28. Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ

٢٨۔ سُورَةُ القَصَص

28.2 Pharaoh plotted to kill the sons of the Israelites to save his kingship, while God planned to bring up one of them in Pharaoh's own household.

٢٨۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ القَصَص

quran:28:4

Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a sector among them, slaughtering their ˹newborn˺ sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters.  

Truly Pharaoh had exalted himself in the land, the land of Egypt, and reduced its people into sects, groups, to serve him, oppressing a group of them, namely, the Children of Israel, slaughtering their sons, the newborn, and sparing their women, keeping them alive — for some of the ˹Egyptian˺ priests had told him, ‘A new-born of the Children of Israel shall bring about the end of your kingdom’. Indeed he was of those who cause corruption, through ˹the use of˺ slaughter and otherwise.
القرآن:٢٨:٤

إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَجَعَلَ أَهْلَهَا شِيَعًا يَسْتَضْعِفُ طَائِفَةً مِنْهُمْ يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيِي نِسَاءَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ  

{إن فرعون علا} تعظم {في الأرض} أرض مصر {وجعل أهلها شيعاً} فرقاً في خدمته {يستضعف طائفة منهم} هم بنو إسرائيل {يذِّبح أبناءهم} المولودين {ويستحيي نساءَهم} يستبقيهن أحياء لقول بعض الكهنة له: إن مولوداً يولد في بني إسرائيل يكون سبب زوال ملكك {إنه كان من المفسدين} بالقتل وغيره.
quran:28:5

And We wanted to confer favor upon those who were oppressed in the land and make them leaders and make them inheritors  

And We desired to show favour to those who were oppressed in the land, and to make them exemplars (read a’immatan, pronouncing both hamzas, or by replacing the second one with a yā’) whose good example would be followed, and to make them the inheritors, of Pharaoh’s kingdom;
القرآن:٢٨:٥

وَنُرِيدُ أَنْ نَمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ  

{ونريد أن نمن على الذين استضعفوا في الأرض ونجعلهم أئمة} بتحقيق الهمزتين وإبدال الثانية ياء يقتدى بهم في الخير {ونجعلهم الوارثين} ملك فرعون.
quran:28:6

And establish them in the land and show Pharaoh and ˹his minister˺ Haman and their soldiers through them that which they had feared.  

and to establish them in the land, the land of Egypt and Syria, and to show Pharaoh and Hāmān and their hosts (a variant reading has wa-yarā Fir‘awnu wa-Hāmānu wa-junūduhumā, ‘so that Pharaoh and Hāmān and their hosts might see’, with all three ˹nouns˺ in the nominative) from them that of which they were apprehensive, ˹that which˺ they feared of the new-born ˹Israelite˺ who would bring about the end of their kingdom.
القرآن:٢٨:٦

وَنُمَكِّنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنُرِيَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا مِنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَحْذَرُونَ  

{ونمكن لهم في الأرض} أرض مصر والشام {ونريَ فرعون وهامان وجنودهما} وفي قراءة ويرى بفتح التحتانية والراء ورفع الأسماء الثلاثة {منهم ما كانوا يحذرون} يخافون من المولود الذي يذهب ملكهم على يديه.
quran:28:7

And We inspired to the mother of Moses, "Suckle him; but when you fear for him, cast him into the river and do not fear and do not grieve. Indeed, We will return him to you and will make him ˹one˺ of the messengers."  

And We revealed, by inspiration or in a dream, to the mother of Moses — who was the said new-born; his sister was the only other person aware of his birth — ‘Suckle him, then, when you fear for him, cast him into the waters, namely, the Nile, and do not fear, that he should drown, or grieve, for being separated from him, for We will restore him to you and make him one of the messengers’. She suckled him for three months during which he never cried. She then began to fear for him and so she placed him in a basket coated with pitch and made as a cradle for him on the inside. She then closed it and cast it into the waters of the Nile at night.
القرآن:٢٨:٧

وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَرْضِعِيهِ ۖ فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ وَلَا تَخَافِي وَلَا تَحْزَنِي ۖ إِنَّا رَادُّوهُ إِلَيْكِ وَجَاعِلُوهُ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ  

{وأوحينا} وحي إلهام أو منام {إلى أم موسى} وهو المولود المذكور ولم يشعر بولادته غير أخته {أن أرضعيه فإذا خفت عليه فألقيه في اليم} البحر أي النيل {ولا تخافي} غرقه {ولا تحزني} لفراقه {إنا رادوه إليك وجاعلوه من المرسلين} فأرضعته ثلاثة أشهر لا يبكي وخافت عليه فوضعته في تابوت مطليٍّ بالقار من داخل ممهد له فيه وأغلقته وألقته في بحر النيل ليلاً.
quran:28:8

And the family of Pharaoh picked him up ˹out of the river˺ so that he would become to them an enemy and a ˹cause of˺ grief. Indeed, Pharaoh and Haman and their soldiers were deliberate sinners.  

Then Pharaoh’s folk, aids, picked him up, with him ˹still˺ in the basket, the morning following that night — it was placed him in front of him ˹Pharaoh˺ and then opened and Moses was brought out of it, sucking milk from his thumb — to be, at the end of the affair, an enemy, slaying their menfolk, and a ˹cause of˺ grief to them, enslaving their womenfolk (a variant reading ˹for hazanan˺ is huznan, both of which are alternative forms of the verbal noun, and it functions as an active participle, derived from hazanahu, which is like ahzanahu, ‘he caused him grief’). Truly Pharaoh and, his minister, Hāmān, and their hosts were sinners, that is, disobedient, and so they were punished at his ˹Moses’s˺ hands.
القرآن:٢٨:٨

فَالْتَقَطَهُ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ عَدُوًّا وَحَزَنًا ۗ إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا كَانُوا خَاطِئِينَ  

{فالتقطه} بالتابوت صبيحة الليل {آل} أعوان {فرعون} فوضعوه بين يديه وفتح وأخرج موسى منه وهو يمص من إبهامه لبناً {ليكون لهم} في عاقبة الأمر {عدواً} يقتل رجالهم {وحزناً} يستعبد نساءهم وفي قراءة بضم الحاء وسكون الزاي لغتان في المصدر وهو هنا بمعنى اسم الفاعل من حزنه كأحزنه {إن فرعون وهامان}. وزيره {وجنودهما كانوا خاطئين} من الخطيئة أي عاصين فعوقبوا على يديه.
quran:28:9

And the wife of Pharaoh said, "˹He will be˺ a comfort of the eye for me and for you. Do not kill him; perhaps he may benefit us, or we may adopt him as a son." And they perceived not.  

And Pharaoh’s wife said, after he and his aids had resolved to slay him: he is, ‘A joyous sight for me and you. Do not slay him. Perhaps he will be of benefit to us, or we will adopt him as a son’, and so they obeyed her ˹wish˺. And they were not aware, of the sequel to their affair with him.
القرآن:٢٨:٩

وَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُ فِرْعَوْنَ قُرَّتُ عَيْنٍ لِي وَلَكَ ۖ لَا تَقْتُلُوهُ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَنْفَعَنَا أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَدًا وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{وقالت امرأة فرعون} وقد هم مع أعوانه بقتله هو {قرت عين لي ولك لا تقتلوه عسى أن ينفعنا أو نتخذه ولداً} فأطاعوها {وهو لا يشعرون} بعاقبة أمرهم معه.
quran:28:10

And the heart of Moses' mother became empty ˹of all else˺. She was about to disclose ˹the matter concerning˺ him had We not bound fast her heart that she would be of the believers.  

And the heart of Moses’s mother, when she found out that they had picked him up, became empty, of everything other than him. Indeed (in, softened from the hardened form, its subject omitted, in other words ˹understand it as˺ innaha) she was about to expose him, that is, as being her son, had We not fortified her heart, with patience, that is, We made it at peace, that she might be of the believers, ˹of˺ those who have faith in God’s promise (the response to ˹the conditional˺ lawlā, ‘had … not’, is given by the preceding ˹statement˺).
القرآن:٢٨:١٠

وَأَصْبَحَ فُؤَادُ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ فَارِغًا ۖ إِنْ كَادَتْ لَتُبْدِي بِهِ لَوْلَا أَنْ رَبَطْنَا عَلَىٰ قَلْبِهَا لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{وأصبح فؤاد أم موسى} لما علمت بالتقاطه {فارغاً} مما سواه. {إن} مخففة من الثقيلة واسمها محذوف أي إنها {كادت لتبدي به} أي بأنه ابنها {لولا أن ربطنا على قلبها} بالصبر أي سكناه {لتكون من المؤمنين} المصدقين بوعد الله وجواب لولا دل عليه ما قبله.
quran:28:11

And she said to his sister, "Follow him"; so she watched him from a distance while they perceived not.  

And she said to his sister, Mary, ‘Follow him’, in other words, follow where he goes in order to find out his news. So she watched him from afar, from a distance, secretly, while they were not aware, that she was his sister, or that she was ˹even˺ watching him.
القرآن:٢٨:١١

وَقَالَتْ لِأُخْتِهِ قُصِّيهِ ۖ فَبَصُرَتْ بِهِ عَنْ جُنُبٍ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{وقالت لأخته} مريم {قصيه} اتبعي أثره حتى تعلمي خبره {فبصرت به} أبصرته {عن جُنُب} من مكان بعيد اختلاساً {وهم لا يشعرون} أنها أخته وأنها ترقبه.
quran:28:12

And We had prevented from him ˹all˺ wet nurses before, so she said, "Shall I direct you to a household that will be responsible for him for you while they are to him ˹for his upbringing˺ sincere?"  

And We had forbidden him to ˹take to the breasts of˺ fostermothers from before, that is to say, we prevented him from taking to the breasts of any suckling mother other than his own mother. Therefore he would not accept the breasts of any of the foster-mothers brought for him. So she, his sister, said, ‘Shall I show you a household — having seen their affection for him — who will take care of him for you, by having him suckled and so on, and who will act in good faith towards him?’ (the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun in lahu has been interpreted as referring to the king, as a response to them ˹when they asked Mary how she could be sure˺). Her suggestion was accepted. So she brought his mother and he took to her breast. She explained to them that he had taken to her ˹breast˺ because of her pleasant scent and the wholesome taste of her milk. Permission was given to her to breast-feed him in her own house and so she returned with him, just as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٢٨:١٢

وَحَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَرَاضِعَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَقَالَتْ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ يَكْفُلُونَهُ لَكُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ نَاصِحُونَ  

{وحرمنا عليه المراضع من قبل} أي قبل رده إلى أمه أي منعناه من قبول ثدي مرضعة غير أمه فلم يقبل ثدي واحدة من المراضع المحضرة له {فقالت} أخته {هل أدلكم على أهل بيت} لما رأت حنوهم عليه {يكفلونه لكم} بالإرضاع وغيره {وهم له ناصحون} وفسرت ضمير له بالملك جواباً لهم فأجيبت فجاءت بأمه فقبل ثديها وأجابتهم عن قبوله بأنها طيبة الريح طيبة اللبن فأذن لها في إرضاعه في بيتها فرجعت به كما قال تعالى:
quran:28:13

So We restored him to his mother that she might be content and not grieve and that she would know that the promise of Allah is true. But most of the people do not know.  

Thus We restored him to his mother so that her eyes might delight, in seeing him ˹again˺, and not grieve, thereat, and that she might know that God’s promise, to restore him to her, is true; but most of them, that is, the people, do not know, about this promise, or of the fact that this was his sister and the other was his mother. He ˹Moses˺ remained with her until he was weaned during which time she was paid wages at one dinar per day. She took this because it was money from enemy territory (harbī). She then brought him ˹back˺ to Pharaoh in whose household he was raised, as God recounts of him in sūrat al-Shu‘arā’ ˹Q. 26:18˺, Did we not rear you among us as a child, and did you not stay with us for years of your life?
القرآن:٢٨:١٣

فَرَدَدْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ أُمِّهِ كَيْ تَقَرَّ عَيْنُهَا وَلَا تَحْزَنَ وَلِتَعْلَمَ أَنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{فرددناه إلى أمه كي تقر عينها} بلقائه {ولا تحزن} حينئذ {ولتعلم أن وعد الله} برده إليها {حق ولكن أكثرهم} أي الناس {لا يعلمون} بهذا الوعد ولا بأن هذه أخته وهذه أمه فمكث عندها إلى أن فطمته وأجرى عليها أجرتها لكل يوم دينار وأخذتها لأنها مال حربي فأتت به فرعون فتربى عنده كما قال تعالى حكاية عنه في سورة الشعراء {ألم نربِّك فينا وليداً ولبثت فينا من عمرك سنين}