28. Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ

٢٨۔ سُورَةُ القَصَص

28.3 Moses's youth, his folly of killing a man, and his escape from Pharaoh's retribution.

٢٨۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ القَصَص

quran:28:14

And when he attained his full strength and was ˹mentally˺ mature, We bestowed upon him judgement and knowledge. And thus do We reward the doers of good.  

And when he came of age, namely, at 30 or 33, and ˹then˺ was ˹fully˺ mature, that is, when he reached the age of 40, We gave him judgement, wisdom, and knowledge, comprehension of religious matters before he was sent as a prophet. And so, just as We rewarded him, do We reward those are virtuous, to their own souls.
القرآن:٢٨:١٤

وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَاسْتَوَىٰ آتَيْنَاهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{ولما بلغ أشده} وهو ثلاثون سنة أو وثلاث {واستوى} أي بلغ أربعين سنة {آتيناه حكماً} حكمة {وعلماً} فقهاً في الدين قبل أن يبعث نبياً {وكذلك} كما جزيناه {نجزي المحسنين} لأنفسهم.
quran:28:15

And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its people and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help to him against the one from his enemy, so Moses struck him and ˹unintentionally˺ killed him. ˹Moses˺ said, "This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."  

And he, Moses, entered the city, Pharaoh’s city, Memphis, having been absent from it for a while, at a time when its people were oblivious, the time of the afternoon nap, and found therein two men fighting, one of his own faction, namely, an Israelite, and the other of his enemies, in other words, an Egyptian, who was exploiting an Israelite to carry firewood to Pharaoh’s kitchen. So the one who was of his faction called to him for help against the one who was of his enemies, and so Moses said to him, ‘Leave him be!’, and it is said that he replied to Moses ˹thus˺: ‘I am truly considering making you carry this ˹firewood˺!’. So Moses punched him, that is, he hit him with his fist clenched — he ˹Moses˺ was a strong man with a powerful strike, and did away with him, that is, he killed him, but he had not intended to kill him. He buried him in the sand. He said, ‘This, killing of him, is of Satan’s doing, inciting my anger. Indeed he is an enemy, to the son of Adam, a manifest misleader’, of him.
القرآن:٢٨:١٥

وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِنْ شِيعَتِهِ وَهَٰذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ ۖ فَاسْتَغَاثَهُ الَّذِي مِنْ شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۖ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُضِلٌّ مُبِينٌ  

{ودخل} موسى {المدينة} مدينة فرعون وهي منف بعد أن غاب عنه مدة {على حين غفلة من أهلها} وقت القيلولة {فوجد فيها رجلين يقتتلان هذا من شيعته} أي إسرائيلي {وهذا من عدوه} أي قبطي يسخر إسرائيلياً ليحمل حطباً إلى مطبخ فرعون {فاستغاثه الذي من شيعته على الذي من عدوه} فقال له موسى خلِّ سبيله فقيل إنه قال لموسى لقد هممت أن أحمله عليك {فوكزه موسى} أي ضربه بجمع كفه وكان شديد القوة والبطش {فقضى عليه} قتله ولم يكن يقصد قتله ودفنه في الرمل {قال هذا} قتله {من عمل الشيطان} المهيج غضبي {إنه عدو} لابن آدم {مضل} له {مبين} بيّن الإضلال.
quran:28:16

He said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me," and He forgave him. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.  

He said, remorsefully, ‘My Lord, I have indeed wronged myself, by killing him, so forgive me!’ So He forgave him. Truly He is the Forgiving, the Merciful, that is to say, the One Who has always possessed, and will always possess, these two attributes.
القرآن:٢٨:١٦

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي فَغَفَرَ لَهُ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ  

{قال} نادماً {رب إني ظلمت نفسي} بقتله {فاغفر لي فغفر له إنه هو الغفور الرحيم} أي المتصف بهما أزلاً وأبداً.
quran:28:17

He said, "My Lord, for the favor You bestowed upon me, I will never be an assistant to the criminals."  

He said, ‘My Lord, forasmuch as You have been gracious to me, with forgiveness, protect me ˹so˺, I will never be a partisan, a supporter, of the criminals’, the disbelievers henceforth, if you were to protect me.
القرآن:٢٨:١٧

قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَا أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرًا لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ  

{قال رب بما أنعمت} بحق إنعامك {عليَّ} بالمغفرة اعصمني {فلن أكون ظهيراً} عوناً {للمجرمين} الكافرين بعد هذه إن عصمتني.
quran:28:18

And he became inside the city fearful and anticipating ˹exposure˺, when suddenly the one who sought his help the previous day cried out to him ˹once again˺. Moses said to him, "Indeed, you are an evident, ˹persistent˺ deviator."  

In the morning he was in the city, fearful, vigilant, waiting to see what would happen to him ˹in reaction˺ from the side of the slain man; — when behold, the one who had sought his help the day before cried out to him for help ˹again˺, asking for his help against another Egyptian. Moses said to him, ‘Clearly you are a trouble-maker!’, whose trouble-making is evident, judging by what you did yesterday and today.
القرآن:٢٨:١٨

فَأَصْبَحَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي اسْتَنْصَرَهُ بِالْأَمْسِ يَسْتَصْرِخُهُ ۚ قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَىٰ إِنَّكَ لَغَوِيٌّ مُبِينٌ  

{فأصبح في المدينة خائفاً يترقب} ينتظر ما يناله من جهة أهل القتيل {فإذا الذي استنصره بالأمس يستصرخه} يستغيث به على قبطيٍّ آخر {قال له موسى إنك لغوي مبين} بيّن الغواية لما فعلته بالأمس واليوم.
quran:28:19

And when he wanted to strike the one who was an enemy to both of them, he said, "O Moses, do you intend to kill me as you killed someone yesterday? You only want to be a tyrant in the land and do not want to be of the amenders."  

But when (fa-lammā an: an is extra) he was about to strike the man who was an enemy to both of them, to Moses and the one seeking his help, he, the one seeking help, supposing that Moses was about to strike him, because of what he ˹Moses˺ had said to him, said: ‘O Moses, do you want to slay me just as you slew a soul yesterday? You merely want to be a tyrant in the land, and you do not want to be of the reformers’. The Egyptian heard this and realised that the slayer had been Moses. Thus he hurried off to Pharaoh to inform him of this. Pharaoh then ordered slaughterers to slay Moses, and they set off in his direction.
القرآن:٢٨:١٩

فَلَمَّا أَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْطِشَ بِالَّذِي هُوَ عَدُوٌّ لَهُمَا قَالَ يَا مُوسَىٰ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَقْتُلَنِي كَمَا قَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا بِالْأَمْسِ ۖ إِنْ تُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ جَبَّارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِينَ  

{فلما أن} زائدة {أراد أن يبطش بالذي هو عدو لهما} لموسى والمستغيث به {قال} المستغيث ظاناً أنه يبطش به لما قال له {يا موسى أتريد أن تقتلني كما قتلت نفساً بالأمس إن} ما {تريد إلا أن تكون جباراً في الأرض وما تريد أن تكون من المصلحين} فسمع القبطي ذلك فعلم أن القاتل موسى فانطلق إلى فرعون فأخبره بذلك فأمر فرعون الذباحين بقتل موسى فأخذوا في الطريق إليه.
quran:28:20

And a man came from the farthest end of the city, running. He said, "O Moses, indeed the eminent ones are conferring over you ˹intending˺ to kill you, so leave ˹the city˺; indeed, I am to you of the sincere advisors."  

And a man, who was the ˹only˺ believer among Pharaoh’s kinsfolk, came from the outskirts of the city, hastening, walking fast, via a route quicker than theirs. He said, ‘O Moses, lo! the council, of Pharaoh’s folk, are conspiring, discussing ˹the means˺, to slay you. So leave, the city. Truly I am speaking to you in good faith’, in bidding you to leave.
القرآن:٢٨:٢٠

وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ يَسْعَىٰ قَالَ يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلُوكَ فَاخْرُجْ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ  

{وجاء رجل} هو مؤمن آل فرعون {من أقصا المدينة} آخرها {يسعى} يسرع في مشيه من طريق أقرب من طريقهم {قال يا موسى إن الملأَ} من قوم فرعون {يأتمرون بك} يتشاورون فيك {ليقتلوك فاخرج} من المدينة {إني لك من الناصحين} في الأمر بالخروج.
quran:28:21

So he left it, fearful and anticipating ˹apprehension˺. He said, "My Lord, save me from the wrongdoing people."  

So he departed from it, fearful, vigilant, lest any of the pursuers catch up with him, or ˹in the hope˺ that God might rescue him. He said, ‘My Lord, deliver me from the evildoing people’, Pharaoh’s people.
القرآن:٢٨:٢١

فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ ۖ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فخرج منها خائفاً يترقب} لحوق طالب أو غوث الله إياه {قال رب نجني من القوم الظالمين} قوم فرعون.