28. Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ (1/2)

٢٨۔ سُورَةُ القَصَص ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 28
القرآن > كتاب ٢٨

The Stories (Meccan)

quran:28:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Ta, Seen, Meem.  

Tā sīn mīm: God knows best what He means by these ˹letters˺.
القرآن:٢٨:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

طسم  

{طسم} الله أعلم بمراده بذلك.
quran:28:2 –

These are the verses of the clear Book.  

Those, namely, these signs, are the signs of the Manifest Book (the genitive annexation conveys the ˹partitive˺ sense of min, ‘of’ ˹‘verses from the Manifest Book’˺), ˹the Manifest Book˺ which reveals truth from falsehood.
القرآن:٢٨:٢ –

تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ  

{تلك} أي هذه الآيات {آيات الكتاب} الإضافة بمعنى من {المبين} المظهر الحق من الباطل.
quran:28:3 –

We recite to you from the news of Moses and Pharaoh in truth for a people who believe.  

We will recount, narrate, to you ˹something˺ of the tale of Moses and Pharaoh truthfully, for a people who believe, for their sake, since they are the ones to benefit from such ˹an account˺.
القرآن:٢٨:٣ –

نَتْلُو عَلَيْكَ مِنْ نَبَإِ مُوسَىٰ وَفِرْعَوْنَ بِالْحَقِّ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ  

{نتلُوا} نقص {عليك من نبإِ} خبر {موسى وفرعون بالحق} الصدق {لقوم يؤمنون} لأجلهم لأنهم المنتفعون به.
quran:28:4 –

Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a sector among them, slaughtering their ˹newborn˺ sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters.  

Truly Pharaoh had exalted himself in the land, the land of Egypt, and reduced its people into sects, groups, to serve him, oppressing a group of them, namely, the Children of Israel, slaughtering their sons, the newborn, and sparing their women, keeping them alive — for some of the ˹Egyptian˺ priests had told him, ‘A new-born of the Children of Israel shall bring about the end of your kingdom’. Indeed he was of those who cause corruption, through ˹the use of˺ slaughter and otherwise.
القرآن:٢٨:٤ –

إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَجَعَلَ أَهْلَهَا شِيَعًا يَسْتَضْعِفُ طَائِفَةً مِنْهُمْ يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيِي نِسَاءَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ  

{إن فرعون علا} تعظم {في الأرض} أرض مصر {وجعل أهلها شيعاً} فرقاً في خدمته {يستضعف طائفة منهم} هم بنو إسرائيل {يذِّبح أبناءهم} المولودين {ويستحيي نساءَهم} يستبقيهن أحياء لقول بعض الكهنة له: إن مولوداً يولد في بني إسرائيل يكون سبب زوال ملكك {إنه كان من المفسدين} بالقتل وغيره.
quran:28:5 –

And We wanted to confer favor upon those who were oppressed in the land and make them leaders and make them inheritors  

And We desired to show favour to those who were oppressed in the land, and to make them exemplars (read a’immatan, pronouncing both hamzas, or by replacing the second one with a yā’) whose good example would be followed, and to make them the inheritors, of Pharaoh’s kingdom;
القرآن:٢٨:٥ –

وَنُرِيدُ أَنْ نَمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ  

{ونريد أن نمن على الذين استضعفوا في الأرض ونجعلهم أئمة} بتحقيق الهمزتين وإبدال الثانية ياء يقتدى بهم في الخير {ونجعلهم الوارثين} ملك فرعون.
quran:28:6 –

And establish them in the land and show Pharaoh and ˹his minister˺ Haman and their soldiers through them that which they had feared.  

and to establish them in the land, the land of Egypt and Syria, and to show Pharaoh and Hāmān and their hosts (a variant reading has wa-yarā Fir‘awnu wa-Hāmānu wa-junūduhumā, ‘so that Pharaoh and Hāmān and their hosts might see’, with all three ˹nouns˺ in the nominative) from them that of which they were apprehensive, ˹that which˺ they feared of the new-born ˹Israelite˺ who would bring about the end of their kingdom.
القرآن:٢٨:٦ –

وَنُمَكِّنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنُرِيَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا مِنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَحْذَرُونَ  

{ونمكن لهم في الأرض} أرض مصر والشام {ونريَ فرعون وهامان وجنودهما} وفي قراءة ويرى بفتح التحتانية والراء ورفع الأسماء الثلاثة {منهم ما كانوا يحذرون} يخافون من المولود الذي يذهب ملكهم على يديه.
quran:28:7 –

And We inspired to the mother of Moses, "Suckle him; but when you fear for him, cast him into the river and do not fear and do not grieve. Indeed, We will return him to you and will make him ˹one˺ of the messengers."  

And We revealed, by inspiration or in a dream, to the mother of Moses — who was the said new-born; his sister was the only other person aware of his birth — ‘Suckle him, then, when you fear for him, cast him into the waters, namely, the Nile, and do not fear, that he should drown, or grieve, for being separated from him, for We will restore him to you and make him one of the messengers’. She suckled him for three months during which he never cried. She then began to fear for him and so she placed him in a basket coated with pitch and made as a cradle for him on the inside. She then closed it and cast it into the waters of the Nile at night.
القرآن:٢٨:٧ –

وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَرْضِعِيهِ ۖ فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ وَلَا تَخَافِي وَلَا تَحْزَنِي ۖ إِنَّا رَادُّوهُ إِلَيْكِ وَجَاعِلُوهُ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ  

{وأوحينا} وحي إلهام أو منام {إلى أم موسى} وهو المولود المذكور ولم يشعر بولادته غير أخته {أن أرضعيه فإذا خفت عليه فألقيه في اليم} البحر أي النيل {ولا تخافي} غرقه {ولا تحزني} لفراقه {إنا رادوه إليك وجاعلوه من المرسلين} فأرضعته ثلاثة أشهر لا يبكي وخافت عليه فوضعته في تابوت مطليٍّ بالقار من داخل ممهد له فيه وأغلقته وألقته في بحر النيل ليلاً.
quran:28:8 –

And the family of Pharaoh picked him up ˹out of the river˺ so that he would become to them an enemy and a ˹cause of˺ grief. Indeed, Pharaoh and Haman and their soldiers were deliberate sinners.  

Then Pharaoh’s folk, aids, picked him up, with him ˹still˺ in the basket, the morning following that night — it was placed him in front of him ˹Pharaoh˺ and then opened and Moses was brought out of it, sucking milk from his thumb — to be, at the end of the affair, an enemy, slaying their menfolk, and a ˹cause of˺ grief to them, enslaving their womenfolk (a variant reading ˹for hazanan˺ is huznan, both of which are alternative forms of the verbal noun, and it functions as an active participle, derived from hazanahu, which is like ahzanahu, ‘he caused him grief’). Truly Pharaoh and, his minister, Hāmān, and their hosts were sinners, that is, disobedient, and so they were punished at his ˹Moses’s˺ hands.
القرآن:٢٨:٨ –

فَالْتَقَطَهُ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ عَدُوًّا وَحَزَنًا ۗ إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا كَانُوا خَاطِئِينَ  

{فالتقطه} بالتابوت صبيحة الليل {آل} أعوان {فرعون} فوضعوه بين يديه وفتح وأخرج موسى منه وهو يمص من إبهامه لبناً {ليكون لهم} في عاقبة الأمر {عدواً} يقتل رجالهم {وحزناً} يستعبد نساءهم وفي قراءة بضم الحاء وسكون الزاي لغتان في المصدر وهو هنا بمعنى اسم الفاعل من حزنه كأحزنه {إن فرعون وهامان}. وزيره {وجنودهما كانوا خاطئين} من الخطيئة أي عاصين فعوقبوا على يديه.
quran:28:9 –

And the wife of Pharaoh said, "˹He will be˺ a comfort of the eye for me and for you. Do not kill him; perhaps he may benefit us, or we may adopt him as a son." And they perceived not.  

And Pharaoh’s wife said, after he and his aids had resolved to slay him: he is, ‘A joyous sight for me and you. Do not slay him. Perhaps he will be of benefit to us, or we will adopt him as a son’, and so they obeyed her ˹wish˺. And they were not aware, of the sequel to their affair with him.
القرآن:٢٨:٩ –

وَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُ فِرْعَوْنَ قُرَّتُ عَيْنٍ لِي وَلَكَ ۖ لَا تَقْتُلُوهُ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَنْفَعَنَا أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَدًا وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{وقالت امرأة فرعون} وقد هم مع أعوانه بقتله هو {قرت عين لي ولك لا تقتلوه عسى أن ينفعنا أو نتخذه ولداً} فأطاعوها {وهو لا يشعرون} بعاقبة أمرهم معه.
quran:28:10 –

And the heart of Moses' mother became empty ˹of all else˺. She was about to disclose ˹the matter concerning˺ him had We not bound fast her heart that she would be of the believers.  

And the heart of Moses’s mother, when she found out that they had picked him up, became empty, of everything other than him. Indeed (in, softened from the hardened form, its subject omitted, in other words ˹understand it as˺ innaha) she was about to expose him, that is, as being her son, had We not fortified her heart, with patience, that is, We made it at peace, that she might be of the believers, ˹of˺ those who have faith in God’s promise (the response to ˹the conditional˺ lawlā, ‘had … not’, is given by the preceding ˹statement˺).
القرآن:٢٨:١٠ –

وَأَصْبَحَ فُؤَادُ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ فَارِغًا ۖ إِنْ كَادَتْ لَتُبْدِي بِهِ لَوْلَا أَنْ رَبَطْنَا عَلَىٰ قَلْبِهَا لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{وأصبح فؤاد أم موسى} لما علمت بالتقاطه {فارغاً} مما سواه. {إن} مخففة من الثقيلة واسمها محذوف أي إنها {كادت لتبدي به} أي بأنه ابنها {لولا أن ربطنا على قلبها} بالصبر أي سكناه {لتكون من المؤمنين} المصدقين بوعد الله وجواب لولا دل عليه ما قبله.
quran:28:11 –

And she said to his sister, "Follow him"; so she watched him from a distance while they perceived not.  

And she said to his sister, Mary, ‘Follow him’, in other words, follow where he goes in order to find out his news. So she watched him from afar, from a distance, secretly, while they were not aware, that she was his sister, or that she was ˹even˺ watching him.
القرآن:٢٨:١١ –

وَقَالَتْ لِأُخْتِهِ قُصِّيهِ ۖ فَبَصُرَتْ بِهِ عَنْ جُنُبٍ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{وقالت لأخته} مريم {قصيه} اتبعي أثره حتى تعلمي خبره {فبصرت به} أبصرته {عن جُنُب} من مكان بعيد اختلاساً {وهم لا يشعرون} أنها أخته وأنها ترقبه.
quran:28:12 –

And We had prevented from him ˹all˺ wet nurses before, so she said, "Shall I direct you to a household that will be responsible for him for you while they are to him ˹for his upbringing˺ sincere?"  

And We had forbidden him to ˹take to the breasts of˺ fostermothers from before, that is to say, we prevented him from taking to the breasts of any suckling mother other than his own mother. Therefore he would not accept the breasts of any of the foster-mothers brought for him. So she, his sister, said, ‘Shall I show you a household — having seen their affection for him — who will take care of him for you, by having him suckled and so on, and who will act in good faith towards him?’ (the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun in lahu has been interpreted as referring to the king, as a response to them ˹when they asked Mary how she could be sure˺). Her suggestion was accepted. So she brought his mother and he took to her breast. She explained to them that he had taken to her ˹breast˺ because of her pleasant scent and the wholesome taste of her milk. Permission was given to her to breast-feed him in her own house and so she returned with him, just as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٢٨:١٢ –

وَحَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَرَاضِعَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَقَالَتْ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ يَكْفُلُونَهُ لَكُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ نَاصِحُونَ  

{وحرمنا عليه المراضع من قبل} أي قبل رده إلى أمه أي منعناه من قبول ثدي مرضعة غير أمه فلم يقبل ثدي واحدة من المراضع المحضرة له {فقالت} أخته {هل أدلكم على أهل بيت} لما رأت حنوهم عليه {يكفلونه لكم} بالإرضاع وغيره {وهم له ناصحون} وفسرت ضمير له بالملك جواباً لهم فأجيبت فجاءت بأمه فقبل ثديها وأجابتهم عن قبوله بأنها طيبة الريح طيبة اللبن فأذن لها في إرضاعه في بيتها فرجعت به كما قال تعالى:
quran:28:13 –

So We restored him to his mother that she might be content and not grieve and that she would know that the promise of Allah is true. But most of the people do not know.  

Thus We restored him to his mother so that her eyes might delight, in seeing him ˹again˺, and not grieve, thereat, and that she might know that God’s promise, to restore him to her, is true; but most of them, that is, the people, do not know, about this promise, or of the fact that this was his sister and the other was his mother. He ˹Moses˺ remained with her until he was weaned during which time she was paid wages at one dinar per day. She took this because it was money from enemy territory (harbī). She then brought him ˹back˺ to Pharaoh in whose household he was raised, as God recounts of him in sūrat al-Shu‘arā’ ˹Q. 26:18˺, Did we not rear you among us as a child, and did you not stay with us for years of your life?
القرآن:٢٨:١٣ –

فَرَدَدْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ أُمِّهِ كَيْ تَقَرَّ عَيْنُهَا وَلَا تَحْزَنَ وَلِتَعْلَمَ أَنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{فرددناه إلى أمه كي تقر عينها} بلقائه {ولا تحزن} حينئذ {ولتعلم أن وعد الله} برده إليها {حق ولكن أكثرهم} أي الناس {لا يعلمون} بهذا الوعد ولا بأن هذه أخته وهذه أمه فمكث عندها إلى أن فطمته وأجرى عليها أجرتها لكل يوم دينار وأخذتها لأنها مال حربي فأتت به فرعون فتربى عنده كما قال تعالى حكاية عنه في سورة الشعراء {ألم نربِّك فينا وليداً ولبثت فينا من عمرك سنين}
quran:28:14 –

And when he attained his full strength and was ˹mentally˺ mature, We bestowed upon him judgement and knowledge. And thus do We reward the doers of good.  

And when he came of age, namely, at 30 or 33, and ˹then˺ was ˹fully˺ mature, that is, when he reached the age of 40, We gave him judgement, wisdom, and knowledge, comprehension of religious matters before he was sent as a prophet. And so, just as We rewarded him, do We reward those are virtuous, to their own souls.
القرآن:٢٨:١٤ –

وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَاسْتَوَىٰ آتَيْنَاهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{ولما بلغ أشده} وهو ثلاثون سنة أو وثلاث {واستوى} أي بلغ أربعين سنة {آتيناه حكماً} حكمة {وعلماً} فقهاً في الدين قبل أن يبعث نبياً {وكذلك} كما جزيناه {نجزي المحسنين} لأنفسهم.
quran:28:15 –

And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its people and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help to him against the one from his enemy, so Moses struck him and ˹unintentionally˺ killed him. ˹Moses˺ said, "This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."  

And he, Moses, entered the city, Pharaoh’s city, Memphis, having been absent from it for a while, at a time when its people were oblivious, the time of the afternoon nap, and found therein two men fighting, one of his own faction, namely, an Israelite, and the other of his enemies, in other words, an Egyptian, who was exploiting an Israelite to carry firewood to Pharaoh’s kitchen. So the one who was of his faction called to him for help against the one who was of his enemies, and so Moses said to him, ‘Leave him be!’, and it is said that he replied to Moses ˹thus˺: ‘I am truly considering making you carry this ˹firewood˺!’. So Moses punched him, that is, he hit him with his fist clenched — he ˹Moses˺ was a strong man with a powerful strike, and did away with him, that is, he killed him, but he had not intended to kill him. He buried him in the sand. He said, ‘This, killing of him, is of Satan’s doing, inciting my anger. Indeed he is an enemy, to the son of Adam, a manifest misleader’, of him.
القرآن:٢٨:١٥ –

وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِنْ شِيعَتِهِ وَهَٰذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ ۖ فَاسْتَغَاثَهُ الَّذِي مِنْ شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۖ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُضِلٌّ مُبِينٌ  

{ودخل} موسى {المدينة} مدينة فرعون وهي منف بعد أن غاب عنه مدة {على حين غفلة من أهلها} وقت القيلولة {فوجد فيها رجلين يقتتلان هذا من شيعته} أي إسرائيلي {وهذا من عدوه} أي قبطي يسخر إسرائيلياً ليحمل حطباً إلى مطبخ فرعون {فاستغاثه الذي من شيعته على الذي من عدوه} فقال له موسى خلِّ سبيله فقيل إنه قال لموسى لقد هممت أن أحمله عليك {فوكزه موسى} أي ضربه بجمع كفه وكان شديد القوة والبطش {فقضى عليه} قتله ولم يكن يقصد قتله ودفنه في الرمل {قال هذا} قتله {من عمل الشيطان} المهيج غضبي {إنه عدو} لابن آدم {مضل} له {مبين} بيّن الإضلال.
quran:28:16 –

He said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me," and He forgave him. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.  

He said, remorsefully, ‘My Lord, I have indeed wronged myself, by killing him, so forgive me!’ So He forgave him. Truly He is the Forgiving, the Merciful, that is to say, the One Who has always possessed, and will always possess, these two attributes.
القرآن:٢٨:١٦ –

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي فَغَفَرَ لَهُ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ  

{قال} نادماً {رب إني ظلمت نفسي} بقتله {فاغفر لي فغفر له إنه هو الغفور الرحيم} أي المتصف بهما أزلاً وأبداً.
quran:28:17 –

He said, "My Lord, for the favor You bestowed upon me, I will never be an assistant to the criminals."  

He said, ‘My Lord, forasmuch as You have been gracious to me, with forgiveness, protect me ˹so˺, I will never be a partisan, a supporter, of the criminals’, the disbelievers henceforth, if you were to protect me.
القرآن:٢٨:١٧ –

قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَا أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرًا لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ  

{قال رب بما أنعمت} بحق إنعامك {عليَّ} بالمغفرة اعصمني {فلن أكون ظهيراً} عوناً {للمجرمين} الكافرين بعد هذه إن عصمتني.
quran:28:18 –

And he became inside the city fearful and anticipating ˹exposure˺, when suddenly the one who sought his help the previous day cried out to him ˹once again˺. Moses said to him, "Indeed, you are an evident, ˹persistent˺ deviator."  

In the morning he was in the city, fearful, vigilant, waiting to see what would happen to him ˹in reaction˺ from the side of the slain man; — when behold, the one who had sought his help the day before cried out to him for help ˹again˺, asking for his help against another Egyptian. Moses said to him, ‘Clearly you are a trouble-maker!’, whose trouble-making is evident, judging by what you did yesterday and today.
القرآن:٢٨:١٨ –

فَأَصْبَحَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي اسْتَنْصَرَهُ بِالْأَمْسِ يَسْتَصْرِخُهُ ۚ قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَىٰ إِنَّكَ لَغَوِيٌّ مُبِينٌ  

{فأصبح في المدينة خائفاً يترقب} ينتظر ما يناله من جهة أهل القتيل {فإذا الذي استنصره بالأمس يستصرخه} يستغيث به على قبطيٍّ آخر {قال له موسى إنك لغوي مبين} بيّن الغواية لما فعلته بالأمس واليوم.
quran:28:19 –

And when he wanted to strike the one who was an enemy to both of them, he said, "O Moses, do you intend to kill me as you killed someone yesterday? You only want to be a tyrant in the land and do not want to be of the amenders."  

But when (fa-lammā an: an is extra) he was about to strike the man who was an enemy to both of them, to Moses and the one seeking his help, he, the one seeking help, supposing that Moses was about to strike him, because of what he ˹Moses˺ had said to him, said: ‘O Moses, do you want to slay me just as you slew a soul yesterday? You merely want to be a tyrant in the land, and you do not want to be of the reformers’. The Egyptian heard this and realised that the slayer had been Moses. Thus he hurried off to Pharaoh to inform him of this. Pharaoh then ordered slaughterers to slay Moses, and they set off in his direction.
القرآن:٢٨:١٩ –

فَلَمَّا أَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْطِشَ بِالَّذِي هُوَ عَدُوٌّ لَهُمَا قَالَ يَا مُوسَىٰ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَقْتُلَنِي كَمَا قَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا بِالْأَمْسِ ۖ إِنْ تُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ جَبَّارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِينَ  

{فلما أن} زائدة {أراد أن يبطش بالذي هو عدو لهما} لموسى والمستغيث به {قال} المستغيث ظاناً أنه يبطش به لما قال له {يا موسى أتريد أن تقتلني كما قتلت نفساً بالأمس إن} ما {تريد إلا أن تكون جباراً في الأرض وما تريد أن تكون من المصلحين} فسمع القبطي ذلك فعلم أن القاتل موسى فانطلق إلى فرعون فأخبره بذلك فأمر فرعون الذباحين بقتل موسى فأخذوا في الطريق إليه.
quran:28:20 –

And a man came from the farthest end of the city, running. He said, "O Moses, indeed the eminent ones are conferring over you ˹intending˺ to kill you, so leave ˹the city˺; indeed, I am to you of the sincere advisors."  

And a man, who was the ˹only˺ believer among Pharaoh’s kinsfolk, came from the outskirts of the city, hastening, walking fast, via a route quicker than theirs. He said, ‘O Moses, lo! the council, of Pharaoh’s folk, are conspiring, discussing ˹the means˺, to slay you. So leave, the city. Truly I am speaking to you in good faith’, in bidding you to leave.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٠ –

وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ يَسْعَىٰ قَالَ يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلُوكَ فَاخْرُجْ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ  

{وجاء رجل} هو مؤمن آل فرعون {من أقصا المدينة} آخرها {يسعى} يسرع في مشيه من طريق أقرب من طريقهم {قال يا موسى إن الملأَ} من قوم فرعون {يأتمرون بك} يتشاورون فيك {ليقتلوك فاخرج} من المدينة {إني لك من الناصحين} في الأمر بالخروج.
quran:28:21 –

So he left it, fearful and anticipating ˹apprehension˺. He said, "My Lord, save me from the wrongdoing people."  

So he departed from it, fearful, vigilant, lest any of the pursuers catch up with him, or ˹in the hope˺ that God might rescue him. He said, ‘My Lord, deliver me from the evildoing people’, Pharaoh’s people.
القرآن:٢٨:٢١ –

فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ ۖ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فخرج منها خائفاً يترقب} لحوق طالب أو غوث الله إياه {قال رب نجني من القوم الظالمين} قوم فرعون.
quran:28:22 –

And when he directed himself toward Madyan, he said, "Perhaps my Lord will guide me to the sound way."  

And when he turned his face towards Midian, in the direction thereof — and this ˹Midian˺ was the town of ˹the prophet˺ Shu‘ayb, eight day’s journeying from Egypt, ˹so˺ named after Midian son of Abraham; he ˹Moses˺ did not know the route to it — he said, ‘Perhaps my Lord will show me the right way’, that is to say, which route to follow, in other words, the simplest route to it. God thus sent forth to him an angel with a goat, which he ˹Moses˺ set off following towards it ˹the town˺.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٢ –

وَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَ تِلْقَاءَ مَدْيَنَ قَالَ عَسَىٰ رَبِّي أَنْ يَهْدِيَنِي سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ  

{ولما توجه} قصد بوجهه {تلقاء مدين} جهتها وهي قرية شعيب مسيرة ثمانية أيام من مصر سميت بمدين بن إبراهيم ولم يكن يعرف طريقها {قال عسى ربي أن يهديني سواء السبيل} أي قصد الطريق الوسط إليها فأرسل الله ملكاً بيده عنزة فانطلق به إليها.
quran:28:23 –

And when he came to the well of Madyan, he found there a crowd of people watering ˹their flocks˺, and he found aside from them two women driving back ˹their flocks˺. He said, "What is your circumstance?" They said, "We do not water until the shepherds dispatch ˹their flocks˺; and our father is an old man."  

And when he arrived at the Water of Midian, ˹the name of˺ a well therein, he found a group of people there watering, their flocks, and he found, besides them, two women holding back their flock, from the water. He, Moses, said, to the two: ‘What is your business?’, that is, ‘What is the matter with you, that you are not watering?’ They said, ‘We do not water ˹our flock˺ until the shepherds have moved on (ri‘ā’u, ‘shepherds’, the plural of rā‘in) that is to say, until they have returned from the watering, for fear of being crushed ˹by the throng˺, after which we go to water (a variant reading ˹for yasdiru, ‘move on’˺ is the 4th form ˹subjunctive˺ yusdira, ‘to drive away’, meaning, until they ˹the shepherds˺ have driven their flocks away from the water’) and our father is a very old man’, unable to ˹come and˺ water.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٣ –

وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ مَاءَ مَدْيَنَ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةً مِنَ النَّاسِ يَسْقُونَ وَوَجَدَ مِنْ دُونِهِمُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَذُودَانِ ۖ قَالَ مَا خَطْبُكُمَا ۖ قَالَتَا لَا نَسْقِي حَتَّىٰ يُصْدِرَ الرِّعَاءُ ۖ وَأَبُونَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ  

{ولما ورد ماء مدين} بئر فيها أي وصل إليها {وجد عليه أُمَّة} جماعة {من الناس يسقون} مواشيهم {ووجد من دونهم} سواهم {امرأتين تذودان} تمنعان أغنامهما عن الماء {قال} موسى لهما {ما خطبكما} ما شأنكما لا تسقيان {قالتا لا نسقي حتى يصدر الرعاء} جمع راع أي يرجعون من سقيهم خوف الزحام فنسقي وفي قراءة يصدر من الرباعي أي يصرفوا مواشيهم عن الماء {وأبونا شيخ كبير} لا يقدر أن يسقي.
quran:28:24 –

So he watered ˹their flocks˺ for them; then he went back to the shade and said, "My Lord, indeed I am, for whatever good You would send down to me, in need."  

So he watered ˹their flock˺ for them, from another well nearby, by lifting a rock from on top of it, which only ten men could have lifted; then he retreated to the shade, of an acacia tree (samura), because of the extreme heat of the sun and he was hungry, and said, ‘My Lord, indeed I am in utter need of whatever good, ˹whatever˺ food, You send down to me’. The two women returned to their father quicker than usual and so he asked them why ˹it was so˺. They told him about the man who had watered ˹their flock˺ for them. So he said to one of them, ‘Summon him to ˹come to˺ me’.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٤ –

فَسَقَىٰ لَهُمَا ثُمَّ تَوَلَّىٰ إِلَى الظِّلِّ فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَقِيرٌ  

{فسقى لهما} من بئر أخرى بقربهما رفع حجراً عنها لا يرفعه إلا عشرة أنفس {ثم تولى} انصرف {إلى الظل} لسمرة من شدة حر الشمس وهو جائع {فقال رب إني لما أنزلت إليَّ من خير} طعام {فقيرٌ} محتاج فرجعتا إلى أبيهما في زمن أقل مما كانتا ترجعان فيه فسألهما عن ذلك فأخبرتاه بمن سقي لهما فقال لإحداهما: ادعيه لي، قال تعالى:
quran:28:25 –

Then one of the two women came to him walking with shyness. She said, "Indeed, my father invites you that he may reward you for having watered for us." So when he came to him and related to him the story, he said, "Fear not. You have escaped from the wrongdoing people."  

God, exalted be He, says: Then one of the two women came to him, walking bashfully — in other words, covering her face with the sleeve of her shirt, being shy of him — and said, ‘My father invites you, that he may pay you a wage for watering ˹our flock˺ for us’. He accepted her invitation, while inwardly he disapproved of accepting any wage, for it was as though she sought to remunerate him and as though he were of those who would want it ˹which he was not˺. She walked in front of him but when the wind began to blow off her dress and reveal her legs, he said to her, ‘Walk behind me and show me the way’, which she did. Finally he came to her father, Shu‘ayb, peace be upon him, who was sitting with some supper in front of him. He said to him, ‘Sit and have some supper’. He ˹Moses˺ said, ‘I hope that this is not ˹some sort of˺ compensation for having watered ˹their flock˺ for them? For we are People of a House and do not demand compensation for good deeds’. He ˹Shu‘ayb˺ said, ‘No. It is ˹simply˺ a custom of mine and of my forefathers to be hospitable to guests and to offer them food’. Thus, he ˹Moses˺ ate and informed him of his predicament. God, exalted be He, says: So when he came to him and recounted to him the story (al-qasas is a verbal noun with the sense of al-maqsūs, ‘that which is recounted’), of his slaying of the Egyptian and their intention to slay him and his fear of Pharaoh, he ˹their father˺ said, ‘Do not be afraid. You have escaped from the evildoing people’, as Pharaoh had no authority over Midian.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٥ –

فَجَاءَتْهُ إِحْدَاهُمَا تَمْشِي عَلَى اسْتِحْيَاءٍ قَالَتْ إِنَّ أَبِي يَدْعُوكَ لِيَجْزِيَكَ أَجْرَ مَا سَقَيْتَ لَنَا ۚ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ وَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقَصَصَ قَالَ لَا تَخَفْ ۖ نَجَوْتَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فجاءته إحداهما تمشي على استحياء} أي واضعة كُمَّ درعها على وجهها حياء منه {قالت إن أبي يدعوك ليجزيك أجر ما سقيت لنا} فأجابها منكراً في نفسه أخذ الأجرة كأنها قصدت المكافأة إن كان ممن يريدها فمشت بين يديه فجعلت الريح تضرب ثوبها فتكشف ساقيها فقال لها: امشي خلفي ودليني على الطريق ففعلت إلى أن جاء أباها وهو شعيب عليه السلام وعنده عشاء فقال: اجلس فتعش قال: أخاف أن يكون عوضاً مما سقيت لهما وإنا أهل بيت لا نطلب على عمل خير عوضاً قال: لا، عادتي وعادة آبائي نقري الضيف ونطعم الطعام فأكل وأخبره بحاله قال تعالي {فلما جاءه وقص عليه القصص} مصدر بمعنى المقصوص من قتله القبطي وقصدهم قتله وخوفه من فرعون {قال لا تخف نجوت من القوم الظالمين} إذ لا سلطان لفرعون على مدين.
quran:28:26 –

One of the women said, "O my father, hire him. Indeed, the best one you can hire is the strong and the trustworthy."  

One of the two women, the one that had been sent ˹by her father˺, either the elder or the younger, said, ‘O my father, hire him, employ him in return for a wage, that he may tend our flock instead of us. Surely the best ˹man˺ you can hire is the strong, the trustworthy man’, in other words, hire him on account of his strength and trustworthiness. He ˹Shu‘ayb˺ asked her about him and she told him, as mentioned above, how he had lifted the rock off the well and that he had said to her, ‘Walk behind me’, in addition to his lowering his head when he realised that she was coming towards him, refusing to lift it ˹until she left˺. He ˹Shu‘ayb˺ therefore was keen to have him marry ˹one of his daughters˺.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٦ –

قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ ۖ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِينُ  

{قالت إحداهما} وهي المرسَلة الكبرى أو الصغرى {يا أبت استأجره} اتخذه أجيراً يرعى غنمنا بدلنا {إن خير من استأجرت القوي الأمين} أي استأجره لقوته وأمانته فسألها عنه فأخبرته بما تقدم من رفعه حجر البئر ومن قوله لها: إمشي خلفي وزيادة أنها لما جاءته وعلم بها صوب رأسه فلم يرفعه فرغب في إنكاحه.
quran:28:27 –

He said, "Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two daughters, on ˹the condition˺ that you serve me for eight years; but if you complete ten, it will be ˹as a favor˺ from you. And I do not wish to put you in difficulty. You will find me, if Allah wills, from among the righteous."  

He said, ‘I desire to marry you to one of these two daughters of mine, either the elder or the younger one, on condition that you hire yourself to me, that you are employed by me to tend my flock, for eight years. And if you complete ten, that is, the tending of ten years, that, completion, shall be of your own accord. I do not want to be hard on you, by making it ˹the marriage˺ conditional on ten ˹years service˺. God willing — ˹expressed˺ to seek ˹God’s˺ blessing — you shall find me to be one of the righteous’, of those who fulfil their covenants.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٧ –

قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَىٰ أَنْ تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ ۖ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِنْدِكَ ۖ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَيْكَ ۚ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ  

{قال إني أريد أن أُنكحك إحدى ابنتيَّ هاتين} وهي الكبرى أو الصغرى {على أن تأجرني} تكون أجيراً لي في رعي غنمي {ثماني حجج} أي سنين {فإن أتممت عشراً} أي رعي عشر سنين {فمن عندك} التمام {وما أريد أن أشق عليك} باشتراط العشر {ستجدني إن شاء الله} للتبرك {من الصالحين} الوافين بالعهد.
quran:28:28 –

˹Moses˺ said, "That is ˹established˺ between me and you. Whichever of the two terms I complete - there is no injustice to me, and Allah, over what we say, is Witness."  

He, Moses, said, ‘That, which you have said, is ˹settled then˺ between me and you. Whichever of the two terms, the eight or the ten (the mā ˹in ayyamā, ‘whichever of the two’˺ is extra), in other words, the tending thereof, I complete, there shall be no injustice ˹done˺ to me, by demanding ˹of me˺ to do more ˹tending˺. And God is Guardian, Keeper or Witness, over what we, you and I, say’. The contract was agreed in this way. Shu‘ayb bid his daughter to give Moses a staff with which to beat off predatory beasts from his sheep — the staffs of the prophets were in his keeping. It was Adam’s staff, made from the myrtle of Paradise, that fell into her hands and so Moses took it, with Shu‘ayb’s knowledge.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٨ –

قَالَ ذَٰلِكَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ ۖ أَيَّمَا الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَيْتُ فَلَا عُدْوَانَ عَلَيَّ ۖ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَا نَقُولُ وَكِيلٌ  

{قال} موسى {ذلك} الذي قلته {بيني وبينك أيما الأجلين} الثماني أو العشر وما زائدة أي رعيه {قضيت} به أي فرغت منه {فلا عدوان عليَّ} بطلب الزيادة عليه {والله على ما نقول} أنا وأنت {وكيل} حفيظ أو شهيد فتم العقد بذلك وأمر شعيب ابنته أن تعطي موسى عصا يدفع بها السباع عن غنمه وكانت عصيُّ الأنبياء عنده فوقع في يدها عصا آدم من آس الجنة فأخذها موسى بعلم شعيب.
quran:28:29 –

And when Moses had completed the term and was traveling with his family, he perceived from the direction of the mount a fire. He said to his family, "Stay here; indeed, I have perceived a fire. Perhaps I will bring you from there ˹some˺ information or burning wood from the fire that you may warm yourselves."  

So when Moses had completed the term, of his tending — of eight years, or of ten years, which is what is generally assumed — and was travelling with his family, his wife, with the permission of her father, in the direction of Egypt, he saw in the distance on the side of the Mount ˹Tūr˺ a fire (al-Tūr is the name of a mountain). He said to his family, ‘Wait, here; I see a fire in the distance. Maybe I will bring you from it news, about ˹how to rejoin˺ the route ˹to Egypt˺ — for he had strayed from it ˹along the way˺ — or a brand (read with any of the three vowels ˹jadhwa, jidhwa, or judhwa˺, which ˹either˺ means ‘a bundle’, or ‘a flame’) from the fire, that you may warm yourselves’ (tastalūna: the tā’ replaces the tā’ of the ˹8th verbal paradigm˺ ifta‘ala of the verb saliya, or salaya).
القرآن:٢٨:٢٩ –

فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِ آنَسَ مِنْ جَانِبِ الطُّورِ نَارًا قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ امْكُثُوا إِنِّي آنَسْتُ نَارًا لَعَلِّي آتِيكُمْ مِنْهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوْ جَذْوَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَصْطَلُونَ  

{فلما قضى موسى الأجل} أي رعيه وهو ثمان أو عشر سنين وهو المظنون به {وسار بأهله} زوجته بإذن أبيها نحو مصر {آنس} أبصر من بعيد {من جانب الطور} اسم جبل {ناراً قال لأهله امكثوا} هنا {إني آنست ناراً لعلي آتيكم منها بخبر} عن الطريق وكان قد أخطئها {أو جذوة} بتثليث الجيم قطعة وشعلة {من النار لعلكم تصطلون} تستدفئون والطاء بدل من تاء الافتعال من صلي بالنار بكسر اللام وفتحها.
quran:28:30 –

But when he came to it, he was called from the right side of the valley in a blessed spot - from the tree, "O Moses, indeed I am Allah, Lord of the worlds."  

And when he reached it, a call came from the right bank, ˹the right˺ side, of the valley, to Moses, at the blessed spot, ˹blessed˺ for Moses, because of his hearing God’s speech therein, from the tree (mina’lshajarati substitutes for min shāti’i, ‘from the ˹right˺ bank’, and the preposition ˹min, ‘from’˺ has been repeated because it ˹the tree˺ grows there) — the tree was a jujube, a bramble, or a boxthorn — ˹saying˺ that (an here is explicative, and not in its softened form) ‘O Moses! Indeed I am God, the Lord of the Worlds’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٠ –

فَلَمَّا أَتَاهَا نُودِيَ مِنْ شَاطِئِ الْوَادِ الْأَيْمَنِ فِي الْبُقْعَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ أَنْ يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{فلما أتاها نودي من شاطئ} جانب {الواد الأيمن} لموسى {في البقعة المباركة} لموسى لسماعه كلام الله فيها {من الشجرة} بدل من شاطئ بإعادة الجار لنباتها فيه وهي شجرة عناب أو عليق أو عوسج {أن} مفسرة لا مخففة {يا موسى إني أنا الله رب العالمين}.
quran:28:31 –

And ˹he was told˺, "Throw down your staff." But when he saw it writhing as if it was a snake, he turned in flight and did not return. ˹Allah said˺, "O Moses, approach and fear not. Indeed, you are of the secure.  

And: ‘Throw down your staff’, and he threw it down. And when he saw it quivering, moving, as if it were a serpent (jānn: is a small snake ˹so called˺ because of the speed of its movement) he turned his back, to flee from it, and did not look back, in other words, he did not return, and so there called out ˹the voice˺: ‘O Moses! Come forward, and do not be afraid. Indeed you are safe.
القرآن:٢٨:٣١ –

وَأَنْ أَلْقِ عَصَاكَ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا تَهْتَزُّ كَأَنَّهَا جَانٌّ وَلَّىٰ مُدْبِرًا وَلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ ۚ يَا مُوسَىٰ أَقْبِلْ وَلَا تَخَفْ ۖ إِنَّكَ مِنَ الْآمِنِينَ  

{وأن ألق عصاك} فألقاها {فلما رآها تهتز} تتحرك {كأنها جان} وهي الحية الصغيرة من سرعة حركتها {ولَّى مدبرا} هاربا منها {ولم يعقب} أي يرجع فنودي {يا موسى أقبل ولا تخف إنك من الآمنين}.
quran:28:32 –

Insert your hand into the opening of your garment; it will come out white, without disease. And draw in your arm close to you ˹as prevention˺ from fear, for those are two proofs from your Lord to Pharaoh and his establishment. Indeed, they have been a people defiantly disobedient."  

Insert your, right, hand, meaning, the palm, into your bosom (jayb is the neck ˹area˺ of the shirt) and ˹then˺ take it out, and it will emerge, not in its usual skin colour ˹but˺, white, without any blemish, any ˹vestige of˺ leprosy. So he inserted it and took it out and it shone as bright as the sun, blinding the eyes; and draw your arm ˹back˺ to your side ˹as a precaution˺ against fear (read rahab, rahb or ruhb), in other words, ˹against˺ the fear produced by the glow of the hand, so that you insert it ˹back˺ into your bosom and it is restored to its former state; it ˹the arm˺ is referred to as jināh, ‘wing’, because they are for humans what wings are for birds. These then (read fa-dhānika or fa-dhānnika) namely, the staff and the hand (both of which ˹‘asā and yad˺ are feminine nouns, but the demonstrative pronoun ˹dhānika˺ used for them, being the subject, is in the masculine because its predicate is masculine) shall be two proofs, to be sent, from your Lord to Pharaoh and his council; for surely they are an immoral people’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٢ –

اسْلُكْ يَدَكَ فِي جَيْبِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ وَاضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ جَنَاحَكَ مِنَ الرَّهْبِ ۖ فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَانِ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ  

{اسلك} أدخل {يدك} اليمنى بمعنى الكف {في جيبك} هو طوق القميص وأخرجها {تخرج} خلاف ما كانت عليه من الأدمة {بيضاء من غير سوء} أي برص فأدخلها وأخرجها تضيء كشعاع الشمس تغشى البصر {واضمم إليك جناحك من الرَّهَب} بفتح الحرفين وسكون الثاني مع فتح الأول وضمه أي الخوف الحاصل من إضاءة اليد بأن تدخلها في جيبك فتعود إلى حالتها الأولى وعبر عنها بالجناح لأنها للإنسان كالجناح للطائر {فَذَانِّكَ} بالتشديد والتخفيف أي العصا واليد وهما مؤنثان وإنما ذكر المشار به إليهما المبتدأ لتذكير خبره {برهانان} مرسلان {من ربك إلي فرعون وملئه إنهم كانوا قوماً فاسقين}.
quran:28:33 –

He said, "My Lord, indeed, I killed from among them someone, and I fear they will kill me.  

He said, ‘My Lord, I have indeed slain a soul among them — the mentioned Egyptian — and so I fear that they will slay me, because of him.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٣ –

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي قَتَلْتُ مِنْهُمْ نَفْسًا فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونِ  

{قال رب إني قتلت منهم نفساً} هو القبطي السابق {فأخاف أن يقتلون} به.
quran:28:34 –

And my brother Aaron is more fluent than me in tongue, so send him with me as support, verifying me. Indeed, I fear that they will deny me."  

And my brother Aaron is more eloquent, more intelligible, than me in speech. So send him with me as a helper, as an aid (a variant reading ˹for rid’an, ‘helper’˺ is ridan) to confirm me (read ˹either˺ in apocopated form, yusadiqnī, as a response to the request, or ˹as an indicative˺ with damma inflection, yusadiqunī, as an adjectival qualification of rid’an, ‘helper’), for I truly fear that they will deny me’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٤ –

وَأَخِي هَارُونُ هُوَ أَفْصَحُ مِنِّي لِسَانًا فَأَرْسِلْهُ مَعِيَ رِدْءًا يُصَدِّقُنِي ۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُكَذِّبُونِ  

{وأخي هارون هو أفصح مني لسانا} أبين {فأرسله معي ردْءا} معينا وفي قراءة بفتح الدال بلا همزة {يصدقْني} بالجزم جواب الدعاء وفي قراءة بالرفع وجملته صفة ردءاً {إني أخاف أن يكذبون}.
quran:28:35 –

˹Allah˺ said, "We will strengthen your arm through your brother and grant you both supremacy so they will not reach you. ˹It will be˺ through Our signs; you and those who follow you will be the predominant."  

He said, ‘We will strengthen your arm, We will make you strong, by means of your brother, and We will give authority, victory, so that they will not be able to touch ˹either of˺ you, with any evil; go both of you, with Our signs the two of you, and those who follow you ˹two˺, will be the victors’, over them.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٥ –

قَالَ سَنَشُدُّ عَضُدَكَ بِأَخِيكَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَكُمَا سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يَصِلُونَ إِلَيْكُمَا ۚ بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْتُمَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكُمَا الْغَالِبُونَ  

{قال سنشد عضدك} نقويك {بأخيك ونجعل لكما سلطاناً} غلبة {فلا يصلون إليكما} بسوء، اذهبا {بآياتنا أنتما ومن اتبعكما الغالبون} لهم.
quran:28:36 –

But when Moses came to them with Our signs as clear evidences, they said, "This is not except invented magic, and we have not heard of this ˹religion˺ among our forefathers."  

But when Moses brought them Our clear signs (bayyinātin, a circumstantial qualifier) they said, ‘This is nothing but concocted, invented, sorcery. And we never heard of such ˹a thing˺, to have ˹ever˺ existed, in, the days of, our forefathers’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٦ –

فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالُوا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُفْتَرًى وَمَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَٰذَا فِي آبَائِنَا الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{فلما جاءهم موسى بآياتنا بينات} واضحات حال {قالوا ما هذا إلا سحر مفترى} مختلق {وما سمعنا بهذا} كائنا {في} أيام {آبائنا الأولين}.
quran:28:37 –

And Moses said, "My Lord is more knowing ˹than we or you˺ of who has come with guidance from Him and to whom will be succession in the home. Indeed, wrongdoers do not succeed."  

And Moses said, (wa-qāla, or qāla, without the ‘and’) ‘My Lord knows best who brings guidance from Him (the suffixed pronoun ˹in ‘indihi˺ refers to the Lord) and whose (man here is a supplement to the previous man) will be (read takūna or yakūna) the sequel of the ˹Blissful˺ Abode, that is to say, the praiseworthy sequel in the Abode of the Hereafter, in other words, it is I ˹Moses˺, in both cases, and I speak truthfully in what I have brought ˹you˺. Truly the evildoers, the disbelievers, will not be successful’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٧ –

وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ جَاءَ بِالْهُدَىٰ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَمَنْ تَكُونُ لَهُ عَاقِبَةُ الدَّارِ ۖ إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الظَّالِمُونَ  

{وقال} بواو وبدونها {موسى ربي أعلم} عالم {بمن جاء بالهدى من عنده} الضمير للرب {ومن} عطف على من قبلها {تكون} بالفوقانية والتحتانية {له عاقبة الدار} أي العاقبة المحمودة في الدار الآخرة أي هو أنا في الشقين فأنا محق فيما جئت به {إنه لا يفلح الظالمون} الكافرون.
quran:28:38 –

And Pharaoh said, "O eminent ones, I have not known you to have a god other than me. Then ignite for me, O Haman, ˹a fire˺ upon the clay and make for me a tower that I may look at the God of Moses. And indeed, I do think he is among the liars."  

And Pharaoh said, ‘O ˹members of the˺ council, I do not know of any god for you other than me. So kindle for me, O Hāmān, ˹a fire˺ over the clay, and bake for me bricks ˹of clay˺, and make me a tower, a lofty palace, that I may take a look at the god of Moses, to observe him and inspect him; for truly I consider him to be a liar’, in his claim of ˹the existence of˺ some other god and that he is his messenger.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٨ –

وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرِي فَأَوْقِدْ لِي يَا هَامَانُ عَلَى الطِّينِ فَاجْعَلْ لِي صَرْحًا لَعَلِّي أَطَّلِعُ إِلَىٰ إِلَٰهِ مُوسَىٰ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّهُ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ  

{وقال فرعون يا أيها الملأ ما علمت لكم من إله غيري فأوقد لي يا هامان على الطين} فاطبخ لي الآجر {فاجعل لي صرحا} قصرا عاليا {لعلى أطلع إلى إله موسى} أنظر إليه وأقف عليه {وإني لأظنه من الكاذبين} في ادعائه إلها آخر وأنه رسوله.
quran:28:39 –

And he was arrogant, he and his soldiers, in the land, without right, and they thought that they would not be returned to Us.  

And he and his hosts acted arrogantly in the land, the land of Egypt, without right, and thought they would not return to Us (read active yarji‘ūna, or passive yurja‘ūna, ‘they would ˹not˺ be brought back’).
القرآن:٢٨:٣٩ –

وَاسْتَكْبَرَ هُوَ وَجُنُودُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْنَا لَا يُرْجَعُونَ  

{واستكبر هو وجنوده في الأرض} أرض مصر {بغير الحق وظنوا أنهم إلينا لا يرَجِعون} بالبناء للفاعل وللمفعول.
quran:28:40 –

So We took him and his soldiers and threw them into the sea. So see how was the end of the wrongdoers.  

So We seized him and his hosts, and flung them into the waters, the sea, and they drowned. So behold how was the sequel for the evildoers, when they ended up being destroyed.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٠ –

فَأَخَذْنَاهُ وَجُنُودَهُ فَنَبَذْنَاهُمْ فِي الْيَمِّ ۖ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فأخذناه وجنوده فنبذناهم} طرحناهم {في اليم} البحر المالح فغرقوا {فانظر كيف كان عاقبة الظالمين} حين صاروا إلى الهلاك.
quran:28:41 –

And We made them leaders inviting to the Fire, and on the Day of Resurrection they will not be helped.  

And We made them, in this world, leaders (read a-imma, pronouncing both hamzas, or by changing the second one into a yā’), chieftains of idolatry, who invite to the Fire, by inviting to idolatry, and on the Day of Resurrection they will not be helped, by having the chastisement averted from them.
القرآن:٢٨:٤١ –

وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ  

{وجعلناهم} في الدنيا {أئمة} بتحقيق الهمزتين وإبدال الثانية ياء رؤساء في الشرك {يدعون إلى النار} بدعائهم إلى الشرك {ويوم القيامة لا يُنصرون} بدفع العذاب عنهم.
quran:28:42 –

And We caused to overtake them in this world a curse, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be of the despised.  

And We made a curse, ignominy, pursue them in this world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be among the spurned, those banished ˹from God’s mercy˺.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٢ –

وَأَتْبَعْنَاهُمْ فِي هَٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَعْنَةً ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ هُمْ مِنَ الْمَقْبُوحِينَ  

{وأتبعناهم في هذه الدنيا لعنة} خزياً {ويوم القيامة هم من المقبوحين} المبعدين.
quran:28:43 –

And We gave Moses the Scripture, after We had destroyed the former generations, as enlightenment for the people and guidance and mercy that they might be reminded.  

And verily We gave Moses the Scripture, the Torah, after We had destroyed the former generations, the people of Noah, ‘Ād, Thamūd and others, ˹containing˺ eye-openers for mankind (basā’ira, is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-kitāb, ‘the Scripture’, the plural of basīra, which is the ˹perceptive˺ light of the heart), in other words, illumination for the hearts ˹of mankind˺, and as guidance, from error, for those who implement it, and mercy, for those who believe therein, that perhaps they might remember, ˹that˺ they might be admonished by the admonitions it ˹the Scripture˺ contains.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٣ –

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الْأُولَىٰ بَصَائِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ  

{ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب} التوراة {من بعد ما أهلكنا القرون الأولى} قوم نوح وعاد وثمود وغيرهم {بصائر للناس} حال من الكتاب جمع بصيرة وهي نور القلب أي أنوارا للقلوب {وهدى} من الضلالة لمن عمل به {ورحمةً} لمن آمن به {لعلهم يتذكرون} يتعظون بما فيه من المواعظ.
quran:28:44 –

And you, ˹O Muhammad˺, were not on the western side ˹of the mount˺ when We revealed to Moses the command, and you were not among the witnesses ˹to that˺.  

And you were not, O Muhammad (s), on the western side, of the mountain, the valley, or the spot, ˹to the west˺ of Moses at the time of the communion, when We decreed, revealed, to Moses the commandment, to deliver the Message to Pharaoh and his people, nor were you among the witnesses, to this, to know it and inform of it;
القرآن:٢٨:٤٤ –

وَمَا كُنْتَ بِجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ إِذْ قَضَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَمْرَ وَمَا كُنْتَ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ  

{وما كنت} يا محمد {بجانب} الجبل أو الوادي أو المكان {الغربي} من موسى حين المناجاة {إذ قضينا} أوحينا {إلى موسى الأمر} بالرسالة إلى فرعون وقومه {وما كنت من الشاهدين} لذلك فتعلمه فتخبر به.
quran:28:45 –

But We produced ˹many˺ generations ˹after Moses˺, and prolonged was their duration. And you were not a resident among the people of Madyan, reciting to them Our verses, but We were senders ˹of this message˺.  

but We brought forth generations, communities, after Moses, and life was prolonged in their case, in other words, they lived long lives and so they forgot the covenants ˹made with God˺, knowledge disappeared and revelation ceased. Then We brought you as Messenger and revealed to you the story of Moses and others. And you were not a dweller, a resident, among the people of Midian reciting to them Our revelations (tatlū ‘alayhim āyātinā, a second predicate ˹after thāwiyan, ‘dweller’), to know their story and inform of it; but truly We are the senders, of you ˹as Messenger˺ and ˹the senders˺ to you of the stories of former generations.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٥ –

وَلَٰكِنَّا أَنْشَأْنَا قُرُونًا فَتَطَاوَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعُمُرُ ۚ وَمَا كُنْتَ ثَاوِيًا فِي أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ تَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِنَا وَلَٰكِنَّا كُنَّا مُرْسِلِينَ  

{ولكنا أنشأنا قرونا} أمما من بعد موسى {فتطاول عليهم العمر} طالت أعمارهم فنسوا العهود واندرست العلوم وانقطع الوحي فجئنا بك رسولا وأوحينا إليك خبر موسى وغيره {وما كنت ثاويا} مقيما {في أهل مدين تتلو عليهم آياتنا} خبر ثان فتعرف قصتهم فتخبر بها {ولكنا كنا مرسلين} لك وإليك بأخبار المتقدمين.
quran:28:46 –

And you were not at the side of the mount when We called ˹Moses˺ but ˹were sent˺ as a mercy from your Lord to warn a people to whom no warner had come before you that they might be reminded.  

And you were not on the side of the Mount when We called out, to Moses to take the Scripture earnestly; but, We have sent you, as a mercy from your Lord, that you may warn a people to whom no warner came before you — these are the people of Mecca — and that perhaps they may remember, they may be admonished.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٦ –

وَمَا كُنْتَ بِجَانِبِ الطُّورِ إِذْ نَادَيْنَا وَلَٰكِنْ رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ لِتُنْذِرَ قَوْمًا مَا أَتَاهُمْ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ  

{وما كنت بجانب الطور} الجبل {إذ} حين {نادينا} موسى أن خذ الكتاب بقوة {ولكن} أرسلناك {رحمة من ربك لتنذر قوماً ما أتاهم من نذير من قبلك} وهم أهل مكة {لعلهم يتذكرون} يتعظون.
quran:28:47 –

And if not that a disaster should strike them for what their hands put forth ˹of sins˺ and they would say, "Our Lord, why did You not send us a messenger so we could have followed Your verses and been among the believers?"...  

Otherwise, if an affliction, a punishment, should befall them because of what their own hands have sent before them, in the way of disbelief and otherwise, they might say, ‘Our Lord, why did You not send a messenger to us, that we might have followed Your signs, the ones sent with the messengers, and been of the believers?’ (the response to ˹the conditional particle˺ lawlā, ‘if’, has been omitted, and what follows it is a ˹new˺ subject; the meaning is: ‘were it not for the affliction that is the cause of their saying’, or, ‘were it not for their saying that is the cause of their affliction, We would have hastened on for them their punishment and We would not have sent you as a messenger to them’).
القرآن:٢٨:٤٧ –

وَلَوْلَا أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَيَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَوْلَا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا فَنَتَّبِعَ آيَاتِكَ وَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{ولولا أن تصيبهم مصيبة} عقوبة {بما قدمت أيديهم} من الكفر وغيره {فيقولوا ربنا لولا} هلا {أرسلت إلينا رسولا فنتبع آياتك} المرسل بها {ونكون من المؤمنين} وجواب لولا محذوف وما بعده مبتدأ، والمعنى لولا الإصابة المسبب عنها قولهم أو لولا قولهم المسبب عنها لعاجلناهم بالعقوبة ولما أرسلناك إليهم رسولا.
quran:28:48 –

But when the truth came to them from Us, they said, "Why was he not given like that which was given to Moses?" Did they not disbelieve in that which was given to Moses before? They said, "˹They are but˺ two works of magic supporting each other, and indeed we are, in both, disbelievers."  

But when the truth, namely, Muhammad (s), came to them from Us, they said, ‘Why has he not been given the like of what Moses was given?’, in the way of signs, such as the glowing hand, the staff and others, or ˹by having˺ the Book revealed all at once. God, exalted be He, says: And did they not disbelieve in what was given to Moses before?; ˹before˺ when, they said, regarding him and Muhammad (s), ‘Two sorcerers (sāhirān; a variant reading has sihrān, ‘two sorceries’, namely ˹what they said regarding˺ the Qur’ān and the Torah) abetting each other.’ And they said, ‘We indeed disbelieve in both’, the two prophets and the two Scriptures ˹of Moses and Muhammad˺.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٨ –

فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا قَالُوا لَوْلَا أُوتِيَ مِثْلَ مَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ ۚ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ قَالُوا سِحْرَانِ تَظَاهَرَا وَقَالُوا إِنَّا بِكُلٍّ كَافِرُونَ  

{فلما جاءهم الحق} محمد {من عندنا قالوا لولا} هلا {أوتي مثل ما أوتي موسى} من الآيات كاليد البيضاء والعصا وغيرهما أو الكتاب جملة واحدة قال تعالى {أوَ لم يكفروا بما أوتيَ موسى من قبل} حيث {قالوا} فيه وفي محمد {ساحران} وفي قراءة سحران أي القرآن والتوراة {تظاهراً} تعاوناً {وقالوا إنا بكل} من النبيين والكتابين {كافرون}.
quran:28:49 –

Say, "Then bring a scripture from Allah which is more guiding than either of them that I may follow it, if you should be truthful."  

Say, to them: ‘Then bring some Scripture from God that is better in guidance than these two, Scriptures, that I may follow it, if you are truthful’, in what you say.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٩ –

قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْهُمَا أَتَّبِعْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ  

{قل} لهم {فأتوا بكتاب من عند الله هو أهدى منهما} من الكتابين {أتَّبعه إن كنتم صادقين} في قولكم.
quran:28:50 –

But if they do not respond to you - then know that they only follow their ˹own˺ desires. And who is more astray than one who follows his desire without guidance from Allah? Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.  

Then if they do not respond to you, regarding your invitation ˹to them˺ to bring a Scripture, know that they are only following their desires, in ˹persisting in˺ their disbelief. And who is more astray than he who follows his desire without any guidance from God?, in other words, there is no one more astray than such ˹a person˺. Truly God does not guide the evildoing, the disbelieving, folk.
القرآن:٢٨:٥٠ –

فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هُدًى مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فإن لم يستجيبوا لك} دعاءك بالإتيان بكتاب {فاعلم أنما يتبعون أهواءهم} في كفرهم {ومن أضل ممن اتبع هواه بغير هدىً من الله} أي لا أضل منه {إن الله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين} الكافرين.