33. Sūrat al-Aḥzāb (1/2)

٣٣۔ سُورَةُ الأحزَاب ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 33
القرآن > كتاب ٣٣

The Clans (Medinan)

quran:33:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

O Prophet, fear Allah and do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.  

O Prophet! Fear God, remain in fear of Him, and do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites, ˹and so follow them˺ in what contravenes your Law. Truly God is Knower, of what will happens before it happens, Wise, in what He creates.
القرآن:٣٣:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  

{يا أيها النبي اتق الله} دم على تقواه {ولا تطع الكافرين والمنافقين} فيما يخالف شريعتك {إن الله كان عليما} بما يكون قبل كونه {حكيما} فيما يخلقه.
quran:33:2 –

And follow that which is revealed to you from your Lord. Indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.  

And follow what is revealed to you from your Lord, namely, the Qur’ān. Truly God is Aware of what you do (ta‘malūna; a variant reading has ya‘malūna, ‘˹what˺ they do’).
القرآن:٣٣:٢ –

وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا  

{واتبع ما يوحى إليك من ربك} أي القرآن {إن الله كان بما تعملون خبيرا} وفي قراءة بالتحتانية.
quran:33:3 –

And rely upon Allah; and sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs.  

And put your trust in God, regarding this affair of yours; and God suffices as Guardian, to preserve you. And ˹the members of˺ his ˹the Prophet’s˺ community are subject to the same ˹admonitions˺ in all of the above.
القرآن:٣٣:٣ –

وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا  

{وتوكل على الله} في أمرك {وكفى بالله وكيلا} حافظا لك، وأمته تبع له في ذلك كله.
quran:33:4 –

Allah has not made for a man two hearts in his interior. And He has not made your wives whom you declare unlawful your mothers. And he has not made your adopted sons your ˹true˺ sons. That is ˹merely˺ your saying by your mouths, but Allah says the truth, and He guides to the ˹right˺ way.  

God has not placed two hearts inside any man: ˹this was revealed˺ in order to refute those disbelievers who said that they each had two hearts with which they could reason better than Muhammad’s single mind; nor has He made your wives whom (read as allā’ī, or allā’) you repudiate by zihār (read tazzahharūna, or tuzāhirūna; the original tā’ ˹of tatazāharūna˺ has been assimilated with the zā’) — a man would say to his wife for example, ‘You are for me as ˹untouchable as˺ my mother’s back’ — your mothers, in other words, ˹He has not made you wives˺ like ˹your˺ mothers, so that they are illicit ˹for conjugality˺ in that respect, ˹a practice˺ which in pre-Islamic times was considered a ˹valid form of˺ divorce. An atonement with ˹necessary˺ conditions is necessary in such a case, as mentioned in sūrat al-Mujādila ˹Q. 58:2-3˺. Nor has He made those whom you claim as ˹adopted˺ sons (ad‘iyā’, the plural of da‘iyy, which is one claimed as the son of one who is not his ˹biological˺ father) your sons, in reality. That is a mere utterance of your mouths, namely, ˹of˺ the Jews and the hypocrites. When the Prophet (s) married Zaynab bt. Jahsh, who had been Zayd b. Hāritha’s wife, the adopted son of the Prophet (s), they said, ‘Muhammad married his son’s wife!’, and so God proved them liars in this. But God speaks the truth, in this ˹matter˺, and He guides to the way, the way of truth.
القرآن:٣٣:٤ –

مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِهِ ۚ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزْوَاجَكُمُ اللَّائِي تُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ ۚ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ  

{ما جعل الله لرجل من قلبين في جوفه} ردا على من قال من الكفار إن له قلبين يعقل بكل منهما أفضل من عقل محمد {وما جعل أزواجكم اللائي} بهمزة وياء وبلا ياء {تَظَّهَّروُنَ} بلا ألف قبل الهاء وبها والتاء الثانية في الأصل مدغمة في الظاء {منهن} يقول الواحد مثلا لزوجته أنت على كظهر أمي {أمهاتكم} أي كالأمهات في تحريمها بذلك المعد في الجاهلية طلاقا، وإنما تجب به الكفارة بشرطه كما ذكر في سورة المجادلة {وما جعل أدعياءَكم} جمع دعي وهو من يدعي لغير أبيه أبنا له {أبناءَكم} حقيقة {ذلكم قولكم بأفواهكم} أي اليهود والمنافقين قالوا لما تزوج النبي ﷺ زينب بنت جحش التي كانت امرأة زيد بن حارثة الذي تبناه النبي ﷺ قالوا: تزوج محمد امرأة ابنه فأكذبهم الله تعالى في ذلك {والله يقول الحق} في ذلك {وهو يهدي السبيل} سبيل الحق.
quran:33:5 –

Call them by ˹the names of˺ their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allah. But if you do not know their fathers - then they are ˹still˺ your brothers in religion and those entrusted to you. And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred but ˹only for˺ what your hearts intended. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.  

Instead, attribute them to their ˹true˺ fathers. That is more equitable, ˹that is˺ more just, in the sight of God. If you do not know their ˹true˺ fathers, then they are your brethren in religion and ˹as˺ your associates. And you would not be at fault for any mistake you make, in this respect, except, in, what your hearts may premeditate, after the prohibition ˹has been issued˺. And God is Forgiving, of whatever you said before the prohibition ˹was issued˺, Merciful, to you in this respect.
القرآن:٣٣:٥ –

ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ ۚ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَٰكِنْ مَا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

لكن {ادعوهم لآبائهم هو أقسطُ} أعدل {عند الله، فإن لم تعلموا آباءهم فإخوانكم في الدين ومواليكم} بنو عمكم {وليس عليكم جناح فيما أخطأتم به} في ذلك {ولكن} في {ما تعمدت قلوبكم} فيه أي بعد النهي {وكان الله غفورا} لما كان من قولكم قبل النهي {رحيما} بكم في ذلك.
quran:33:6 –

The Prophet is more worthy of the believers than themselves, and his wives are ˹in the position of˺ their mothers. And those of ˹blood˺ relationship are more entitled ˹to inheritance˺ in the decree of Allah than the ˹other˺ believers and the emigrants, except that you may do to your close associates a kindness ˹through bequest˺. That was in the Book inscribed.  

The Prophet is closer to the believers than their ˹own˺ souls, in terms of what he calls them to and what their own souls have called them to contravene, and his wives are their mothers, insofar as they ˹the believers˺ are forbidden to marry them. And those related by blood, kinsmen, are more entitled, to inherit ˹from˺, one another in the Book of God than the ˹other˺ believers and the Emigrants, in other words, than inheriting on account of ˹their sharing˺ faith and the Emigration, which had been the case at the beginning of Islam but was then abrogated; barring any favour you may do your friends, by ˹making˺ a bequest, which is permissible. This, namely, the abrogation of inheritance on account of ˹shared˺ faith and Emigration by the inheritance on account of kinship, is written in the Book — in both instances al-kitāb, ‘the Book’, denotes the Preserved Tablet (al-lawh al-mahfūz).
القرآن:٣٣:٦ –

النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَىٰ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ ۖ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ ۗ وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلُوا إِلَىٰ أَوْلِيَائِكُمْ مَعْرُوفًا ۚ كَانَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَسْطُورًا  

{النبيُّ أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم} فيما دعاهم إليه ودعتهم أنفسهم إلى خلافه {وأزواجه أمهاتهم} في حرمة نكاحهن عليهم {وأولوا الأرحام} ذوو القرابات {بعضهم أولى ببعض} في الإرث {في كتاب الله من المؤمنين والمهاجرين} أي من الإرث بالإيمان والهجرة الذي كان أول الإسلام فنسخ {إلا} لكن {أن تفعلوا إلى أوليائكم معروفا} بوصية فجائز {كان ذلك} أي نسخ الإرث بالإيمان والهجرة بإرث ذوي الأرحام {في الكتاب مسطورا} وأريد بالكتاب في الموضعين اللوح المحفوظ.
quran:33:7 –

And ˹mention, O Muhammad˺, when We took from the prophets their covenant and from you and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus, the son of Mary; and We took from them a solemn covenant.  

And, mention, when We took a pledge from the prophets, at the point when they were brought forth from the loins of Adam, the size of atoms, and from you, and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus son of Mary, that they worship ˹only˺ God and call others to worship Him (the mention of the five ˹names˺ is an instance of supplementing the specific to the general). And We took from them a solemn pledge, a solid ˹one˺, that they fulfil what they have been charged with, and this was ˹effected˺ by ˹swearing˺ an oath to God, after which the pledge was consummated;
القرآن:٣٣:٧ –

وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَمِنْكَ وَمِنْ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ۖ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُمْ مِيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا  

{و} اذكر {إذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم} حين أخرجوا من صلب آدم كالذرّ جمع ذرة وهي أصغر النمل {ومنك ومن نوح وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى ابن مريم} بأن يعبدوا الله ويدعوا إلى عبادته وذكر الخمسة من عطف الخاص على العام {وأخذنا منهم ميثاقا غليظا} شديدا بالوفاء بما حملوه وهو اليمين بالله تعالى ثم أخذ الميثاق.
quran:33:8 –

That He may question the truthful about their truth. And He has prepared for the disbelievers a painful punishment.  

that He, God, may question the truthful about their truthfulness, in delivering the Message, as a way thereby to ˹justifiably˺ reproach the disbelievers; and He, exalted be He, has prepared for those who disbelieve, in them, a painful chastisement (‘adhāban alīman is a supplement to akhadhnā, ‘We took’).
القرآن:٣٣:٨ –

لِيَسْأَلَ الصَّادِقِينَ عَنْ صِدْقِهِمْ ۚ وَأَعَدَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا  

{ليسأل} الله {الصادقين عن صدقهم} في تبليغ الرسالة تبكيتا للكافرين بهم {وأعد} تعالى {للكافرين} بهم {عذابا أليما} مؤلما هو عطف على أخذنا.
quran:33:9 –

O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when armies came to ˹attack˺ you and We sent upon them a wind and armies ˹of angels˺ you did not see. And ever is Allah, of what you do, Seeing.  

O you who believe! Remember God’s favour to you when hosts, of disbelievers, came against you, as confederates, at the time the Ditch (al-khandaq) was being dug, and We unleashed against them a ˹great˺ wind and hosts, of angels, you did not see. And God is ever Seer of what you do (read ta‘malūna to imply ‘in the way of ˹your˺ digging of the ditch’; or read ya‘malūna, ‘˹of what˺ they do’, to imply ‘the idolaters’ forming of a confederation’).
القرآن:٣٣:٩ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا اذكروا نعمة الله عليكم إذ جاءتكم جنود} من الكفار متحزبون أيام حفر الخندق {فأرسلنا عليهم ريحا وجنودا لم تروها} من الملائكة {وكان الله بما تعملون} بالتاء من حفر الخندق وبالياء من تحزيب المشركين {بصيرا}.
quran:33:10 –

˹Remember˺ when they came at you from above you and from below you, and when eyes shifted ˹in fear˺, and hearts reached the throats and you assumed about Allah ˹various˺ assumptions.  

When they came at you from above you and from below you, in other words, from the higher side of the valley and from its lower side, from the east and from the west, and when the eyes turned away ˹in fear˺, from everything, to ˹gaze at˺ their enemies ˹approaching˺ from every side, and the hearts lept to the throats (hanājir, the plural of hunjura, which lies at the bottom of the gullet) out of intense fear, while you entertained all sorts of, different, thoughts concerning God, ˹some˺ of assistance, some of despair;
القرآن:٣٣:١٠ –

إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتِ الْأَبْصَارُ وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ وَتَظُنُّونَ بِاللَّهِ الظُّنُونَا  

{إذ جاؤوكم من فوقكم ومن أسفل منكم} من أعلى الوادي وأسفله من المشرق والمغرب {وإذ زاغت الأبصار} مالت عن كل شيء إلى عدوّها من كل جانب {وبلغت القلوب الحناجر} جمع حنجرة وهي منتهى الحلقوم من شدة الخوف {وتظنون بالله الظنونا} المختلفة بالنصر والبأس.
quran:33:11 –

There the believers were tested and shaken with a severe shaking.  

it was there that the believers were ˹sorely˺ tried, ˹there˺ they were tested, to distinguish the sincere individual from the one otherwise, and were shaken with a mighty shock, because of the severity of the terror.
القرآن:٣٣:١١ –

هُنَالِكَ ابْتُلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَزُلْزِلُوا زِلْزَالًا شَدِيدًا  

{هنالك ابتُليَ المؤمنون} اختبروا ليتبين المخلص من غيره {وزلزلوا} حركوا {زلزالا شديدا} من شدة الفزع.
quran:33:12 –

And ˹remember˺ when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is disease said, "Allah and His Messenger did not promise us except delusion,"  

And, mention, when the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is sickness, namely, weakness of conviction, were saying, ‘What God and His Messenger promised us, of assistance ˹to victory˺, was ˹nothing˺ but delusion’, falsehood.
القرآن:٣٣:١٢ –

وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا  

{و} اذكر {إذ يقول المنافقون والذين في قلوبهم مرض} ضعف اعتقاد {ما وعدنا الله ورسوله} بالنصر {إلا غرورا} باطلا.
quran:33:13 –

And when a faction of them said, "O people of Yathrib, there is no stability for you ˹here˺, so return ˹home˺." And a party of them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are unprotected," while they were not exposed. They did not intend except to flee.  

And when a party of them, namely, the hypocrites, said, ‘O people of Yathrib!, namely, the region of Medina (it ˹Yathriba˺ is a diptote because of its being a proper noun and because of the ˹morphological similarity it bears to a˺ verbal form) there is not a stand ˹possible˺ (read muqām or maqām) for you ˹here˺, in other words, no place to stay and no ˹strategic˺ position, so turn back, to your dwellings in Medina — they had set out with the Prophet (s) towards the foot of a mountain outside Medina for battle. And a group of them ˹even˺ sought the permission of the Prophet, to turn back, saying, ‘Our homes are exposed, unprotected and we fear for them’. God, exalted be He, says: although they were not exposed. They only sought to flee, from battle.
القرآن:٣٣:١٣ –

وَإِذْ قَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا ۚ وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمُ النَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ ۖ إِنْ يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا  

{وإذ قالت طائفة منهم} أي المنافقون {يا أهل يثرب} هي أرض المدينة ولم تصرف للعلمية ووزن الفعل {لا مقام لكم} بضم الميم وفتحها: أي لا إقامة ولا مكانة {فارجعوا} إلى منازلكم من المدينة وكانوا خرجوا مع النبي ﷺ إلى سلع جبل خارج المدينة للقتال {ويستأذن فريق منهم النبي} في الرجوع {يقولون إنَّ بيوتنا عورة} غير حصينة يخشى عليها، قال تعالى: {وما هي بعورة إن} ما {يريدون إلا فرارا} من القتال.
quran:33:14 –

And if they had been entered upon from all its ˹surrounding˺ regions and fitnah had been demanded of them, they would have done it and not hesitated over it except briefly.  

And had they been invaded in it, namely, Medina, from all sides and had they been exhorted, in other words, had the invaders exhorted them, to treachery, ˹a return to˺ idolatrous ways, they would have committed it (read la-ātawhā, or la-atawhā, meaning, ‘they would have offered it’, or ‘they would have committed it’ ˹respectively˺) and would have hesitated thereupon but a little.
القرآن:٣٣:١٤ –

وَلَوْ دُخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَقْطَارِهَا ثُمَّ سُئِلُوا الْفِتْنَةَ لَآتَوْهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُوا بِهَا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا  

{ولو دُخلت} أي المدينة {عليهم من أقطارها} نواحيها {ثم سُئِلوا} أي سألهم الداخلون {الفتنة} الشرك {لآتوها} بالمد والقصر أي أعطوها وفعلوها {وما تلبَّثوا بها إلا يسيراً}.
quran:33:15 –

And they had already promised Allah before not to turn their backs and flee. And ever is the promise to Allah ˹that about which one will be˺ questioned.  

Though they had assuredly pledged to God before that, that they would not turn their backs ˹to flee˺; and a pledge given to God must be answered for, regarding whether it was fulfilled ˹or not˺.
القرآن:٣٣:١٥ –

وَلَقَدْ كَانُوا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ مِنْ قَبْلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ الْأَدْبَارَ ۚ وَكَانَ عَهْدُ اللَّهِ مَسْئُولًا  

{ولقد كانوا عاهدوا الله من قبل لا يولون الأدبار وكان عهد الله مسؤولا} عن الوفاء به.
quran:33:16 –

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "Never will fleeing benefit you if you should flee from death or killing; and then ˹if you did˺, you would not be given enjoyment ˹of life˺ except for a little."  

Say: ‘Flight will not avail you should you flee from death or ˹from˺ being slain, and then, if you were to flee, you would not be extended comfort, in this world, after you have fled, except a little’, ˹except for˺ the remainder of your terms ˹of life˺. 1756381685
القرآن:٣٣:١٦ –

قُلْ لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْفِرَارُ إِنْ فَرَرْتُمْ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ أَوِ الْقَتْلِ وَإِذًا لَا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

{قل لن ينفعكم الفرار إن فررتم من الموت أو القتل وإذا} إن فررتم {لا تمتعون} في الدنيا بعد فراركم {إلا قليلا} بقية آجالكم.
quran:33:17 –

Say, "Who is it that can protect you from Allah if He intends for you an ill or intends for you a mercy?" And they will not find for themselves besides Allah any protector or any helper.  

Say: ‘Who is it that can protect you, grant you sanctuary, from God should He desire ˹to cause˺ you ill, ˹whether it be˺ destruction or defeat, or, ˹who is it that˺ can cause you ill, should He, God, desire for you mercy?’, good. And they shall not find for themselves besides God, in other words, other than God, any protector, to avail them, or helper, to ward off harm from them.
القرآن:٣٣:١٧ –

قُلْ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَعْصِمُكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ سُوءًا أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ رَحْمَةً ۚ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا  

{قل من ذا الذي يعصمكم} يجيركم {من الله إن أراد بكم سوءا} هلاكا وهزيمة {أو} يصيبكم بسوء إن {أراد} الله {بكم رحمة} خيرا {ولا يجدون لهم من دون الله} أي غيره {وليا} ينفعهم {ولا نصيرا} يدفع الضُرَّ عنهم.
quran:33:18 –

Already Allah knows the hinderers among you and those ˹hypocrites˺ who say to their brothers, "Come to us," and do not go to battle, except for a few,  

Indeed God already knows the hinderers among you and those who say to their brethren, ‘Come to us’, and they do not engage in the battle except a little, for show and for ˹the sake of their˺ reputation,
القرآن:٣٣:١٨ –

قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُعَوِّقِينَ مِنْكُمْ وَالْقَائِلِينَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمْ هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا ۖ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

{قد يعلم الله المعوقين} المثبطين {منكم والقائلين لإخوانهم هلمَّ} تعالوا {إلينا ولا يأتون البأس} القتال {إلا قليلا} رياء وسمعة.
quran:33:19 –

Indisposed toward you. And when fear comes, you see them looking at you, their eyes revolving like one being overcome by death. But when fear departs, they lash you with sharp tongues, indisposed toward ˹any˺ good. Those have not believed, so Allah has rendered their deeds worthless, and ever is that, for Allah, easy.  

grudging to you, in their help (ashihha, ‘grudging’, is the plural of shahīh, and is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject ˹of the verb˺ ya’tūna, ‘they engage’). And when there is a panic, you see them looking at you, their eyes rolling like one, that is, like the look of one, or the rolling of one, fainting at death, in other words, ˹one˺ in the throes thereof; but when the panic subsides, and the spoils have been secured, they scald you, they hurt you, or they smite you, with ˹their˺ sharp tongues, in their greed for the riches, in other words, for the spoils, which they demand ˹greedily˺. Those, they never believed, really. Therefore God has invalidated their works, and that, invalidation, is easy for God, by His will.
القرآن:٣٣:١٩ –

أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدُورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِي يُغْشَىٰ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ ۖ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُمْ بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَشِحَّةً عَلَى الْخَيْرِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا  

{أشحة عليكم} بالمعاونة، جمع شحيح وهو حال من ضمير يأتون {فإذا جاء الخوف رأيتهم ينظرون إليك تدور أعينهم كالذي} كنظر أو كدوران الذي {يغشى عليه من الموت} أي سكراته {فإذا ذهب الخوف} وحيزت الغنائم {سلقوكم} آذوكم أو ضربوكم {بألسنة حداد أشحة على الخير} أي الغنيمة يطلبونها {أولئك لم يؤمنوا} حقيقة {فأحبط الله أعمالهم وكان ذلك} الإحباط {على الله يسيرا} بإرادته.
quran:33:20 –

They think the companies have not ˹yet˺ withdrawn. And if the companies should come ˹again˺, they would wish they were in the desert among the bedouins, inquiring ˹from afar˺ about your news. And if they should be among you, they would not fight except for a little.  

They suppose that the confederates, of disbelievers, have not ˹yet˺ departed, to Mecca, because of their fear of them, and were the confederates to come, a second time, they would wish that they were in the desert with the Bedouins asking about your news, your encounters with the disbelievers. And if they were among you, this second time, they would fight but a little, for show and for fear of being reviled.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٠ –

يَحْسَبُونَ الْأَحْزَابَ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا ۖ وَإِنْ يَأْتِ الْأَحْزَابُ يَوَدُّوا لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ بَادُونَ فِي الْأَعْرَابِ يَسْأَلُونَ عَنْ أَنْبَائِكُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ كَانُوا فِيكُمْ مَا قَاتَلُوا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

{يحسبون الأحزاب} من الكفار {لم يذهبوا} إلى مكة لخوفهم منهم {وإن يأت الأحزاب} كرة أخرى {يودُّوا} يتمنوا {لو أنهم بادون في الأعراب} أي كائنون في البادية {يسألون عن أنبائكم} أخباركم مع الكفار {ولو كانوا فيكم} هذه الكرة {ما قاتلوا إلا قليلا} رياءً وخوفا من التعيير.
quran:33:21 –

There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and ˹who˺ remembers Allah often.  

Verily there is for you a good example (read iswa or uswa) in the Messenger of God, to emulate in combat and in holding one’s ground ˹therein˺, for whoever (li-man substitutes for lakum, ‘for you’) hopes for ˹the encounter with˺ God, fears Him, and the Last Day, and remembers God often, in contrast to those who do not.
القرآن:٣٣:٢١ –

لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا  

{لقد كان لكم في رسول الله أسوة} بكسر الهمزة وضمها {حسنة} اقتداء به في القتال والثبات في مواطنه {لمن} بدل من لكم {كان يرجو الله} يخافه {واليوم الآخر وذكر الله كثيرا} بخلاف من ليس كذلك.
quran:33:22 –

And when the believers saw the companies, they said, "This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us, and Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth." And it increased them only in faith and acceptance.  

And when the believers saw the confederates, of disbelievers, they said, ‘This is what God and His Messenger promised us, in the way of trial and ˹assistance to˺ victory, and God and His Messenger were truthful’, about the promise. And that only increased them in faith, in belief in God’s promise, and submission, to His command.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٢ –

وَلَمَّا رَأَى الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْأَحْزَابَ قَالُوا هَٰذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَصَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ وَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا إِيمَانًا وَتَسْلِيمًا  

{ولمَّا رأى المؤمنون الأحزاب} من الكفار {قالوا هذا ما وعدنا الله ورسوله} من الابتلاء والنصر {وصدق الله ورسوله} في الوعد {وما زادهم} ذلك {إلا إيمانا} تصديقا بوعد الله {وتسليما} لأمره.
quran:33:23 –

Among the believers are men true to what they promised Allah. Among them is he who has fulfilled his vow ˹to the death˺, and among them is he who awaits ˹his chance˺. And they did not alter ˹the terms of their commitment˺ by any alteration -  

Among the believers are men who are true to the covenant they made with God, in steadfastly remaining alongside the Prophet (s). Some of them have fulfilled their vow, having died or been killed ˹fighting˺ for God’s cause, and some are still awaiting, for this ˹fate˺, and they have not changed, ˹their commitment to˺ the covenant, in the least, and they stand in contrast to the situation with the hypocrites;
القرآن:٣٣:٢٣ –

مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَضَىٰ نَحْبَهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْتَظِرُ ۖ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِيلًا  

{من المؤمنين رجال صدقوا ما عاهدوا الله عليه} من الثبات مع النبي ﷺ {فمنهم من قضى نحبه} مات أو قتل في سبيل الله {ومنهم من ينتظر} ذلك {وما بدَّلوا تبديلا} في العهد، وهم بخلاف حال المنافقين.
quran:33:24 –

That Allah may reward the truthful for their truth and punish the hypocrites if He wills or accept their repentance. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.  

that God may reward the truthful for their truthfulness and chastise the hypocrites, if He will, by causing them to die in ˹a state of˺ hypocrisy, or relent to them. Surely God is Forgiving, to he who repents, Merciful, to him.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٤ –

لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ الصَّادِقِينَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ وَيُعَذِّبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

ليجزيَ الله الصادقين بصدقهم ويعذب المنافقين إن شاء} بأن يميتهم على نفاقهم {أو يتوب عليهم إن الله كان غفورا} لمن تاب {رحيما} به.
quran:33:25 –

And Allah repelled those who disbelieved, in their rage, not having obtained any good. And sufficient was Allah for the believers in battle, and ever is Allah Powerful and Exalted in Might.  

And God repulsed those who were disbelievers, namely, the confederates, in their rage, without their attaining any good, ˹without achieving˺ their desire in any way to triumph over the believers. And God spared the believers from fighting, by ˹unleashing˺ the wind and the angels. And truly God is Strong, in bringing about what He wants, Mighty, prevailing with His way.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٥ –

وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْرًا ۚ وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا  

{وردَّ الله الذين كفروا} أي الأحزاب {بغيظهم لم ينالوا خيرا} مرادهم من الظفر بالمؤمنين {وكفى الله المؤمنين القتال} بالريح والملائكة {وكان الله قويا} على إيجاد ما يريده {عزيزا} غالبا على أمره.
quran:33:26 –

And He brought down those who supported them among the People of the Scripture from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts ˹so that˺ a party you killed, and you took captive a party.  

And He brought down those of the People of the Scripture, namely, the ˹Banū˺ Qurayza, who had supported them from their strongholds (sayāsī is the plural of sīsa, and is that in which one fortifies himself ˹against an enemy˺) and He cast terror into their hearts, ˹so that˺ some, of them, you slew, and these were the combatants, and some, of them, you took captive, namely, their children.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٦ –

وَأَنْزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا  

{وأنزل الذين ظاهروهم من أهل الكتاب} أي قريظة {من صياصيهم} حصونهم جمع صيصة وهو ما يتحصن به {وقذف في قلوبهم الرعب} الخوف {فريقا تقتلون} منهم وهم المقاتلة {وتأسرون فريقا} منهم أي الذراري.
quran:33:27 –

And He caused you to inherit their land and their homes and their properties and a land which you have not trodden. And ever is Allah, over all things, competent.  

And He made you inherit their land and their homes and their possessions, and a land you had not trodden, thitherto, and this was ˹the territory of˺ Khaybar, which was captured after ˹that of˺ Qurayza. And God has power over all things.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٧ –

وَأَوْرَثَكُمْ أَرْضَهُمْ وَدِيَارَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَرْضًا لَمْ تَطَئُوهَا ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرًا  

{وأورثكم أرضهم وديارهم وأموالهم وأرضا لم تطؤوها} بعد وهي خيبر أخذت بعد قريظة {وكان الله على كل شيءٍ قديرا}.
quran:33:28 –

O Prophet, say to your wives, "If you should desire the worldly life and its adornment, then come, I will provide for you and give you a gracious release.  

O Prophet! Say to your wives: — who were nine, and they had asked him for some of the adornments of this world, which he did not possess — ‘If you desire the life of this world and its adornment, come ˹now˺, I will provide for you, in other words, the compensation ˹to be provided˺ for divorce, and release you in a gracious manner, I will divorce you and will not coerce ˹you to stay˺.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٨ –

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا  

{يا أيها النبي قل لأزواجك} وهن تسع وطلبن منه من زينة الدنيا ما ليس عنده {إن كنتنَّ تردن الحياة الدنيا وزينتها فتعالين أمتعكن} أي متعة الطلاق {وأسرحكن سراحا جميلا} أطلقكنَّ من غير ضرار.
quran:33:29 –

But if you should desire Allah and His Messenger and the home of the Hereafter - then indeed, Allah has prepared for the doers of good among you a great reward."  

But if you desire God and His Messenger and the Abode of the Hereafter, namely, Paradise, then God has indeed prepared for the virtuous among you, ˹virtuous for˺ desiring the Hereafter, a great reward’, namely, Paradise: so choose the Hereafter over ˹the life of˺ this world.
القرآن:٣٣:٢٩ –

وَإِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا  

{وإن كنتنَّ تردن الله ورسوله والدار الآخرة} أي الجنة {فإن الله أعد للمحسنات منكن} بإرادة الآخرة {أجرا عظيما} أي الجنة: فاخترن الآخرة على الدنيا.
quran:33:30 –

O wives of the Prophet, whoever of you should commit a clear immorality - for her the punishment would be doubled two fold, and ever is that, for Allah, easy.  

O wives of the Prophet! Whoever of you commits manifest indecency (read mubayyana, or mubayyina, meaning ˹respectively˺, ‘it has become evident’, meaning, ‘one that is evident’) the chastisement shall be doubled (yudā‘af: a variant reading has ˹2nd form˺ yuda‘‘af, and still another has nuda‘‘if, ‘We shall double’, in which case ˹read˺ al-‘adhāba, as accusative) for her, in other words, twice the chastisement for other women; and that is easy for God.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٠ –

يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ مَنْ يَأْتِ مِنْكُنَّ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا الْعَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا  

{يا نساء النبي من يأت منكن بفاحشةٍ مبيَنةٍ} بفتح الياء وكسرها، أي بينت أو هي بينة {يضاعف} وفي قراءة يضعف بالتشديد وفي أخرى نضعف بالنون معه ونصب العذاب {لها العذاب ضعفين} ضعفي عذاب غيرهن، أي مثليه {وكان ذلك على الله يسيرا}.
quran:33:31 –

And whoever of you devoutly obeys Allah and His Messenger and does righteousness - We will give her her reward twice; and We have prepared for her a noble provision.  

But whoever of you is obedient to God and His Messenger, and acts righteously, We shall give her a twofold reward, in other words, twice the reward for other women (variant readings ˹for ta‘mal and nu’tihā˺ are ˹impersonal˺ ya‘mal, ‘˹whoever˺ acts’, and yu’tihā, ‘He will give her’). And We have prepared a noble provision for her, in Paradise, in addition ˹to the twofold reward˺.
القرآن:٣٣:٣١ –

وَمَنْ يَقْنُتْ مِنْكُنَّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَتَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا نُؤْتِهَا أَجْرَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهَا رِزْقًا كَرِيمًا  

{ومن يقنت} يطع {منكن الله ورسوله وتعمل صالحا نؤتها أجرها مرتين} أي مثلي ثواب غيرهن من النساء، وفي قراءة بالتحتانية في تعمل ونؤتها {وأعتدنا لها رزقا كريما} في الجنة زيادة.
quran:33:32 –

O wives of the Prophet, you are not like anyone among women. If you fear Allah, then do not be soft in speech ˹to men˺, lest he in whose heart is disease should covet, but speak with appropriate speech.  

O wives of the Prophet! You are not like any other, group of, women. If you fear, God, for you are more exalted ˹in status˺, then do not be complaisant in your speech, with men, lest he in whose heart is a sickness, hypocrisy, aspire ˹to you˺, but speak honourable words, without any complaisance.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٢ –

يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ۚ إِنِ اتَّقَيْتُنَّ فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَيَطْمَعَ الَّذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ وَقُلْنَ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا  

{يا نساء النبي لستنَّ كأحد} كجماعة {من النساء إن اتقيتن} الله فإنكن أعظم {فلا تخضعن بالقول} للرجال {فيطمع الذي في قلبه مرض} نفاق {وقلن قولا معروفا} من غير خضوع.
quran:33:33 –

And abide in your houses and do not display yourselves as ˹was˺ the display of the former times of ignorance. And establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah intends only to remove from you the impurity ˹of sin˺, O people of the ˹Prophet's˺ household, and to purify you with ˹extensive˺ purification.  

And stay in your houses (read qirna or qarna, derived from al-qarār, and is actually, aqrirna or aqrarna from qarirtu or qarartu: the vowelling of the rā’ is moved to the qāf and ˹the rā’˺ is omitted together with the conjunctive hamza) and do not flaunt your finery (tabarrajna, with one of the two original tā’ ˹of tatabarrajna˺ letters omitted) in the ˹flaunting˺ manner of the former Time of Ignorance, in other words, before Islam, when they used to display their beauty to men — ˹the stipulation regarding˺ such ‘displays’ after ˹the coming of˺ Islam is mentioned in the verse: and not to display their adornment except what is apparent ˹Q. 24:31˺. And maintain prayer and pay the alms, and obey God and His Messenger. Indeed God will but to rid you of sin, O, People of the House, in other words, ˹O˺ women of the Prophet (s), and to purify you, of it, with a thorough purification.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٣ –

وَقَرْنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَىٰ ۖ وَأَقِمْنَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتِينَ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِعْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا  

(وقرن) بكسر القاف وفتحها (في بيوتكن) من القرار وأصله: اقررن بكسر الراء وفتحها من قررت بفتح الراء وكسرها نقلت حركة الراء إلى القاف وحذفت مع همزة الوصل (ولا تبرجن) بترك إحدى التاءين من أصله (تبرج الجاهلية الأولى) أي ما قبل الإسلام من إظهار النساء محاسنهن للرجال والإظهار بعد الإسلام مذكور في آية "ولا يبدين زينتهن إلا ما ظهر منها" (وأقمن الصلاة وآتين الزكاة وأطعن الله ورسوله إنما يريد الله ليذهب عنكم الرجس) الإثم يا (أهل البيت) أي نساء النبي ﷺ (ويطهركم) منه (تطهيرا).
quran:33:34 –

And remember what is recited in your houses of the verses of Allah and wisdom. Indeed, Allah is ever Subtle and Acquainted ˹with all things˺.  

And remember that which is recited in your houses of the revelations of God, ˹of˺ the Qur’ān, and wisdom, the Sunna. Truly God is Kind, to His friends, Aware, of all His creatures.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٤ –

وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَىٰ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ لَطِيفًا خَبِيرًا  

{واذكرن ما يتلى في بيوتكن من آيات الله} القرآن {والحكمة} السنة {إن الله كان لطيفا} بأوليائه {خبيرا} بجميع خلقه.
quran:33:35 –

Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their private parts and the women who do so, and the men who remember Allah often and the women who do so - for them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward.  

Indeed the men who have submitted ˹to God˺ and the women who have submitted ˹to God˺, and the believing men and the believing women, and the obedient men and the obedient women, and the men who are truthful and the women who are truthful, in their faith, and the patient men and the patient women, ˹steadfast˺ in ˹performing˺ acts of obedience, and the humble men and the humble women, and the charitable men and the charitable women, and the men who fast and the women who fast, and the men who guard their private parts and the women who guard their private parts, from what is unlawful, and the men who remember God often and the women who remember God often — for them God has prepared forgiveness, of ˹their˺ acts of disobedience, and a great reward, for their acts of obedience.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٥ –

إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْقَانِتِينَ وَالْقَانِتَاتِ وَالصَّادِقِينَ وَالصَّادِقَاتِ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَالصَّابِرَاتِ وَالْخَاشِعِينَ وَالْخَاشِعَاتِ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقَاتِ وَالصَّائِمِينَ وَالصَّائِمَاتِ وَالْحَافِظِينَ فُرُوجَهُمْ وَالْحَافِظَاتِ وَالذَّاكِرِينَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَالذَّاكِرَاتِ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِيمًا  

{إن المسلمين والمسلمات والمؤمنين والمؤمنات والقانتين والقانتات} المطيعات {والصادقين والصادقات} في الإيمان {والصابرين والصابرات} على الطاعات {والخاشعين} المتواضعين {والخاشعات والمتصدقين والمتصدقات والصائمين والصائمات والحافظين فروجهم والحافظات} عن الحرام {والذاكرين الله كثيرا والذاكرات أعد الله لهم مغفرة} للمعاصي {وأجرا عظيما} على الطاعات.
quran:33:36 –

It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, that they should ˹thereafter˺ have any choice about their affair. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly strayed into clear error.  

And it is not ˹fitting˺ for any believing man or believing woman, when God and His Messenger have decided on a matter, to have (read takūna or yakūna) a choice in their matter, in contravention of the decision of God and His Messenger. This ˹verse˺ was revealed regarding ‘Abd Allāh b. Jahsh and his sister Zaynab, whose hand the Prophet had asked for in marriage, but meaning on behalf of Zayd b. Hāritha. They were loathe to this ˹proposal˺ when they found out ˹that it was on the latter’s behalf˺, for they had thought that the Prophet (s) wanted to marry her himself. But afterwards they consented because of the ˹following part of the˺ verse: And whoever disobeys God and His Messenger has certainly strayed into manifest error. Thus the Prophet (s) gave her in marriage to Zayd. Then on one occasion he ˹the Prophet˺ caught sight of her and felt love for her, whereafter ˹when he realised that˺ Zayd lost his affection for her and so said to the Prophet (s), ‘I want to part with her’. But the Prophet said to him, ‘Retain your wife for yourself’, as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٣٣:٣٦ –

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ ۗ وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا مُبِينًا  

(وما كان لمؤمن ولا مؤمنة إذا قضي الله ورسوله أمرا أن تكون) بالتاء والياء (لهم الخيرة) أي الاختيار (من أمرهم) خلاف أمر الله ورسوله، نزلت في عبد الله بن جحش وأخته زينب خطبها النبي لزيد بن حارثة فكرها ذلك حين علما لظنهما قبل أن النبي ﷺ خطبها لنفسه ثم رضيا للآية (ومن يعص الله ورسوله فقد ضل ضلالا مبينا) بينا فزوجها النبي ﷺ لزيد ثم وقع بصره عليها بعد حين فوقع في نفسه حبها وفي نفس زيد كراهتها، ثم قال للنبي ﷺ أريد فراقها فقال: "أمسك عليك زوجك" كما قال تعالى:
quran:33:37 –

And ˹remember, O Muhammad˺, when you said to the one on whom Allah bestowed favor and you bestowed favor, "Keep your wife and fear Allah," while you concealed within yourself that which Allah is to disclose. And you feared the people, while Allah has more right that you fear Him. So when Zayd had no longer any need for her, We married her to you in order that there not be upon the believers any discomfort concerning the wives of their adopted sons when they no longer have need of them. And ever is the command of Allah accomplished.  

And when (idh is dependent because of ˹an implied preceding˺ udhkur, ‘mention ˹when˺’) you said to him to whom God had shown favour, by ˹guiding him to˺ Islam, and to whom you ˹too˺ had shown favour: by manumitting him — this was Zayd b. Hāritha, who had been a prisoner of war before ˹the coming of˺ Islam (in the period of al-jāhiliyya). The Messenger of God (s) purchased him before his call to prophethood, and then manumitted him and adopted him as his son — ‘Retain your wife for yourself and fear God’, before divorcing her. But you had hidden in your heart what God was to disclose, ˹what˺ He was to manifest of your love for her and of ˹the fact˺ that should Zayd part with her you would marry her, and you feared people, would say, ‘He has married his son’s wife!’, though God is worthier that you should fear Him, in all things, so take her in marriage and do not be concerned with what people say. Zayd subsequently divorced her and her ˹obligatory˺ waiting period was completed. God, exalted be He, says: So when Zayd had fulfilled whatever need he had of her, We joined her in marriage to you — the Prophet consummated his marriage with her without ˹the customary˺ permission ˹from her legal guardian˺ and gratified the Muslims with ˹a feast of˺ bread and meat — so that there may not be any restriction for the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have fulfilled whatever wish they have of them. And God’s commandment, that which He has decreed, is bound to be realised.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٧ –

وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ ۖ فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا  

{وإذ} منصوب باذكر {تقول للذي أنعم الله عليه} بالإسلام {وأَنعمت عليه} بالإعتاق وهو زيد بن حارثة كان من سبي الجاهلية اشتراه رسول الله ﷺ قبل البعثة وأعتقه وتبناه {أمسك عليك زوجك واتق الله} في أمر طلاقها {وتخفي في نفسك ما الله مبديه} مظهره من محبتها وأن لو فارقها زيد تزوجتها {وتخشى الناس} أن يقولوا تزوج زوجة ابنه {والله أحق أن تخشاه} في كل شيء وتزوجها ولا عليك من قول الناس، ثم طلقها زيد وانقضت عدتها قال تعالى: {فلما قضى زيد منها وطرا} حاجة {زوجناكها} فدخل عليها النبي ﷺ بغير إذن وأشبع المسلمين خبزا ولحما {لكي لا يكون على المؤمنين حرج في أزواج أدعيائهم إذا قضوْا منهن وطرا وكان أمر الله} مقضيه {مفعولا}.
quran:33:38 –

There is not to be upon the Prophet any discomfort concerning that which Allah has imposed upon him. ˹This is˺ the established way of Allah with those ˹prophets˺ who have passed on before. And ever is the command of Allah a destiny decreed.  

There is no restriction for the Prophet in what God has ordained, ˹in what˺ He has made lawful, for him: ˹that is˺ God’s precedent (sunnata’Llāhi is in the accusative because the operator of the oblique has been removed ˹from the oblique construction ka-sunnati’Llāhi, ‘as is God’s precedent’) with those who passed away before, of prophets, which is that there is no restriction for them in this respect, a ˹special˺ dispensation for them regarding marriage — and God’s commandment, what He does, is inexorable destiny
القرآن:٣٣:٣٨ –

مَا كَانَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ۖ سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا  

{ما كان على النبي من حرج فيما فرض} أحل {الله له سنة الله} أي كسنة الله فنصب بنزع الخافض {في الذين خلوْا من قبل} من الأنبياء أن لا حرج عليهم في ذلك توسعة لهم في النكاح {وكان أمر الله} فعله {قدرا مقدورا} مقضيا.
quran:33:39 –

˹Allah praises˺ those who convey the messages of Allah and fear Him and do not fear anyone but Allah. And sufficient is Allah as Accountant.  

— ˹those˺ who (alladhīna qualifies the previous alladhīna) deliver the Messages of God and fear Him, and fear no one except Him, and therefore they do not fear what people ˹might˺ say about that which God has made lawful for them. And God suffices as Reckoner, as keeper of the deeds of His creatures and ˹as One˺ to reckon with them.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٩ –

الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلَا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا  

{الذين} نعت للذين قبله {يبلغون رسالات الله ويخشونه ولا يخشون أحدا إلا الله} فلا يخشون مقالة الناس فيما أحل الله لهم {وكفى بالله حسيبا} حافظا لأعمال خلقه ومحاسبهم.
quran:33:40 –

Muhammad is not the father of ˹any˺ one of your men, but ˹he is˺ the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah, of all things, Knowing.  

Muhammad is not the father of any man among you: he is not Zayd’s biological father and so it is not unlawful for him to marry his ˹former˺ wife Zaynab ˹after him˺; but, he is, the Messenger of God and the Seal of the Prophets, and so he will not have a son that is a ˹fully grown˺ man to be a prophet after him (a variant reading ˹for khātim al-nabiyyīna˺ has khātam al-nabiyyīn, as in the instrument ˹known as a˺ ‘seal’, in other words, their ˹prophethood˺ has been sealed by him). And God has knowledge of all things, among these is the fact that there will be no prophet after him, and even when the lord Jesus descends ˹at the end of days˺ he will rule according to his ˹Muhammad’s˺ Law.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٠ –

مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا  

{ما كان محمد أبا أحد من رجالكم} فليس أبا زيد: أي والده فلا يحرم عليه التزوج بزوجته زينب {ولكن} كان {رسول الله وخاتِم النبيين} فلا يكون له ابن رجل بعده يكون نبيا، وفي قراءة بفتح التاء كآلة الختم: أي به ختموا {وكان الله بكل شيءٍ عليما} منه بأن لا نبيّ بعده وإذا نزل السيد عيسى يحكم بشريعته.
quran:33:41 –

O you who have believed, remember Allah with much remembrance  

O you who believe! Remember God with much remembrance.
القرآن:٣٣:٤١ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا اذكروا الله ذكرا كثيرا}.
quran:33:42 –

And exalt Him morning and afternoon.  

And glorify Him morning and evening, in other words, at the beginning of the day and at the end of it.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٢ –

وَسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا  

{وسبحوه بكرةً وأصيلا} أول النهار وآخره.
quran:33:43 –

It is He who confers blessing upon you, and His angels ˹ask Him to do so˺ that He may bring you out from darknesses into the light. And ever is He, to the believers, Merciful.  

It is He Who blesses you, that is to say, Who shows mercy to you, and His angels, ask forgiveness for you, that He may bring you forth, that He may always bring you forth, from darkness, namely, ˹from˺ disbelief, into light, namely, faith. And He is Merciful to the believers.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٣ –

هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ لِيُخْرِجَكُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ ۚ وَكَانَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَحِيمًا  

{هو الذي يصلي عليكم} أي يرحمكم {وملائكته} يستغفرون لكم {ليخرجكم} ليديم إخراجه إياكم {من الظلمات} أي الكفر {إلى النور} أي الإيمان {وكان بالمؤمنين رحيما}.
quran:33:44 –

Their greeting the Day they meet Him will be, "Peace." And He has prepared for them a noble reward.  

Their greeting, from Him, exalted be He, on the day they encounter Him will be ‘Peace’, ˹extended to them˺ by the tongues of the angels. And He has prepared for them a noble reward, namely, Paradise.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٤ –

تَحِيَّتُهُمْ يَوْمَ يَلْقَوْنَهُ سَلَامٌ ۚ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَرِيمًا  

{تحيتهم} منه تعالى {يوم يلقوْنه سلام} بلسان الملائكة {وأعد لهم أجرا كريما} هو الجنة.
quran:33:45 –

O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner.  

O Prophet! Indeed We have sent you as a witness, against those to whom you have were sent, and as a bearer of good tidings, for those who affirm your sincerity, of Paradise, and as a warner, for those who deny you, of the ˹punishment of the˺ Fire,
القرآن:٣٣:٤٥ –

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا  

{يا أيها النبي إنا أرسلناك شاهدا} على من أرسلت إليهم {ومبشرا} من صدقك بالجنة {ونذيرا} منذرا من كذبك بالنار.
quran:33:46 –

And one who invites to Allah, by His permission, and an illuminating lamp.  

and as a summoner to God, to obedience to Him, by His leave, by His command, and as a illuminating lamp, in other words, the equivalent of it, in terms of one’s being able to find guidance therewith.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٦ –

وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا  

{وداعيا إلى الله} إلى طاعته {بإذنه} بأمره {وسراجا منيرا} أي مثله في الاهتداء به.
quran:33:47 –

And give good tidings to the believers that they will have from Allah great bounty.  

And give good tidings to the believers that there will be for them a great bounty from God, namely, Paradise.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٧ –

وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَضْلًا كَبِيرًا  

{وبشّر المؤمنين بأن لهم من الله فضلا كبيرا} هو الجنة.
quran:33:48 –

And do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites but do not harm them, and rely upon Allah. And sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs.  

And do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites, in ˹assenting to do˺ what contravenes your Law; and disregard, leave aside, their injuriousness — do not retaliate against them for it until you receive a command ˹from God˺ regarding ˹how to deal with˺ them. And put your trust in God, for He will suffice you, and God suffices as Guardian, One to Whom matters are entrusted.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٨ –

وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَدَعْ أَذَاهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا  

{ولا تطع الكافرين والمنافقين} فيما يخالف شريعتك {ودع} اترك {أذاهم} لا تجازهم عليه إلى أن تؤمر فيهم بأمر {وتوكل على الله} فهو كافيك {وكفى بالله وكيلا} مفوضا إليه.
quran:33:49 –

O You who have believed, when you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them, then there is not for you any waiting period to count concerning them. So provide for them and give them a gracious release.  

O you who believe if you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them (read tamassūhunna or tumāsūhunna) that is, before you have copulated with them, there shall be no ˹waiting˺ period for you to reckon against them, ˹no˺ waiting period ˹needed to preclude pregnancy˺ or otherwise. But provide for them, give them what they can use for ˹securing˺ comforts, in cases where no dowry has been fixed for them; otherwise theirs is to retain half of what was fixed, but no more — this is what Ibn ‘Abbās said and it is ˹the opinion˺ followed by al-Shāfi‘ī’; and release them in a gracious manner, leave them be without ˹the intention to cause them any˺ harm.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٩ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا ۖ فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا نكحتم المؤمنات ثم طلقتموهن من قبل أن تمسوهن} وفي قراءة تماسوهنَّ، أي تجامعوهنَّ {فما لكم عليهن من عدة تعتدونها} تحصونها بالأقراء وغيرها {فمتعوهن} أعطوهن ما يستمتعن به، أي إن لم يسم لهن أصدقة وإلا فلهن نصف المسمى فقط، قاله ابن عباس وعليه الشافعي {وسرّحوهن سراحا جميلا} خلوا سبيلهن من غير إضرار.
quran:33:50 –

O Prophet, indeed We have made lawful to you your wives to whom you have given their due compensation and those your right hand possesses from what Allah has returned to you ˹of captives˺ and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who emigrated with you and a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet ˹and˺ if the Prophet wishes to marry her, ˹this is˺ only for you, excluding the ˹other˺ believers. We certainly know what We have made obligatory upon them concerning their wives and those their right hands possess, ˹but this is for you˺ in order that there will be upon you no discomfort. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.  

O Prophet! Indeed We have made lawful for you your wives whom you have given their dowries and what your right hand owns, of those whom God has given you as spoils of war, from the disbelievers, ˹whom you have˺ taken captive, such as Safiyya and Juwayriyya, and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts, and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who emigrated with you, as opposed to those who did not emigrate, and any believing woman if she gift herself ˹in marriage˺ to the Prophet and if the Prophet desire to take her in marriage, and ask for her hand in marriage without paying ˹her˺ a dowry — a privilege for you exclusively, not for the ˹rest of the˺ believers (nikāh, ‘marriage’, when expressed by the term hiba, ‘gift’, denotes ˹marriage˺ without dowry). Indeed We know what We have imposed upon them, namely, the believers, with respect to their wives, in the way of rulings, to the effect that they should not take more than four wives and should only marry with ˹the consent of˺ a legal guardian, ˹the presence of˺ witnesses and ˹the payment of˺ a dowry, and, with respect to, what their right hands own, of slavegirls, in the way of purchase or otherwise, so that the handmaiden be one lawful for her master, such as a slavegirl belonging to the People of the Scripture (kitābiyya), and not a Magian or an idolater, and that she should be ascertained ˹as not carrying child˺ with the necessary waiting period (istibrā’) before copulation; so that (li-kaylā is semantically connected to what came before ˹this last statement˺) there may be no ˹unnecessary˺ restriction for you, ˹no˺ constraint in marriage ˹for you˺. And God is Forgiving, of what is difficult to guard against, Merciful, in giving dispensations ˹allowing for latitude˺ in this respect.
القرآن:٣٣:٥٠ –

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللَّاتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالَاتِكَ اللَّاتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۗ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ لِكَيْلَا يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَجٌ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

يا أيها النبي إنا أحللنا لك أزواجك اللاتي آتيت أجورهن} مهورهن {وما ملكت يمينك مما أفاء الله عليك} من الكفار بالسبي كصفية وجويرية {وبنات عمك وبنات عماتك وبنات خالك وبنات خالاتك اللاتي هاجرن معك} بخلاف من لم يهاجرن {وامرأةً مؤمنة إن وهبت نفسها للنبي إن أراد النبي أن يستنكحها} يطلب نكاحها بغير صداق {خالصة لك من دون المؤمنين} النكاح بلفظ الهبة من غير صداق {قد علمنا ما فرضنا عليهم} أي المؤمنين {في أزواجهم} من الأحكام بأن لا يزيدوا على أربع نسوة ولا يتزوجوا إلا بوليٍّ وشهود ومهر {و} في {ما ملكت أيمانهم} من الإماء بشراء وغيره بأن تكون الأمة ممن تحل لمالكها كالكتابية بخلاف المجوسية والوثنية وأن تستبرأ قبل الوطء {لكيلا} متعلق بما قبل ذلك {يكون عليك حرج} ضيق في النكاح {وكان الله غفورا} فيما يَعسر التحرز عنه {رحيما} بالتوسعة في ذلك.