإذا قال: {غَيرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} فقولوا: آمينَ يُحبُّكمُ الله، فإذا كبَّر ورَكَعَ فكبِّروا واركعوا، فإِنَّ الإِمامَ يركَعُ قَبْلَكُم ويرْفعُ قَبَلكْمُ، فتلك بتلكَ، وإذا قال: سمع الله لمن حِمَده، فقولوا: اللَّهُمّ ربنّا لك الحمْدُ يسمع الله لكُمْ، وإذا كبَّر وسجد فكبِّروا واسْجُدوا، فإنّ الإمام يسجُدُ قْبلكُمْ ويرفع قبلكم فتلك بتلك، وإذا كان عند القعدة فليكن مِنْ أَوَّلِ قول أَحدكُمْ: التَّحياتُ الطّيباتُ الصَّلواتُ لله، السَّلامُ عليك أيُّها النَّبيُّ ورحمةُ الله وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ علينا وعلى عباد الله الصَّالحين أشْهَدُ أن لا إِله إِلَّا الله، وأشْهدُ أنّ محمدًا عبْده ورسوله".

"عَنْ محاربِ بن دِثَار عن عمرَ قالَ: بينما نحنُ عند رسول الله ﷺ إذا أتاه رجلٌ أبيضُ الثيابِ، طيبُ الريحِ فوضعَ يده على ركبةِ رسول الله ﷺ فقال: يا رسول الله ما الإيمانُ؟ قال: أن تؤمن بالله واليومِ الآخر والملائكةِ والكتابِ والنبيينَ والجنةِ والنارِ، وبالقدر خيرهِ وشرَّه، قال: فإذا فعلت ذلك فأنا مؤمنٌ؟ قال: نعم، قال: صدقت، فعجبنا من قوله لرسول الله ﷺ : صدقت، قال: فما الإسلام؟ قال: تقيمُ الصلاة، وتؤتى الزكاةَ وتحجُّ البيتَ، وتصومُ رمضان، وتغتسل من الجنَابَةِ، قال: فإذا أنا فعلتُ ذلك فأنا مسلمٌ؟ قال: نعم، قال: صدقت: فتعجبنا من قوله لرسول الله ﷺ صدقت، قال: فما الإحسانُ؟ قال: أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تره فإنه يراك، قال: صدقت، قال: فمتى الساعة؟ قال: ما المسئول عنها بأعلم من السائل، قال: صدقت، ثم أدبر، قال رسول الله ﷺ : علىَّ بالرجل، فالتمسوه فلم يقدروا عليه، فقال: هذا جبريل جاءكم ليريَكم دينكم، وما أتانى في صورة قط إلا عرفته قبل مدَّتى هذه".

[AI] A young man wearing white clothes—and that was near the end of the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—came to him and said, "Are you the Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Yes." He said, "May I come near you?" He said: "Come near me." So he placed his hand on his knees and said, "Are you the Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Yes"—he said it twice.

He said, "What is Islam?" He said: "You testify that there is no god but Allah alone, with no partner, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; you establish prayer, give zakah, fast Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the House." He said, "Then what is faith?" He said: "You believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and all of destiny." He said, "Then what is excellence?" He said: "You worship Allah as though you see Him; for if you do not see Him, He sees you." [He said], "If I do that, then am I excellent and Muslim?" He said: "Yes."

Umar said: The Prophet of Allah ﷺ narrated to me: "Musa met Adam and said, 'Are you Adam, whom Allah created with His hand and before whom He made His angels prostrate? Were it not for what you committed, no one from your offspring would enter the Fire.' He said, 'Are you Musa, whom Allah chose for His message and His speech? How can you blame me for a matter that had been written against me before I was created?' So they argued, and Adam overcame Musa in argument."

أَنَّ رَجُلًا شَابًّا عَلَيْهِ ثِيَابُ بَيَاضٍ -وَذَلِكَ فِى آخِرِ عُمُرِ رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ- أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ». قَالَ: أدْنُو مِنْكَ؟ قَالَ: «ادْنُ مِنِّى». فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، قَالَ: أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» -قَالَهَا مَرَتَّيْنِ-.

قَالَ: مَا الإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ: «تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَريكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِى الزَّكَاةَ، وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ، وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ». قَالَ: فَمَا الإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ: «تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّه وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ والْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ». قَالَ: فَمَا الإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ: «تَعْبُدُ اللَّه كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ». [قَالَ]: فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأنَا مُحْسِنٌ مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ».

قَالَ عُمَرُ: وَحَدَثَّنِى نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَّ مُوَسى -عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ- لَقِى آدَمَ فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ آدَمُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَأَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ، وَلَوْلَا الذِى رَكِبْتَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ النَّارَ؟ قَالَ: أَنْتَ مُوسى الَّذِىِ اصْطَفَاكَ اللَّهُ بِرِسَالَتِهِ وَبِكلَامِهِ؛ فَكَيْفَ تَلُومنِى فِى أَمْرٍ قَدْ كَانَ كُتِبَ عَلَىَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ؟! فَتَحَاجَّا؛ فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى».

"عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمنِ بْنِ غَنَم، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أتَاهُ جِبْريلُ في صُورَةٍ لم يَعْرِفْهُ فِيها حَتَّى وَضَعَ يَدْهُ عَلَى رُكبتى رسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ: مَا الإسْلامُ؟ قَالَ الإسْلامُ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ للهِ، وَتَشْهَد أنْ لا إِله إِلا اللهُ، وَأنَّ مُحَمدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، وتقِيمَ الصَّلاةَ، وَتؤتِىَ الزَّكاة، قَالَ فإِذَا فعَلْتُ ذلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فَمَا الإيمَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: الإيمانُ أنْ تُؤمِنَ بِاللهِ واليْومِ الآخِرِ، والملائِكَةِ، والكِتابِ، والنبيين، وَبالموتِ، وَبالحيَاةِ بَعْدَ الموتِ، والحِسَابِ والميزان، والجنَّةِ والنَّارِ، والقَدرِ كُلِّهِ خيره وشَرِّه، قَالَ: فإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقْدَ آمنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَم، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فَما الإحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: تَخْشَى الله كأنَّكَ تراهُ، فإنَّكَ إنْ لا تكُ تَرَاهُ فإنَّهُ يَراكَ، قَالَ: فإِذَا فعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ: نَعْم، قَالَ صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فما الإحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قال: تَخْشَى اللهَ كأنَّكَ تراهُ، فَإنَّكَ إنْ لا تَكُ تَرَاهُ فإنَّه يَراكَ، قَالَ: فإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذلكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْت؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فما السَّاعةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خمسٌ مِنْ الغيْب لا يَعْلمُهُن إلا الله ما المسئولُ عنهنَّ بأعلَم بهنَّ من السَّائِلِ، إنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ، وينزلُ الغيْثَ، ويعلمُ ما فِي الأرحَام، وما تدْرى نفْسٌ ماذا تكْسِبُ غدًا، ومَا تَدْرى نَفْسٌ بأىِّ أرْضٍ تموتُ، وإنْ شئتَ أخبرتُك بعلْمِ ما قبلَها، إذا وَلَدتِ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا، وتَطَاوَلَ أهل الشاء ()، وَرأيْتَ الحُفَاةَ العراة ( *) عَلَى رِقابِ النَّاس قَالَ: وَمنَ هُم يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ ، قَالَ: غريب ثم وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : أيْن السائِلُ؟ قَالَوا: مَا رأينَا طَرِيْقَهُ مُذْ بَدَا، قَالَ ذَاكُمْ جِبْريلُ يعَلمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ، وَمَا جَاءَنِى قطُّ إلا عَرَفْتُهُ إلا اليوم".

"عَن أَبِى مُوسَى قَالَ: أتَى رَسُولَ الله ﷺ جِبْريِلُ في صُورَةِ أَعْرَابِىٍّ وَرَسُولُ الله ﷺ يَعْرِفُهُ، قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، مَا الإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِالله وَالْيَومِ الآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْبعْثِ بَعْدَ المَوْتِ، وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِه وَشَرِّهِ، قَالَ: إِذَا فَعَلتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَم: قال: صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فَمَا الإِسْلَام؟ قَالَ: أنْ تَشْهَد أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا الله وَأن مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِى الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُج البَيْتَ وَتَصُومَ شَهْر رَمَضَانَ، قَالَ: فَإذَا فَعَلتُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَنَا مُسْلِم؟ قَالَ: نَعَم، قَالَ: صَدَقْت، قَالَ: فَمَا الإِحْسَان، قَالَ: تَعْبُدُ الله تَعَالَى كَأنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ لَم تَرَهُ فَهُو يَرَاكَ، قَالَ: صَدَقَتَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَالتَفَتَ النَّبىُّ ﷺ لطلب الرَّجُلِ، فلَمْ يَقْدِر عَلَيْه، فقَالَ النَّبِى ﷺ هَذَا جبْرِيلُ جَاءَكُم يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُم، وَفِى لَفْظ أَمْر دِينكُم".