28. Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ

٢٨۔ سُورَةُ القَصَص

28.5 His arrival at Mount Sinai, seeing a fire, conversation with God, his appointment as a Messenger to Pharaoh and his chiefs.

٢٨۔٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ القَصَص

quran:28:29

And when Moses had completed the term and was traveling with his family, he perceived from the direction of the mount a fire. He said to his family, "Stay here; indeed, I have perceived a fire. Perhaps I will bring you from there ˹some˺ information or burning wood from the fire that you may warm yourselves."  

So when Moses had completed the term, of his tending — of eight years, or of ten years, which is what is generally assumed — and was travelling with his family, his wife, with the permission of her father, in the direction of Egypt, he saw in the distance on the side of the Mount ˹Tūr˺ a fire (al-Tūr is the name of a mountain). He said to his family, ‘Wait, here; I see a fire in the distance. Maybe I will bring you from it news, about ˹how to rejoin˺ the route ˹to Egypt˺ — for he had strayed from it ˹along the way˺ — or a brand (read with any of the three vowels ˹jadhwa, jidhwa, or judhwa˺, which ˹either˺ means ‘a bundle’, or ‘a flame’) from the fire, that you may warm yourselves’ (tastalūna: the tā’ replaces the tā’ of the ˹8th verbal paradigm˺ ifta‘ala of the verb saliya, or salaya).
القرآن:٢٨:٢٩

فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِ آنَسَ مِنْ جَانِبِ الطُّورِ نَارًا قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ امْكُثُوا إِنِّي آنَسْتُ نَارًا لَعَلِّي آتِيكُمْ مِنْهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوْ جَذْوَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَصْطَلُونَ  

{فلما قضى موسى الأجل} أي رعيه وهو ثمان أو عشر سنين وهو المظنون به {وسار بأهله} زوجته بإذن أبيها نحو مصر {آنس} أبصر من بعيد {من جانب الطور} اسم جبل {ناراً قال لأهله امكثوا} هنا {إني آنست ناراً لعلي آتيكم منها بخبر} عن الطريق وكان قد أخطئها {أو جذوة} بتثليث الجيم قطعة وشعلة {من النار لعلكم تصطلون} تستدفئون والطاء بدل من تاء الافتعال من صلي بالنار بكسر اللام وفتحها.
quran:28:30

But when he came to it, he was called from the right side of the valley in a blessed spot - from the tree, "O Moses, indeed I am Allah, Lord of the worlds."  

And when he reached it, a call came from the right bank, ˹the right˺ side, of the valley, to Moses, at the blessed spot, ˹blessed˺ for Moses, because of his hearing God’s speech therein, from the tree (mina’lshajarati substitutes for min shāti’i, ‘from the ˹right˺ bank’, and the preposition ˹min, ‘from’˺ has been repeated because it ˹the tree˺ grows there) — the tree was a jujube, a bramble, or a boxthorn — ˹saying˺ that (an here is explicative, and not in its softened form) ‘O Moses! Indeed I am God, the Lord of the Worlds’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٠

فَلَمَّا أَتَاهَا نُودِيَ مِنْ شَاطِئِ الْوَادِ الْأَيْمَنِ فِي الْبُقْعَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ أَنْ يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{فلما أتاها نودي من شاطئ} جانب {الواد الأيمن} لموسى {في البقعة المباركة} لموسى لسماعه كلام الله فيها {من الشجرة} بدل من شاطئ بإعادة الجار لنباتها فيه وهي شجرة عناب أو عليق أو عوسج {أن} مفسرة لا مخففة {يا موسى إني أنا الله رب العالمين}.
quran:28:31

And ˹he was told˺, "Throw down your staff." But when he saw it writhing as if it was a snake, he turned in flight and did not return. ˹Allah said˺, "O Moses, approach and fear not. Indeed, you are of the secure.  

And: ‘Throw down your staff’, and he threw it down. And when he saw it quivering, moving, as if it were a serpent (jānn: is a small snake ˹so called˺ because of the speed of its movement) he turned his back, to flee from it, and did not look back, in other words, he did not return, and so there called out ˹the voice˺: ‘O Moses! Come forward, and do not be afraid. Indeed you are safe.
القرآن:٢٨:٣١

وَأَنْ أَلْقِ عَصَاكَ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا تَهْتَزُّ كَأَنَّهَا جَانٌّ وَلَّىٰ مُدْبِرًا وَلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ ۚ يَا مُوسَىٰ أَقْبِلْ وَلَا تَخَفْ ۖ إِنَّكَ مِنَ الْآمِنِينَ  

{وأن ألق عصاك} فألقاها {فلما رآها تهتز} تتحرك {كأنها جان} وهي الحية الصغيرة من سرعة حركتها {ولَّى مدبرا} هاربا منها {ولم يعقب} أي يرجع فنودي {يا موسى أقبل ولا تخف إنك من الآمنين}.
quran:28:32

Insert your hand into the opening of your garment; it will come out white, without disease. And draw in your arm close to you ˹as prevention˺ from fear, for those are two proofs from your Lord to Pharaoh and his establishment. Indeed, they have been a people defiantly disobedient."  

Insert your, right, hand, meaning, the palm, into your bosom (jayb is the neck ˹area˺ of the shirt) and ˹then˺ take it out, and it will emerge, not in its usual skin colour ˹but˺, white, without any blemish, any ˹vestige of˺ leprosy. So he inserted it and took it out and it shone as bright as the sun, blinding the eyes; and draw your arm ˹back˺ to your side ˹as a precaution˺ against fear (read rahab, rahb or ruhb), in other words, ˹against˺ the fear produced by the glow of the hand, so that you insert it ˹back˺ into your bosom and it is restored to its former state; it ˹the arm˺ is referred to as jināh, ‘wing’, because they are for humans what wings are for birds. These then (read fa-dhānika or fa-dhānnika) namely, the staff and the hand (both of which ˹‘asā and yad˺ are feminine nouns, but the demonstrative pronoun ˹dhānika˺ used for them, being the subject, is in the masculine because its predicate is masculine) shall be two proofs, to be sent, from your Lord to Pharaoh and his council; for surely they are an immoral people’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٢

اسْلُكْ يَدَكَ فِي جَيْبِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ وَاضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ جَنَاحَكَ مِنَ الرَّهْبِ ۖ فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَانِ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ  

{اسلك} أدخل {يدك} اليمنى بمعنى الكف {في جيبك} هو طوق القميص وأخرجها {تخرج} خلاف ما كانت عليه من الأدمة {بيضاء من غير سوء} أي برص فأدخلها وأخرجها تضيء كشعاع الشمس تغشى البصر {واضمم إليك جناحك من الرَّهَب} بفتح الحرفين وسكون الثاني مع فتح الأول وضمه أي الخوف الحاصل من إضاءة اليد بأن تدخلها في جيبك فتعود إلى حالتها الأولى وعبر عنها بالجناح لأنها للإنسان كالجناح للطائر {فَذَانِّكَ} بالتشديد والتخفيف أي العصا واليد وهما مؤنثان وإنما ذكر المشار به إليهما المبتدأ لتذكير خبره {برهانان} مرسلان {من ربك إلي فرعون وملئه إنهم كانوا قوماً فاسقين}.
quran:28:33

He said, "My Lord, indeed, I killed from among them someone, and I fear they will kill me.  

He said, ‘My Lord, I have indeed slain a soul among them — the mentioned Egyptian — and so I fear that they will slay me, because of him.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٣

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي قَتَلْتُ مِنْهُمْ نَفْسًا فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونِ  

{قال رب إني قتلت منهم نفساً} هو القبطي السابق {فأخاف أن يقتلون} به.
quran:28:34

And my brother Aaron is more fluent than me in tongue, so send him with me as support, verifying me. Indeed, I fear that they will deny me."  

And my brother Aaron is more eloquent, more intelligible, than me in speech. So send him with me as a helper, as an aid (a variant reading ˹for rid’an, ‘helper’˺ is ridan) to confirm me (read ˹either˺ in apocopated form, yusadiqnī, as a response to the request, or ˹as an indicative˺ with damma inflection, yusadiqunī, as an adjectival qualification of rid’an, ‘helper’), for I truly fear that they will deny me’.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٤

وَأَخِي هَارُونُ هُوَ أَفْصَحُ مِنِّي لِسَانًا فَأَرْسِلْهُ مَعِيَ رِدْءًا يُصَدِّقُنِي ۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُكَذِّبُونِ  

{وأخي هارون هو أفصح مني لسانا} أبين {فأرسله معي ردْءا} معينا وفي قراءة بفتح الدال بلا همزة {يصدقْني} بالجزم جواب الدعاء وفي قراءة بالرفع وجملته صفة ردءاً {إني أخاف أن يكذبون}.
quran:28:35

˹Allah˺ said, "We will strengthen your arm through your brother and grant you both supremacy so they will not reach you. ˹It will be˺ through Our signs; you and those who follow you will be the predominant."  

He said, ‘We will strengthen your arm, We will make you strong, by means of your brother, and We will give authority, victory, so that they will not be able to touch ˹either of˺ you, with any evil; go both of you, with Our signs the two of you, and those who follow you ˹two˺, will be the victors’, over them.
القرآن:٢٨:٣٥

قَالَ سَنَشُدُّ عَضُدَكَ بِأَخِيكَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَكُمَا سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يَصِلُونَ إِلَيْكُمَا ۚ بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْتُمَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكُمَا الْغَالِبُونَ  

{قال سنشد عضدك} نقويك {بأخيك ونجعل لكما سلطاناً} غلبة {فلا يصلون إليكما} بسوء، اذهبا {بآياتنا أنتما ومن اتبعكما الغالبون} لهم.