28. Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ

٢٨۔ سُورَةُ القَصَص

28.7 Information about the destruction of prior generations is given to teach a lesson.

٢٨۔٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ القَصَص

quran:28:43

And We gave Moses the Scripture, after We had destroyed the former generations, as enlightenment for the people and guidance and mercy that they might be reminded.  

And verily We gave Moses the Scripture, the Torah, after We had destroyed the former generations, the people of Noah, ‘Ād, Thamūd and others, ˹containing˺ eye-openers for mankind (basā’ira, is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-kitāb, ‘the Scripture’, the plural of basīra, which is the ˹perceptive˺ light of the heart), in other words, illumination for the hearts ˹of mankind˺, and as guidance, from error, for those who implement it, and mercy, for those who believe therein, that perhaps they might remember, ˹that˺ they might be admonished by the admonitions it ˹the Scripture˺ contains.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٣

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الْأُولَىٰ بَصَائِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ  

{ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب} التوراة {من بعد ما أهلكنا القرون الأولى} قوم نوح وعاد وثمود وغيرهم {بصائر للناس} حال من الكتاب جمع بصيرة وهي نور القلب أي أنوارا للقلوب {وهدى} من الضلالة لمن عمل به {ورحمةً} لمن آمن به {لعلهم يتذكرون} يتعظون بما فيه من المواعظ.
quran:28:44

And you, ˹O Muhammad˺, were not on the western side ˹of the mount˺ when We revealed to Moses the command, and you were not among the witnesses ˹to that˺.  

And you were not, O Muhammad (s), on the western side, of the mountain, the valley, or the spot, ˹to the west˺ of Moses at the time of the communion, when We decreed, revealed, to Moses the commandment, to deliver the Message to Pharaoh and his people, nor were you among the witnesses, to this, to know it and inform of it;
القرآن:٢٨:٤٤

وَمَا كُنْتَ بِجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ إِذْ قَضَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَمْرَ وَمَا كُنْتَ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ  

{وما كنت} يا محمد {بجانب} الجبل أو الوادي أو المكان {الغربي} من موسى حين المناجاة {إذ قضينا} أوحينا {إلى موسى الأمر} بالرسالة إلى فرعون وقومه {وما كنت من الشاهدين} لذلك فتعلمه فتخبر به.
quran:28:45

But We produced ˹many˺ generations ˹after Moses˺, and prolonged was their duration. And you were not a resident among the people of Madyan, reciting to them Our verses, but We were senders ˹of this message˺.  

but We brought forth generations, communities, after Moses, and life was prolonged in their case, in other words, they lived long lives and so they forgot the covenants ˹made with God˺, knowledge disappeared and revelation ceased. Then We brought you as Messenger and revealed to you the story of Moses and others. And you were not a dweller, a resident, among the people of Midian reciting to them Our revelations (tatlū ‘alayhim āyātinā, a second predicate ˹after thāwiyan, ‘dweller’), to know their story and inform of it; but truly We are the senders, of you ˹as Messenger˺ and ˹the senders˺ to you of the stories of former generations.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٥

وَلَٰكِنَّا أَنْشَأْنَا قُرُونًا فَتَطَاوَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعُمُرُ ۚ وَمَا كُنْتَ ثَاوِيًا فِي أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ تَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِنَا وَلَٰكِنَّا كُنَّا مُرْسِلِينَ  

{ولكنا أنشأنا قرونا} أمما من بعد موسى {فتطاول عليهم العمر} طالت أعمارهم فنسوا العهود واندرست العلوم وانقطع الوحي فجئنا بك رسولا وأوحينا إليك خبر موسى وغيره {وما كنت ثاويا} مقيما {في أهل مدين تتلو عليهم آياتنا} خبر ثان فتعرف قصتهم فتخبر بها {ولكنا كنا مرسلين} لك وإليك بأخبار المتقدمين.
quran:28:46

And you were not at the side of the mount when We called ˹Moses˺ but ˹were sent˺ as a mercy from your Lord to warn a people to whom no warner had come before you that they might be reminded.  

And you were not on the side of the Mount when We called out, to Moses to take the Scripture earnestly; but, We have sent you, as a mercy from your Lord, that you may warn a people to whom no warner came before you — these are the people of Mecca — and that perhaps they may remember, they may be admonished.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٦

وَمَا كُنْتَ بِجَانِبِ الطُّورِ إِذْ نَادَيْنَا وَلَٰكِنْ رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ لِتُنْذِرَ قَوْمًا مَا أَتَاهُمْ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ  

{وما كنت بجانب الطور} الجبل {إذ} حين {نادينا} موسى أن خذ الكتاب بقوة {ولكن} أرسلناك {رحمة من ربك لتنذر قوماً ما أتاهم من نذير من قبلك} وهم أهل مكة {لعلهم يتذكرون} يتعظون.
quran:28:47

And if not that a disaster should strike them for what their hands put forth ˹of sins˺ and they would say, "Our Lord, why did You not send us a messenger so we could have followed Your verses and been among the believers?"...  

Otherwise, if an affliction, a punishment, should befall them because of what their own hands have sent before them, in the way of disbelief and otherwise, they might say, ‘Our Lord, why did You not send a messenger to us, that we might have followed Your signs, the ones sent with the messengers, and been of the believers?’ (the response to ˹the conditional particle˺ lawlā, ‘if’, has been omitted, and what follows it is a ˹new˺ subject; the meaning is: ‘were it not for the affliction that is the cause of their saying’, or, ‘were it not for their saying that is the cause of their affliction, We would have hastened on for them their punishment and We would not have sent you as a messenger to them’).
القرآن:٢٨:٤٧

وَلَوْلَا أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَيَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا لَوْلَا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا فَنَتَّبِعَ آيَاتِكَ وَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{ولولا أن تصيبهم مصيبة} عقوبة {بما قدمت أيديهم} من الكفر وغيره {فيقولوا ربنا لولا} هلا {أرسلت إلينا رسولا فنتبع آياتك} المرسل بها {ونكون من المؤمنين} وجواب لولا محذوف وما بعده مبتدأ، والمعنى لولا الإصابة المسبب عنها قولهم أو لولا قولهم المسبب عنها لعاجلناهم بالعقوبة ولما أرسلناك إليهم رسولا.
quran:28:48

But when the truth came to them from Us, they said, "Why was he not given like that which was given to Moses?" Did they not disbelieve in that which was given to Moses before? They said, "˹They are but˺ two works of magic supporting each other, and indeed we are, in both, disbelievers."  

But when the truth, namely, Muhammad (s), came to them from Us, they said, ‘Why has he not been given the like of what Moses was given?’, in the way of signs, such as the glowing hand, the staff and others, or ˹by having˺ the Book revealed all at once. God, exalted be He, says: And did they not disbelieve in what was given to Moses before?; ˹before˺ when, they said, regarding him and Muhammad (s), ‘Two sorcerers (sāhirān; a variant reading has sihrān, ‘two sorceries’, namely ˹what they said regarding˺ the Qur’ān and the Torah) abetting each other.’ And they said, ‘We indeed disbelieve in both’, the two prophets and the two Scriptures ˹of Moses and Muhammad˺.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٨

فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا قَالُوا لَوْلَا أُوتِيَ مِثْلَ مَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ ۚ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ قَالُوا سِحْرَانِ تَظَاهَرَا وَقَالُوا إِنَّا بِكُلٍّ كَافِرُونَ  

{فلما جاءهم الحق} محمد {من عندنا قالوا لولا} هلا {أوتي مثل ما أوتي موسى} من الآيات كاليد البيضاء والعصا وغيرهما أو الكتاب جملة واحدة قال تعالى {أوَ لم يكفروا بما أوتيَ موسى من قبل} حيث {قالوا} فيه وفي محمد {ساحران} وفي قراءة سحران أي القرآن والتوراة {تظاهراً} تعاوناً {وقالوا إنا بكل} من النبيين والكتابين {كافرون}.
quran:28:49

Say, "Then bring a scripture from Allah which is more guiding than either of them that I may follow it, if you should be truthful."  

Say, to them: ‘Then bring some Scripture from God that is better in guidance than these two, Scriptures, that I may follow it, if you are truthful’, in what you say.
القرآن:٢٨:٤٩

قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْهُمَا أَتَّبِعْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ  

{قل} لهم {فأتوا بكتاب من عند الله هو أهدى منهما} من الكتابين {أتَّبعه إن كنتم صادقين} في قولكم.
quran:28:50

But if they do not respond to you - then know that they only follow their ˹own˺ desires. And who is more astray than one who follows his desire without guidance from Allah? Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.  

Then if they do not respond to you, regarding your invitation ˹to them˺ to bring a Scripture, know that they are only following their desires, in ˹persisting in˺ their disbelief. And who is more astray than he who follows his desire without any guidance from God?, in other words, there is no one more astray than such ˹a person˺. Truly God does not guide the evildoing, the disbelieving, folk.
القرآن:٢٨:٥٠

فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هُدًى مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فإن لم يستجيبوا لك} دعاءك بالإتيان بكتاب {فاعلم أنما يتبعون أهواءهم} في كفرهم {ومن أضل ممن اتبع هواه بغير هدىً من الله} أي لا أضل منه {إن الله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين} الكافرين.