33. Sūrat al-Aḥzāb

٣٣۔ سُورَةُ الأحزَاب

Qurʾān > Chapter 33 > Section 12
القرآن > كتاب ٣٣ > باب ١٢

33.12 God commanded the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to marry the divorced wife of his adopted son Zayd. Muhammad (pbuh) is not the father of any of your men but a Messenger and Seal of the prophethood.

٣٣۔١٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأحزَاب

quran:33:37 –

And ˹remember, O Muhammad˺, when you said to the one on whom Allah bestowed favor and you bestowed favor, "Keep your wife and fear Allah," while you concealed within yourself that which Allah is to disclose. And you feared the people, while Allah has more right that you fear Him. So when Zayd had no longer any need for her, We married her to you in order that there not be upon the believers any discomfort concerning the wives of their adopted sons when they no longer have need of them. And ever is the command of Allah accomplished.  

And when (idh is dependent because of ˹an implied preceding˺ udhkur, ‘mention ˹when˺’) you said to him to whom God had shown favour, by ˹guiding him to˺ Islam, and to whom you ˹too˺ had shown favour: by manumitting him — this was Zayd b. Hāritha, who had been a prisoner of war before ˹the coming of˺ Islam (in the period of al-jāhiliyya). The Messenger of God (s) purchased him before his call to prophethood, and then manumitted him and adopted him as his son — ‘Retain your wife for yourself and fear God’, before divorcing her. But you had hidden in your heart what God was to disclose, ˹what˺ He was to manifest of your love for her and of ˹the fact˺ that should Zayd part with her you would marry her, and you feared people, would say, ‘He has married his son’s wife!’, though God is worthier that you should fear Him, in all things, so take her in marriage and do not be concerned with what people say. Zayd subsequently divorced her and her ˹obligatory˺ waiting period was completed. God, exalted be He, says: So when Zayd had fulfilled whatever need he had of her, We joined her in marriage to you — the Prophet consummated his marriage with her without ˹the customary˺ permission ˹from her legal guardian˺ and gratified the Muslims with ˹a feast of˺ bread and meat — so that there may not be any restriction for the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have fulfilled whatever wish they have of them. And God’s commandment, that which He has decreed, is bound to be realised.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٧ –

وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ ۖ فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا  

{وإذ} منصوب باذكر {تقول للذي أنعم الله عليه} بالإسلام {وأَنعمت عليه} بالإعتاق وهو زيد بن حارثة كان من سبي الجاهلية اشتراه رسول الله ﷺ قبل البعثة وأعتقه وتبناه {أمسك عليك زوجك واتق الله} في أمر طلاقها {وتخفي في نفسك ما الله مبديه} مظهره من محبتها وأن لو فارقها زيد تزوجتها {وتخشى الناس} أن يقولوا تزوج زوجة ابنه {والله أحق أن تخشاه} في كل شيء وتزوجها ولا عليك من قول الناس، ثم طلقها زيد وانقضت عدتها قال تعالى: {فلما قضى زيد منها وطرا} حاجة {زوجناكها} فدخل عليها النبي ﷺ بغير إذن وأشبع المسلمين خبزا ولحما {لكي لا يكون على المؤمنين حرج في أزواج أدعيائهم إذا قضوْا منهن وطرا وكان أمر الله} مقضيه {مفعولا}.
quran:33:38 –

There is not to be upon the Prophet any discomfort concerning that which Allah has imposed upon him. ˹This is˺ the established way of Allah with those ˹prophets˺ who have passed on before. And ever is the command of Allah a destiny decreed.  

There is no restriction for the Prophet in what God has ordained, ˹in what˺ He has made lawful, for him: ˹that is˺ God’s precedent (sunnata’Llāhi is in the accusative because the operator of the oblique has been removed ˹from the oblique construction ka-sunnati’Llāhi, ‘as is God’s precedent’) with those who passed away before, of prophets, which is that there is no restriction for them in this respect, a ˹special˺ dispensation for them regarding marriage — and God’s commandment, what He does, is inexorable destiny
القرآن:٣٣:٣٨ –

مَا كَانَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ۖ سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا  

{ما كان على النبي من حرج فيما فرض} أحل {الله له سنة الله} أي كسنة الله فنصب بنزع الخافض {في الذين خلوْا من قبل} من الأنبياء أن لا حرج عليهم في ذلك توسعة لهم في النكاح {وكان أمر الله} فعله {قدرا مقدورا} مقضيا.
quran:33:39 –

˹Allah praises˺ those who convey the messages of Allah and fear Him and do not fear anyone but Allah. And sufficient is Allah as Accountant.  

— ˹those˺ who (alladhīna qualifies the previous alladhīna) deliver the Messages of God and fear Him, and fear no one except Him, and therefore they do not fear what people ˹might˺ say about that which God has made lawful for them. And God suffices as Reckoner, as keeper of the deeds of His creatures and ˹as One˺ to reckon with them.
القرآن:٣٣:٣٩ –

الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلَا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا  

{الذين} نعت للذين قبله {يبلغون رسالات الله ويخشونه ولا يخشون أحدا إلا الله} فلا يخشون مقالة الناس فيما أحل الله لهم {وكفى بالله حسيبا} حافظا لأعمال خلقه ومحاسبهم.
quran:33:40 –

Muhammad is not the father of ˹any˺ one of your men, but ˹he is˺ the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah, of all things, Knowing.  

Muhammad is not the father of any man among you: he is not Zayd’s biological father and so it is not unlawful for him to marry his ˹former˺ wife Zaynab ˹after him˺; but, he is, the Messenger of God and the Seal of the Prophets, and so he will not have a son that is a ˹fully grown˺ man to be a prophet after him (a variant reading ˹for khātim al-nabiyyīna˺ has khātam al-nabiyyīn, as in the instrument ˹known as a˺ ‘seal’, in other words, their ˹prophethood˺ has been sealed by him). And God has knowledge of all things, among these is the fact that there will be no prophet after him, and even when the lord Jesus descends ˹at the end of days˺ he will rule according to his ˹Muhammad’s˺ Law.
القرآن:٣٣:٤٠ –

مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا  

{ما كان محمد أبا أحد من رجالكم} فليس أبا زيد: أي والده فلا يحرم عليه التزوج بزوجته زينب {ولكن} كان {رسول الله وخاتِم النبيين} فلا يكون له ابن رجل بعده يكون نبيا، وفي قراءة بفتح التاء كآلة الختم: أي به ختموا {وكان الله بكل شيءٍ عليما} منه بأن لا نبيّ بعده وإذا نزل السيد عيسى يحكم بشريعته.