[Machine] He informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: I have been commanded to fight people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah. Whoever says there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, his wealth and his life are protected from me except for its due right, and his reckoning is with Allah.  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ  

"The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'I have been commanded to fight the people until they say La ilaha illallah. If they say it, then their blood and wealth are prohibited for me, except for a right that is due, and their reckoning will be with Allah.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3977)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا مَنَعُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ  

From his father and he was a Companion who said: "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched any army or battalion, he would say to them: 'If you see a Masjid, or hear someone calling the Adhan, then do not kill anyone.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1549)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قَالَ إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ مُؤَذِّنًا أَوْ رَأَيْتُمْ مَسْجِدًا فَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَحَدًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , passed away, and Abu Bakr was appointed as his successor. Those Arabs who had disbelieved continued to do so. Umar ibn Al-Khattab said to Abu Bakr, "How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, 'I have been commanded to fight the people until they say, "There is no god but Allah," and whoever says, "There is no god but Allah," his wealth and his life will be protected except for what is justified and his reckoning is with Allah?'" Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, I will fight whoever separates prayer and zakat, for indeed, zakat is the right of wealth. By Allah, if they withheld from me a small cord that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , I would fight them for withholding it." Umar ibn Al-Khattab said, "By Allah, this is only because I saw Allah had expanded the chest of Abu Bakr for fighting, so I knew it was the truth." Qutaybah narrated to us, Abu Sa'eed ibn Abi 'Amr told us, Abu Al-Abbas Al-Asamm narrated to us, Rabee'ah said, "Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'This is like the two hadiths before it, which were general regarding the polytheists. However, what is intended in them, and Allah knows best, is the polytheistic people of the idols. There was no one from the people of the Book, apart from the Jews in Al-Madinah, who were allies of the Ansar. The Ansar were the first to gather as Muslims without any enmity toward the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . They bid farewell to the Jews, without showing hostility in words or actions. Until the Battle of Badr, they did not speak openly against the Prophet or incite against him. So the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , killed some of them. In the Hijaz, I only knew of the Jews and a few Christians in Najran who were adversaries. The Magians were in Hajar, Barbary lands, and Fars, far removed from the Hijaz. Apart from them, the polytheistic people of the idols were numerous.'"  

تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ 18627 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا مِثْلُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مُطْلَقًا وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ مُشْرِكُو أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِحَضْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَا قُرْبَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا يَهُودُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْأَنْصَارُ اسْتَجْمَعَتْ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِسْلَامًا فَوَادَعَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ تَخْرُجْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَدَاوَتِهِ بِقَوْلٍ يَظْهَرُ وَلَا فِعْلٍ حَتَّى كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُهَا بِعَدَاوَتِهِ وَالتَّحْرِيضِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِيهِمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْحِجَازِ عَلِمْتُهُ إِلَّا يَهُودُ أَوْ نَصَارَى قَلِيلٌ بِنَجْرَانَ وَكَانَتِ الْمَجُوسُ بِهَجَرَ وَبِبِلَادِ الْبَرْبَرِ وَفَارِسَ نَائِينَ عَنِ الْحِجَازِ دُونَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ كَثِيرٌ  

[Machine] That Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, the Jewish poet, used to mock the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and incite the disbelievers of the Quraysh against him in his poetry. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, its people were a mixture of Muslims, who were united by the call of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , polytheists who worshiped idols, and Jews who were the people of the fortresses and strongholds and were allies of Banu Aws and Banu Khazraj. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to reconcile with all of them, even if a person was a Muslim and his father was a polytheist or if a person was a Muslim and his brother was a polytheist. The polytheists and the Jews of Medina, upon the arrival of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , harmed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions the most. Allah commanded His Messenger and the Muslims to have patience and forgive them. In this regard, Allah revealed the verse, "You will hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination" (Quran 3:186) until the end of the verse. In addition, Allah revealed the verse, "Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from themselves [even] after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook until Allah delivers His command. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent." (Quran 2:109) When Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf refused to stop harming the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded Sa'd ibn Mu'adh to send a group to kill him. Sa'd ibn Mu'adh sent Muhammad bin Maslamah Ansari, Abu 'Abs Ansari, and Harith ibn 'Awf, along with five others. The hadith mentions their killing of Ka'b and the panic that spread among the Jews and the polytheists who were with them. They went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the morning and said, "Our leader was killed last night, and he was one of our prominent leaders." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ reminded them of what he used to say in his poetry and warned them against it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ invited them to make a written agreement between him, them, and the Muslims, which they would abide by. The Prophet ﷺ wrote a document between him, them, and the Muslims, valid for one year, which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote under the date palm tree in the house of Bint al-Harith. That document remained with Ali ibn Abi Talib after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .  

أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ الْأَشْرَفِ الْيَهُودِيَّ كَانَ شَاعِرًا وَكَانَ يَهْجُو رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ فِي شِعْرِهِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَهْلُهَا أَخْلَاطٌ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ تَجْمَعُهُمْ دَعْوَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الَّذِينَ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ وَمِنْهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَلْقَةِ وَالْحُصُونِ وَهُمْ حُلَفَاءُ لِلْحَيَّيْنِ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ اسْتِصْلَاحَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَأَبُوهُ مُشْرِكٌ وَالرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَأَخُوهُ مُشْرِكٌ وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَالْيَهُودُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَشَدَّ الْأَذَى فَأَمَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالصَّبِرِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَالْعَفْوِ عَنْهُمْ فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمَنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا} [آل عمران 186] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ وَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا} [البقرة 109] فَلَمَّا أَبَى كَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ عَنْ أَذَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَذَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ ؓ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَهْطًا لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَأَبَا عَبْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَالْحَارِثَ ابْنَ أَخِي سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي خَمْسَةِ رَهْطٍ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قَتْلِهِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَتَلُوهُ فَزِعَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَغَدَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَصْبَحُوا فَقَالُوا إِنَّهُ طُرِقَ صَاحِبُنَا اللَّيْلَةَ وَهُوَ سَيِّدٌ مِنْ سَادَتِنَا فَقُتِلَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الَّذِي كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي أَشْعَارِهِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ بِهِ وَدَعَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كِتَابًا يَنْتَهُوا إِلَى مَا فِيهِ فَكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامًّا صَحِيفَةً كَتَبَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ الْعَذْقِ الَّذِي فِي دَارِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الصَّحِيفَةُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ  

Ibn ‘Abbas said “When the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ had victory over Quraish in the batte of Badr and came to Madeenah he gathered the Jews in the market of Banu Qainuqa and said “O community of Jews embrace Islam before you suffer an injury as the Quraish suffered.” They said “Muhammad, you should not deceive yourself (taking pride) that you had killed a few persons of the Quariash who were inexperienced and did not know how to fight. Had you fought with us, you would have known us. You have never met people like us.” Allah Most High revealed about this the following verse “Say to those who reject faith, soon will ye be vanished... one army was fighting in the cause of Allaah, the other resisting Allaah.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3001)   

لَمَّا أَصَابَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قُرَيْشًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ جَمَعَ الْيَهُودَ فِي سُوقِ قَيْنُقَاعَ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ أَسْلِمُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَ قُرَيْشًا فَقَالُوا يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ أَنَّكَ قَتَلْتَ نَفَرًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَانُوا أَغْمَارًا لَا يَعْرِفُونَ الْقِتَالَ إِنَّكَ لَوْ قَاتَلْتَنَا لَعَرَفْتَ أَنَّا نَحْنُ النَّاسُ وَأَنَّكَ لَمْ تَلْقَ مِثْلَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ {قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ} [آل عمران 13] أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِبَدْرٍ {وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ} [آل عمران 13] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ} [آل عمران 13]  

[Machine] Narrated to me Abdullah Ibn Abu Bakr Ibn Hazm and Salih Ibn Abu Umamah Ibn Sahl Ibn Hunayf, they said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent two men as messengers to the people of Al-Madinah, Zaid Ibn Harithah and Abdullah Ibn Rawahah, when he finished the Battle of Badr. When this news reached Ka'b Ibn Al-Ashraf, he said, "Woe to you! Are they better than us? They are the kings of the Arabs and the leaders of the people," meaning the killed Quraysh. Then he went out to Makkah and started crying for the killed Quraysh and instigating against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .  

حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَصَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ قَالَا بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ بَشِيرَيْنِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ كَعْبَ بْنَ الْأَشْرَفِ قَالَ وَيْلَكَ أَحَقٌّ هَذَا؟ هَؤُلَاءِ مُلُوكُ الْعَرَبِ وَسَادَةُ النَّاسِ يَعْنِي قَتْلَى قُرَيْشٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَجَعَلَ يَبْكِي عَلَى قَتْلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ  

Sulaiman bin Buraidah reported on the authority of his father. When the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ appointed a Commander over an Army or a detachment, he instructed him to fear Allaah himself and consider the welfare of the Muslims who were with him. He then said “When you meet the polytheists who are your enemy, summon them tone of three things and accept whichever of them they are willing to agree to, and refrain from them. Summon them to Islam and if they agree, accept it from them and refrain from them. Then summon them to leave their territory and transfer to the abode of the Emigrants and tell them that if they do so, they will have the same rights and responsibilities as the Emigrants, but if they refuse and choose their own abode, tell them that they will be like the desert Arabs who are Muslims subject to Allaah’s jurisdiction which applies to the believers, but will have no spoil or booty unless they strive with the Muslims. If they refuse demand jizyah (poll tax) from them, if they agree accept it from them and refrain from them. But if they refuse, seek Alaah’s help and fight with them. When you invade the fortress and they (its people) offer to capitulate and have the matter referred to Allaah’s jurisdiction, do not grant this, for you do not know whether or not you will hit on Allaah’s jurisdiction regarding them. But let them capitulate and have the matter refereed to your jurisdiction and make a decision about them later on as you wish. Sufyan (bin ‘Uyainah) said thah ‘Alqamah said “I mentioned this tradition to Muqatil bin Habban, He said “Muslim narrated it to me.” Abu Dawud said “He is Ibn Haidam narrated from Al Nu’man in Muqqarin from the Prophet ﷺ like the tradition of Sulaiman bin Buraidah. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2612)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْ جَيْشٍ أَوْصَاهُ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا قَالَ إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ أَوْ خِلَالٍ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا وَاخْتَارُوا دَارَهُمْ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ مِثْلَ أَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللهِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ وَإِذَا قَاتَلْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ فَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ وَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا يَحْكُمُ اللهُ فِيهِمْ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلُوهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكُمْ ثُمَّ اقْضُوا فِيهِمْ بَعْدُ مَا شِئْتُمْ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ فَذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمٌ هُوَ ابْنُ هَيْصَمٍ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , used to appoint a leader for an army and advise him. He would mention a hadith and elaborate on it. And when you lay siege to the people of a fortress and they request you to grant them the covenant of Allah and the covenant of your Prophet, do not grant them the covenant of Allah and the covenant of your Prophet, but grant them your own covenant and the covenant of your fathers and the covenants of your companions. Indeed, you have the option to accept their covenants and the covenants of your fathers, which is easier for you than accepting the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Messenger. And the chain of transmission of the narrated incident of a military expedition was not mentioned.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْصَاهُ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ زَادَ فِيهِ وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ وَأَرَادُوكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّكَ فَلَا تَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّكَ وَلَكِنِ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ وَذِمَّةَ آبَائِكَ وَذِمَمَ أَصْحَابِكَ فَإِنَّكُمْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ وَذِمَمَ آبَائِكُمْ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ إِسْنَادَ حَدِيثِ مُقَاتِلٍ  

[Machine] "And that he should not circumambulate the Ka'bah naked, and the Day of the Great Hajj, the Day of Sacrifice, is indeed called the Greater Hajj because of people's saying that the Lesser Hajj is superior. So Abu Bakr threw it back to the people that year and did not perform Hajj in the following year, the year in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the Farewell Hajj as a polytheist. And Allah ﷻ revealed in the year in which Abu Bakr threw it back to the polytheists, 'O you who have believed, indeed the polytheists are unclean, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram...' [9:28] until His saying, 'Knowing and Wise' [9:28]. So the polytheists used to engage in trade, and the Muslims would benefit from it. But when Allah made it forbidden for the polytheists to approach al-Masjid al-Haram, the Muslims felt in themselves the loss of the trade with which the polytheists used to engage. So Allah ﷻ said, 'And if you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you from His bounty if He wills' [9:28]. Then He permitted in the verse that follows it the imposition of the jizyah, which was not previously taken. He made it as a substitute for what was forbidden from them of keeping company with the polytheists in their trades. So He said, 'Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.' [9:29] So when Allah made that permissible for the Muslims, they recognized that it was better for them than what they used to find with the polytheists in their trade."  

وَأَنْ لَا يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ وَيَوْمُ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ وَإِنَّمَا قِيلَ الْحَجُّ الْأَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَجْلِ قَوْلِ النَّاسِ الْحَجَّ الْأَصْغَرَ فَنَبَذَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِلَى النَّاسِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَامِ فَلَمْ يَحُجَّ فِي الْعَامِ الْقَابِلِ الَّذِي حَجَّ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَجَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ مُشْرِكٌ وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ فِي الْعَامِ الَّذِي نَبَذَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ} [التوبة 28] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ} [التوبة 28] فَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُوَافُونَ بِالتِّجَارَةِ فَيَنْتَفِعُ بِهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَلَمَّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ وَجَدَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِمَّا قُطِعَ عَنْهُمْ مِنَ التِّجَارَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُوَافُونَ بِهَا فَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ} [التوبة 28] ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ فِي الْآيَةِ الَّتِي تَتْبَعُهَا الْجِزْيَةَ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ تُؤْخَذُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلَهَا عِوَضًا مِمَّا مَنَعَهُمْ مِنْ مُوَافَاةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِتِجَارَاتِهِمْ فَقَالَ {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ} [التوبة 29] فَلَمَّا أَحَلَّ اللهُ ذَلِكَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ قَدْ عَاضَهُمْ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا كَانُوا وَجَدُوا عَلَيْهِ مِمَّا كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُوَافُونَ بِهِ مِنَ التِّجَارَةِ  

[Machine] From Mujahid's statement regarding this verse, "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day," to his statement, "until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled." He said, this was revealed when the Prophet ﷺ and his companions were commanded to march towards the Tabuk expedition.  

عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ} [التوبة 29] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ} [التوبة 29] قَالَ نَزَلَ هَذَا حِينَ أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِغَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ  

[Machine] "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached Tabuk, Yahna Ibn Rawbah, the companion of Ayilah, came to meet him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made peace with him and gave him the jizyah. The people of Jarabaa and Athruh also came to meet him and they gave him the jizyah."  

فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى تَبُوكَ أَتَاهُ يَحْنَةُ بْنُ رَوْبَةَ صَاحِبُ أَيْلَةَ فَصَالَحَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَعْطَاهُ الْجِزْيَةَ وَأَتَاهُ أَهْلُ جَرَبَا وَأَذْرُحَ فَأَعْطَوْهُ الْجِزْيَةَ  

[Machine] The polytheists fight against Islam, and the people of the Book fight over the jizyah.  

يُقَاتَلُ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَيُقَاتَلُ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ  

[Machine] In his saying "{There shall be no compulsion in religion}" [Al-Baqarah 256], it is said that a woman from the Ansar tribe had no surviving children and she would swear that if she had a child, she would raise him as a Jew. Then, when the Banu Nadir tribe was expelled, there were some people among them who were from the sons of the Ansar tribe. So the Ansar said, "O Messenger of Allah, our children!" Then Allah revealed "{There shall be no compulsion in religion}" [Al-Baqarah 256]. Sa'id bin Jubayr said, "Whoever wants can join them (the Banu Nadir) and whoever wants can enter Islam."  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ} [البقرة 256] قَالَ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ لَا يَكَادُ يَعِيشُ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَتَحْلِفُ لَئِنْ عَاشَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ لَتُهَوِّدَنَّهُ فَلَمَّا أُجْلِيَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ إِذَا فِيهِمْ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَبْنَاؤُنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ} [البقرة 256] قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ مَنْ شَاءَ لَحِقَ بِهِمْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ دَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ  

[Machine] In his saying {There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion} [Al-Baqarah 256], it is said that it was revealed specifically regarding the Ansar. I asked, "Specifically?" He said, "Specifically, it was concerning the women among them who, if they made a vow or a pledge, would threaten that if they gave birth, they would make their child Jewish in order to prolong their persistence in that. Then Islam came and [this threat] was among them. So when the threat was removed, the Ansar said, 'O Messenger of Allah, our sons and brothers are among them.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent regarding them, and then [the verse] {There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion} [Al-Baqarah 256] was revealed. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Your associates have been given a choice. If they choose you, then they are from you, and if they choose them, then their term is extended with them.'"  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ} [البقرة 256] قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَنْصَارِ قُلْتُ خَاصَّةً؟ قَالَ خَاصَّةً كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْهُمْ إِذَا كَانَتْ نَزِرَةً أَوْ مِقْلَاةً تَنْذِرُ لَئِنْ وَلَدَتْ وَلَدًا لَتَجْعَلَنَّهُ فِي الْيَهُودِ تَلْتَمِسُ بِذَلِكَ طُولَ بَقَائِهِ فَجَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَفِيهِمْ مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا أُجْلِيَتِ النَّضِيرُ قَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَبْنَاؤُنَا وَإِخْوَانُنَا فِيهِمْ فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَزَلَتْ {لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ} [البقرة 256] فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ خُيِّرَ أَصْحَابُكُمْ فَإِنِ اخْتَارُوكُمْ فَهُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَإِنِ اخْتَارُوهُمْ فَأَجْلُوهُمْ مَعَهُمْ  

The Prophet ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Ukaydir of Dumah. He was seized and they brought him to him (i.e. the Prophet). He spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he should pay jizyah (poll-tax). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3037)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ فَأَخَذُوهُ فَأَتَوْا بِهِ فَحَقَنَ لَهُ دَمَهُ وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khalid bin Walid to Ukaydir bin Abdul Malik, a man from the Kindah tribe who was the ruler of Dumat. He was a Christian. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told Khalid that he would find him hunting cows. So Khalid went until he was in sight of the fort on a clear moonlit night, with his wife beside him. Then the cows came rubbing their horns against the gate of the palace. His wife said to him, "Have you ever seen anything like this?" He said, "No, by Allah." She said, "Then who would leave something like this?" He said, "No one." So he dismounted and ordered his horse to be saddled, and he rode with a group of his relatives, among whom there was a brother named Hassan. They went with him on their horses. They met some of the horsemen of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who captured them, and they killed his brother Hassan. He was wearing a coat of mail covered in gold, which Khalid took from him, then he sent it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ before his arrival. Khalid arrived at Ukaydir, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took blood-money from him and made peace with him on the condition that he should pay the jizyah, then he let him go, so he went back to his village. Ash-Shafi'i said: May Allah have mercy on him (Khalid bin Walid). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took jizyah from the people of Yemen, both Arabs and non-Arabs, and from the people of Najran, who were Arabs.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ كَانَ مَلِكًا عَلَى دُومَةَ وَكَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِخَالِدٍ إِنَّكَ سَتَجِدُهُ يَصِيدُ الْبَقَرَ فَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ حِصْنِهِ مَنْظَرَ الْعَيْنِ وَفِي لَيْلَةٍ مُقْمِرَةٍ صَافِيَةٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى سَطْحٍ وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ فَأَتَتِ الْبَقَرُ تَحُكُّ بِقُرُونِهَا بَابَ الْقَصْرِ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ مِثْلَ هَذَا قَطُّ؟ قَالَ لَا وَاللهِ قَالَتْ فَمَنْ يَتْرُكُ مِثْلَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ لَا أَحَدَ فَنَزَلَ فَأَمَرَ بِفَرَسِهِ فَأُسْرِجَ وَرَكِبَ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فِيهِمْ أَخٌ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَسَّانُ فَخَرَجُوا مَعَهُ بِمَطَارِفِهِمْ فَتَلَقَّاهُمْ خَيْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَتْهُ وَقَتَلُوا أَخَاهُ حَسَّانَ وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ قُبَاءُ دِيبَاجٍ مَخُوصٍ بِالذَّهَبِ فَاسْتَلَبَهُ إِيَّاهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ قُدُومِهِ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ خَالِدًا قَدِمَ بِالْأُكَيْدِرِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَحَقَنَ لَهُ دَمَهُ وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قَرْيَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ذِمَّةِ الْيَمَنِ وَعَامَّتُهُمْ عَرَبٌ وَمَنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ وَفِيهِمْ عَرَبٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen and ordered me to take from every adult a dinar or its equivalent in goods. Yahya ibn Adam said, "Indeed, this tax is for the people of Yemen, who are Arab people and people of the Book. Don't you see that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'No Jew should ever be wronged by another Jew,' meaning in his narration from Jarir from Mansur from Hakam from the Prophet ﷺ , that he wrote to Mu'adh ibn Jabal regarding this."  

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مَعَافِرَ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ وَإِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ وَهُمْ قَوْمٌ عُرْبٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا يُفْتَنُ يَهُودِيٌّ مِنْ يَهُودِيَّةٍ يَعْنِي فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ بِذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Salah, the messenger of Allah ﷺ , mentioned the people of Najran in two thousand narratives.  

صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ حُلَّةٍ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] Ash-Shafi'i said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ demanded the jizyah from Ukaidir al-Ghassani and they considered him to be righteous men from the Arabs regarding the jizyah. As for Umar ibn al-Khattab and those who came after him from the caliphs until today, they have demanded the jizyah from the Banu Taghlib, Banu Tanukh, Bahra, and mixed tribes of the Arabs, and they have remained upon Christianity to this day, and the sadaqah is doubled for them. And that is the jizyah. Indeed, the jizyah is imposed on religions, not on lineages. And if it weren't for the invalid delusions, we would have wished that Abu Yusuf would have said as he said, and that minors should not be charged on an Arab. But Allah is more worthy in our eyes than us loving anything other than what He has decreed.  

قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أُكَيْدِرَ الْغَسَّانِيِّ وَيَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ صَالَحَ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ فَأَمَّا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ أَخَذُوا الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ وَتَنُّوخَ وَبَهْرَاءَ وَخُلْطٍ مِنْ خُلْطِ الْعَرَبِ وَهُمْ إِلَى السَّاعَةِ مُقِيمُونَ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ يُضَاعَفُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ وَذَلِكَ جِزْيَةٌ وَإِنَّمَا الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ لَا عَلَى الْأَنْسَابِ وَلَوْلَا أَنْ نَأْثَمَ بِتَمَنِّي بَاطِلٍ وَدِدْنَا أَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ كَمَا قَالَ وَأَنْ لَا يُجْرَى صَغَارٌ عَلَى عَرَبِيٍّ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ أَجَلُّ فِي أَعْيُنِنَا مِنْ أَنْ نُحِبَّ غَيْرَ مَا قَضَى بِهِ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "Verily, Allah will prevent the Christians from invading Rabiah on the banks of the Euphrates. I have not left any Arab without either killing him or making him submit."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ سَيَمْنَعُ الدِّينَ بِنَصَارَى مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْفُرَاتِ مَا تَرَكْتُ عَرَبِيًّا إِلَّا قَتَلْتُهُ أَوْ يُسْلِمَ  

[Machine] "And that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger, and that you establish prayer and give zakah and obey the rulers of the Muslims, for you have the same rights as they do and the same responsibilities. Then he said, 'What if I refuse to do that?' He said, 'Then you will have to pay the jizyah (tax) with your own hand.' He said, 'What if we refuse to do that?' He said, 'Then I will fight you until death becomes more beloved to you than life.' He said, 'Give us until tomorrow night to think about it.' He said, 'I have already made my decision.' When the people woke up in the morning, he (the companion) said, 'Indeed, we have all agreed to pay the jizyah.' So come and make peace with me.' Khalid said to him, 'How can you, as Arab people, prefer the jizyah and humiliation over fighting and dignity?' He said, 'We looked at the number of people who will be killed among us, and they will never return. And we looked at the wealth that will be taken from us, and it is unlikely that we will have it back unless Allah grants it to us.' Khalid then made peace with them for ninety thousand (dirhams)."  

وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَتُقِرُّوا بِأَحْكَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَكُمْ مِثْلَ مَا لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ هَانِئٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَشَأْ ذَلِكَ فَمَهْ؟ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ أَدَّيْتُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَبَيْنَا ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ وَطِئْتُكُمْ بِقَوْمٍ الْمَوْتُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ إِلَيْكُمْ فَقَالَ هَانِئٌ أَجِّلْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هَذِهِ فَنَنْظُرَ فِي أَمْرِنَا قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ الْقَوْمُ غَدَا هَانِئٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَمْرُنَا عَلَى أَنْ نُؤَدِّيَ الْجِزْيَةَ فَهَلُمَّ فَلْأُصَالِحْكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ خَالِدٌ فَكَيْفَ وَأَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَرَبٌ تَكُونُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَالذُّلُّ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ وَالْعِزِّ؟ فَقَالَ نَظَرْنَا فِيمَا يُقْتَلُ مِنَّا فَإِذَا هُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ وَنَظَرْنَا إِلَى مَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَّا مِنَ الْمَالِ فَقَلَّمَا نَلْبَثُ حَتَّى يُخْلِفَهُ اللهُ لَنَا قَالَ فَصَالَحَهُمْ خَالِدٌ عَلَى تِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , returned to Abu Talib with some people from the Quraysh, and there was a man seated by his head. When Abu Jahl saw him, he stood up and sat down. He said, "Your nephew mentions our idols." Abu Talib said, "Why are your people complaining about you?" He said, "Oh uncle, I want them to agree on a statement that the Arabs accept and the non-Arabs pay tribute to." Abu Talib asked, "What is it?" He said, "The testimony that there is no god but Allah." They stood up and said, "Shall we make the gods one god?" He said, "And the Quran with its reminders descended." Until it reached the words, "Indeed, this is a curious thing." (Quran 38:5) The words of the reciter came to an end.  

عَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَبَا طَالِبٍ وَعِنْدَهُ نَاسٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَعِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ مَقْعَدُ رَجُلٍ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ قَامَ فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَخِيكَ يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَنَا فَقَالَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ مَا شَأْنُ قَوْمِكَ يَشْكُونَكَ؟ قَالَ يَا عَمِّ أُرِيدُهُمْ عَلَى كَلِمَةٍ يَدِينُ لَهُمُ الْعَرَبُ وَتُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِمُ الْعَجَمُ الْجِزْيَةَ قَالَ مَا هِيَ؟ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَامُوا وَقَالُوا أَجَعَلَ الْآلِهَةَ إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا؟ قَالَ وَنَزَلَ {ص وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ} [ص 1] حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ {إِنَّ هَذَا لِشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ} [ص 5] لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُقْرِئُ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said that the Scrolls of Ibrahim were revealed on the first night of Ramadan, and the Torah was revealed on the sixth of Ramadan. The Gospel was revealed on the thirteenth of Ramadan, and the Zabur was revealed on the eighteenth of Ramadan. The Quran was revealed on the twenty-fourth night of Ramadan. According to Al-Rabi' bin Subayh, who narrated from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Allah revealed one hundred and four books from the heavens."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَأُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ لِسِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَأُنْزِلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَأُنْزِلَ الزَّبُورُ لِثَمَانَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَالْقُرْآنُ لِأَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَفِيمَا رَوَى الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ مِائَةً وَأَرْبَعَةَ كُتُبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ  

[Machine] "Bakr and Omar, and Ali, the Commander of the Faithful, may Allah be pleased with him, they collected the jizyah from them. So Ali took it to the palace, and Ali went out to them, may Allah be pleased with them, and said the Bada. They both sat in the shade of the palace, and Ali said, 'I know the people of Magianism, they had knowledge that they used to learn and a book that they used to study, and their king used to drink, and it happened to his daughter or sister. When he woke up, some of the people of his kingdom came and established the punishment upon him, but he refrained from them. So he called the people of his kingdom, and when they came to him, he said, 'You know a religion that is better than the religion of Adam, and he used to marry his sons to his daughters, and I am upon the religion of Adam, so why do you prefer yourselves over his religion?' So they pledged their allegiance to him, and they fought against those who opposed them until they killed them. So they became victorious and their book was raised from among them, and the knowledge that was in their chests disappeared. They are the people of the book, and the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , and Abu Bakr and Omar, may Allah be pleased with them, collected the jizyah from them.'"  

بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ وَعَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا ؓ وَقَدْ أَخَذُوا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ؟ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْقَصْرِ فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَلَيْهِمَا وَقَالَ الْبَدَا فَجَلَسَا فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ أَنَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَجُوسِ كَانَ لَهُمْ عِلْمٌ يَعْلَمُونَهُ وَكِتَابٌ يَدْرُسُونَهُ وَإِنَّ مَلِكَهُمْ سَكِرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ فَلَمَّا صَحَا جَاءُوا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمْ فَدَعَا أَهْلَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَتَوْهُ قَالَ تَعْلَمُونَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِ آدَمَ وَقَدْ كَانَ يُنْكِحُ بَنِيهِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ آدَمَ مَا يَرْغَبُ بِكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ؟ قَالَ فَبَايَعُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ أَسْرَى عَلَى كِتَابِهِمْ فَرُفِعَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ وَذَهَبَ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي فِي صُدُورِهِمْ فَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ 18651 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الْعَاصِمِيَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ يَقُولُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدٍ الْبَقَّالِ فَقَالَ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ وَنَصَرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ هُوَ اللَّيْثِيُّ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ عِيسَى بْنُ عَاصِمٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ كُوفِيٌّ قَالَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ وَالْغَلَطُ فِيهِ مِنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ لَا مِنَ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَقَدْ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took it from the Magians of Hajr.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Adopt some of the practices of the people of the scripture."  

لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the jizyah from the Magians of Bahrain, and that Uthman ibn Affan also took it from the Berbers. Ibn Wahb mentioned in his narration that Umar ibn al-Khattab took it from the Magians of Persia. The Sheikh and Ibn Shihab said that this narration was only transmitted by Ibn Musayyib, and Ibn Musayyib is a good and reliable narrator. How could he have joined him without what came before?"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ مَجُوسِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ أَخَذَهَا مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ زَادَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ أَنَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ فَارِسَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَابْنُ شِهَابٍ إِنَّمَا أَخَذَ حَدِيثَهُ هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ حَسَنُ الْمُرْسَلِ كَيْفَ وَقَدِ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ took the jizyah from the Magians of Hajar, and Umar ibn al-Khattab took it from the Magians of As-Sawad, and Uthman took it from the Magians of Barbary.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ السَّوَادِ وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ ؓ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ بَرْبَرَ  

[Machine] "There was a man from the Asbaziyyin tribe who belonged to the people of Bahrain, and they were Majus (Zoroastrians). He migrated to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and stayed with him for a while, then he left. I asked him, 'What did Allah and His Messenger decree for you?' He replied, 'Evil.' I asked, 'How so?' He said, 'Either Islam or death.' Abdullah ibn Awf said that they accepted the jizyah (tax) from them. Ibn Abbas said, 'The people followed the words of Abdullah ibn Awf and abandoned what I had heard from the Asbaziyyin.' The scholar (may Allah have mercy on him) said, 'Indeed, it was a good thing that they did. They abandoned the report from the Asbaziyyin, the Majusi, and they accepted the report of Abdullah ibn Awf, that he may rule between them based on the statement of the Asbaziyyin, and then revelation would come to him accepting the jizyah from them, so he would accept it as Abdullah ibn Awf said."  

رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَسْبَذِيِّينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ وَهُمْ مَجُوسُ أَهْلِ هَجَرَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَكَثَ عِنْدَهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ مَا قَضَى اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فِيكُمْ؟ قَالَ شَرًّا قُلْتُ مَهْ؟ قَالَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَوِ الْقَتْلُ قَالَ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ قَبِلَ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ وَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ بِقَوْلِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَتَرَكُوا مَا سَمِعْتُ أَنَا مِنَ الْأَسْبَذِيِّ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ نِعْمَ مَا صَنَعُوا تَرَكُوا رِوَايَةَ الْأَسْبَذِيِّ الْمَجُوسِيِّ وَأَخَذُوا بِرِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ؓ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا قَالَ الْأَسْبَذِيُّ ثُمَّ يَأْتِيهِ الْوَحْيُ بِقَبُولِ الْجِزْيَةِ مِنْهُمْ فَيَقْبَلُهَا كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ  

[Machine] He informed him that Amr ibn Auf, who was an ally of the Banu Amr ibn Luay, had witnessed the Battle of Badr with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He also informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had sent Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah to Bahrain to collect its tribute, and that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ considered the people of Bahrain to be righteous and appointed Alaa ibn al-Hadrami as their leader. Abu Ubaydah arrived with wealth from Bahrain, and when the Ansar heard of his arrival, they went to perform the Fajr prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When they finished, they confronted him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled upon seeing them and said, "I assume you have heard of the arrival of Abu Ubaydah and that he has brought something?" They replied, "Indeed, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Rejoice and hope for what brings you happiness, for by Allah, it is not poverty that I fear for you, but I fear that the world will be spread out before you as it was spread out before those before you, and you will compete for it and it will distract you as it distracted them."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ عَوْفٍ ؓ وَهُوَ حَلِيفُ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ كَانَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ ؓ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَأْتِي بِجِزْيَتِهَا وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هُوَ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ فَقَدِمَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِمَالٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَسَمِعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ بِقُدُومِهِ فَوَافَتْ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ تَعَرَّضُوا لَهُ فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ رَآهُمْ وَقَالَ أَظُنُّكُمْ سَمِعْتُمْ بِقُدُومِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ وَأَنَّهُ جَاءَ بِشَيْءٍ؟ فَقَالُوا أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَالَ أَبْشِرُوا وَأَمِّلُوا مَا يَسُرُّكُمْ فَوَاللهِ مَا الْفَقْرُ أَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَكِنْ أَخْشَى أَنْ تُبْسَطَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَيْكُمْ كَمَا بُسِطَتْ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ فَتَنَافَسُوهَا وَتُلْهِيَكُمْ كَمَا أَلْهَتْهُمْ  

بَعَثَ عُمَرُ ؓ النَّاسَ مِنْ أَفْنَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي إِسْلَامِ الْهُرْمُزَانِ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي مُسْتَشِيرُكَ فِي مَغَازِيَّ هَذِهِ فَأَشِرْ عَلَيَّ فِي مَغَازِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْأَرْضُ مَثَلُهَا وَمَثَلُ مَنْ فِيهَا مِنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ عَدُوِّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَثَلُ طَائِرٍ لَهُ رَأْسٌ وَلَهُ جَنَاحَانِ وَلَهُ رِجْلَانِ فَإِنْ كُسِرَ أَحَدُ الْجَنَاحَيْنِ نَهَضَتِ الرِّجْلَانِ بِجَنَاحٍ وَالرَّأْسُ وَإِنْ كُسِرَ الْجَنَاحُ الْآخَرُ نَهَضَتِ الرِّجْلَانِ وَالرَّأْسُ وَإِنْ شُدِخَ الرَّأْسُ ذَهَبَ الرِّجْلَانِ وَالْجَنَاحَانِ وَالرَّأْسُ فَالرَّأْسُ كِسْرَى وَالْجَنَاحُ قَيْصَرُ وَالْجَنَاحُ الْآخَرُ فَارِسُ فَمُرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَنْفِرُوا إِلَى كِسْرَى فَقَالَ بَكْرٌ وَزِيَادٌ جَمِيعًا عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ حَيَّةَ قَالَ فَنَدَبَنَا عُمَرُ ؓ وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلًا مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ ؓ وَحَشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَعَهُ قَالَ وَخَرَجْنَا فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ وَأَدَاةُ النَّاسِ وَسِلَاحُهُمُ الْجَحْفُ وَالرِّمَاحُ الْمُكَسَّرَةُ وَالنَّبْلُ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا نَسِيرُ وَمَا لَنَا كَثِيرُ خُيُولٍ أَوْ مَا لَنَا خُيُولٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِأَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ وَبَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ نَهَرٌ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا عَامِلُ كِسْرَى فِي أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا حَتَّى وَقَفُوا عَلَى النَّهَرِ وَوَقَفْنَا مِنْ حِيَالِهِ الْآخَرِ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَخْرِجُوا إِلَيْنَا رَجُلًا يُكَلِّمُنَا فَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا قَدِ اتَّجَرَ وَعَلِمَ الْأَلْسِنَةَ قَالَ فَقَامَ تُرْجُمَانُ الْقَوْمِ فَتَكَلَّمَ دُونَ مَلِكِهِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لِيُكَلِّمْنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْكُمْ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ سَلْ عَمَّا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ مَا أَنْتُمْ؟ فَقَالَ نَحْنُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ كُنَّا فِي شَقَاءٍ شَدِيدٍ وَبَلَاءٍ طَوِيلٍ نَمُصُّ الْجِلْدَ وَالنَّوَى مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَنَلْبَسُ الْوَبَرَ وَالشَّعَرَ وَنَعْبُدُ الشَّجَرَ وَالْحَجَرَ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ بَعَثَ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَرَبُّ الْأَرْضِ إِلَيْنَا نَبِيًّا مِنْ أَنْفُسِنَا نَعْرِفُ أَبَاهُ وَأُمَّهُ فَأَمَرَنَا نَبِيُّنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّنَا ﷺ أَنْ نُقَاتِلَكُمْ حَتَّى تَعْبُدُوا اللهَ وَحْدَهُ أَوْ تُؤَدُّوا الْجِزْيَةَ فَأَخْبَرَنَا نَبِيُّنَا عَنْ رِسَالَةِ رَبِّنَا أَنَّهُ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنَّا صَارَ إِلَى جَنَّةٍ وَنَعِيمٍ لَمْ يَرَ مِثْلَهُ قَطُّ وَمَنْ بَقِيَ مِنَّا مَلَكَ رِقَابَكُمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ بَعْدَ غَدٍ حَتَّى نَأْمُرَ بِالْجِسْرِ يُجْسَرُ قَالَ فَافْتَرَقُوا وَجَسَرُوا الْجِسْرَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَعْدَاءَ اللهِ قَطَعُوا إِلَيْنَا فِي مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ سِتُّونَ أَلْفًا يَجُرُّونَ الْحَدِيدَ وَأَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا رُمَاةُ الْحَدَقِ فَأَطَافُوا بِنَا عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَ وَكُنَّا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا فَقَالُوا هَاتُوا لَنَا رَجُلًا يُكَلِّمُنَا فَأَخْرَجْنَا الْمُغِيرَةَ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلَامَهُ الْأَوَّلَ فَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ أَتَدْرُونَ مَا مَثَلُنَا وَمَثَلُكُمْ؟ قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ مَا مَثَلُنَا وَمَثَلُكُمْ؟ قَالَ مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ لَهُ بُسْتَانٌ ذُو رَيَاحِينَ وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَعْلَبٌ قَدْ آذَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّ الْبُسْتَانِ يَا أَيُّهَا الثَّعْلَبُ لَوْلَا أَنْ تُنَتِّنَ حَائِطِي مِنْ جِيفَتِكَ لَهَيَّأْتُ مَا قَدْ قَتَلَكَ وَأَنَا لَوْلَا أَنْ تُنَتَّنَ بِلَادُنَا مِنْ جِيفَتِكُمْ لَكُنَّا قَدْ قَتَلْنَاكُمْ بِالْأَمْسِ قَالَ لَهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا قَالَ الثَّعْلَبُ لِرَبِّ الْبُسْتَانِ؟ قَالَ مَا قَالَ لَهُ؟ قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ يَا رَبَّ الْبُسْتَانِ أَنْ أَمُوتَ فِي حَائِطِكَ ذَا بَيْنَ الرَّيَاحِينِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَخْرُجَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ قَفْرٍ لَيْسَ بِهَا شَيْءٌ وَإِنَّهُ وَاللهِ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دِينٌ وَقَدْ كُنَّا مِنْ شَقَاءِ الْعَيْشِ فِيمَا ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ مَا عُدْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّقَاءِ أَبَدًا حَتَّى نُشَارِكَكُمْ فِيمَا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ أَوْ نَمُوتَ فَكَيْفَ بِنَا وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مِنَّا صَارَ إِلَى رَحْمَةِ اللهِ وَجَنَّتِهِ وَمَنْ بَقِيَ مِنَّا مَلَكَ رِقَابَكُمْ قَالَ جُبَيْرٌ فَأَقَمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ يَوْمًا لَا نُقَاتِلُهُمْ وَلَا يُقَاتِلُنَا الْقَوْمُ قَالَ فَقَامَ الْمُغِيرَةُ إِلَى النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ ؓ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ إِنَّ النَّهَارَ قَدْ صَنَعَ مَا تَرَى وَاللهِ لَوْ وُلِّيتُ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ مِثْلَ الَّذِي وُلِّيتَ مِنْهُمْ لَأَلْحَقْتُ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللهُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ بِمَا أَحَبَّ فَقَالَ النُّعْمَانُ رُبَّمَا أَشْهَدَكَ اللهُ مِثْلَهَا ثُمَّ لَمْ يُنَدِّمْكَ وَلَمْ يُخْزِكَ وَلَكِنِّي شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَثِيرًا كَانَ إِذَا لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى تَهُبَّ الْأَرْوَاحُ وَتَحْضُرَ الصَّلَاةُ أَلَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي لَسْتُ لِكُلِّكُمْ أَسْمَعُ فَانْظُرُوا إِلَى رَايَتِي هَذِهِ فَإِذَا حَرَّكْتُهَا فَاسْتَعِدُّوا مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَطْعَنَ بِرُمْحِهِ فَلْيُيَسِّرْهُ وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ بِعَصَاهُ فَلْيُيَسِّرْ عَصَاهُ وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَطْعَنَ بِخِنْجَرِهِ فَلْيُيَسِّرْهُ وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ بِسَيْفِهِ فَلْيُيَسِّرْ سَيْفَهُ أَلَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي مُحَرِّكُهَا الثَّانِيَةَ فَاسْتَعِدُّوا ثُمَّ إِنِّي مُحَرِّكُهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَشُدُّوا عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللهِ فَإِنْ قُتِلْتُ فَالْأَمِيرُ أَخِي وَإِنْ قُتِلَ أَخِي فَالْأَمِيرُ حُذَيْفَةُ فَإِنْ قُتِلَ حُذَيْفَةُ فَالْأَمِيرُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي زِيَادٌ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَالَ قَتَلَهُمُ اللهُ فَنَظَرُوا إِلَى بَغْلٍ مُوَقَّرٍ عَسَلًا وَسَمْنًا قَدْ كَدَسَتِ الْقَتْلَى عَلَيْهِ فَمَا أُشَبِّهُهُ إِلَّا كَوْمًا مِنْ كَوْمِ السَّمَكِ مُلْقًى بَعْضُهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ الْقَتْلُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا شَيْءٌ صَنَعَهُ اللهُ وَظَهَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَقُتِلَ النُّعْمَانُ وَأَخُوهُ وَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى حُذَيْفَةَ فَهَذَا حَدِيثُ زِيَادٍ وَبَكْرٍ  

[Machine] Some of the migrants were affected, so and so and so and in someone who does not know most, so when he read the book, he raised his voice and then cried and cried and said, rather Allah knows them three times.  

أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ وَفِيمَنْ لَا يَعْرِفُ أَكْثَرُ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ ثُمَّ بَكَى وَبَكَى فَقَالَ بَلِ اللهُ يَعْرِفُهُمْ ثَلَاثًا  

Ibn ‘Abbas said “When the Prophet of the Persians dies, Iblis (satan) led them to Mazdaism.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3042)   

إِنَّ أَهْلَ فَارِسَ لَمَّا مَاتَ نَبِيُّهُمْ كَتَبَ لَهُمْ إِبْلِيسُ الْمَجُوسِيَّةَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent to the Magians of Hajar, offering them Islam. Whoever accepted Islam, it was accepted from them, and whoever refused, they were required to pay the jizyah tax. They were not allowed to consume sacrificial animals or marry Muslim women. This is an authentic narration confirmed by the consensus of the majority of Muslims. However, what has been narrated from Hudhayfah regarding the marriage of Magian women is not valid, and the narration regarding the marriage of Christian women contradicts the narrations of Umar and Ali. This statement is to be discussed in its appropriate context, God willing.  

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِسْلَامَ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ قَبِلَ مِنْهُ وَمَنْ أَبَى ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُؤْكَلَ لَهُمْ ذَبِيحَةٌ وَلَا تُنْكَحَ لَهُمُ امْرَأَةٌ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَإِجْمَاعُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَيْهِ يُؤَكِّدُهُ وَلَا يَصِحُّ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ فِي نِكَاحِ مَجُوسِيَّةٍ وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِي نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ ؓ تَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى  

When the Prophet ﷺ sent him to the Yemen, he ordered him to take a male or a female calf a year old for every thirty cattle and a cow in its third year for every forty, and one dinar for every adult (unbeliever as a poll-tax) or cloths of equivalent value manufactured in the Yemen. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1576)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ مِنْ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً وَمِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ ثَوْبَ مَعَافِرَ  

[Machine] It was narrated that when the Prophet ﷺ sent Muadh to Yemen, he ordered him to take from every thirty cows one bull or one cow, from every forty cows one barren cow, and from every fifty cows one young male. They would be paid for with a dinar or its equivalent in clothing from the people of Makkah. It was narrated that Abu Dawood said in some copies: "This is a Munkar (rejected) Hadith. It was narrated to me from Ahmad that he used to strongly reject this Hadith." The Sheikh said: "The Munkar is the narration of Abu Muawiyah from Al-A’mash from Ibrahim from Masrooq from Muadh. As for the narration of Al-A’mash from Abu Wail from Masrooq, it is preserved and it was narrated by a group of people, including Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Shu’bah, Ma’mar, Jarir, Abu Awana, Yahya bin Saeed, and Hafs bin Ghiyath." Some of them narrated from Muadh and some of them said that when the Prophet ﷺ sent Muadh to Yemen or something similar. As for the Hadith of Al-A’mash from Ibrahim, the correct view is that it is as he narrated.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ مِنْ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ تَبِيعًا أَوْ تَبِيعَةً وَمِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مُسِنَّةً وَمِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ يَعْنِي مُحْتَلِمًا دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِرِيِّ ثِيَابٌ تَكُونُ بِالْيَمَنِ 18666 قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُنْكِرُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ إِنْكَارًا شَدِيدًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ إِنَّمَا الْمُنْكَرُ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ فَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ فَإِنَّهَا مَحْفُوظَةٌ قَدْ رَوَاهَا عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَشُعْبَةُ وَمَعْمَرٌ وَجَرِيرٌ وَأَبُو عَوَانَةَ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَحَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ أَوْ مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَالصَّوَابُ كَمَا  

[Machine] Mu'adh said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen and commanded me to take every forty she-camels, whether pregnant or not, and from every thirty (sheep) to sell or trade, and from every debtor a dinar or its equivalent in goods. This hadith is narrated by Al-A'mash from Abu Wa'il Shuqayq ibn Salamah from Masruq, and his hadith is disconnected from Ibrahim and does not mention Masruq. And we have narrated from 'Asim ibn Abi An-Najud from Abu Wa'il from Masruq from Mu'adh ibn Jabal from the Prophet ﷺ .  

مُعَاذٌ ؓ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً ثَنِيَّةً وَمِنْ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ تَبِيعًا أَوْ تَبِيعَةً وَمِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مَعَافِرَ هَذَا هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ حَدِيثُ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ شَقِيقِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُنْقَطِعٌ لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ مَسْرُوقٍ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ wrote to the people of Yemen that each person among you is required to give one dinar every year or its equivalent from the Ma'afir, which means from the non-Muslims among them.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْكُمْ دِينَارًا كُلَّ سَنَةٍ أَوْ قِيمَتَهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِرِ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْهُمْ  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ imposed on the people of the Dhimma from the people of Yemen a dinar every year, so I said to Muttarif ibn Mazin, "It is said that he also imposed on women." He said, "It is not that the Prophet ﷺ took anything fixed from women among us."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ دِينَارًا كُلَّ سَنَةٍ فَقُلْتُ لِمُطَرِّفِ بْنِ مَازِنٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَالُ وَعَلَى النِّسَاءِ أَيْضًا فَقَالَ لَيْسَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَخَذَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ثَابِتًا عِنْدَنَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , wrote to Mu'adh ibn Jabal in Yemen instructing him to collect a dinar or its equivalent from every male and female who is liable to pay Zakat. He also advised that a Jew should not be tempted away from his Judaism. Yahya said: "I have not heard of a tax on women except in this hadith." The Shaykh said: "This hadith is reported via Ibn Wail from Masruq from Muadh ibn Jabal's female." However, it is not mentioned in the narration of Abu Wail from Masruq from Muadh. Nor is it mentioned in the narration of Ibrahim from Muadh except as a small portion. AbdulRazzaq reported it from Ma'mar from Al-A'mash from Abu Wail from Masruq from Muadh. And if Ma'mar narrates from someone other than Zuhri, he often makes mistakes. And Allah knows best. Ibn Khuzaymah included it in his collection if it is preserved with regard to taking it from them if they are pleased with it. Abu Shaybah also narrated it from Ibrahim bin Uthman from Al-Hakam, connectedly. And Abu Shaybah is weak.  

كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ؓ بِالْيَمَنِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ أَوْ حَالِمَةٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ قِيمَتَهُ وَلَا يُفْتَنُ يَهُودِيٌّ عَنْ يَهُودِيَّتِهِ قَالَ يَحْيَى وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَنَّ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ جِزْيَةً إِلَّا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ حَالِمَةٍ وَلَا فِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ إِلَّا شَيْئًا رَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَمَعْمَرٌ إِذَا رَوَى عَنْ غَيْرِ الزُّهْرِيِّ يَغْلَطُ كَثِيرًا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ حَمَلَهُ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا عَلَى أَخْذِهَا مِنْهَا إِذَا طَابَتْ بِهَا نَفْسًا وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو شَيْبَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ مَوْصُولًا وَأَبُو شَيْبَةَ ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ wrote to Mu'adh bin Jabal that whoever accepts Islam from among the Muslims, they have the rights that the Muslims have, and they are accountable for the obligations that the Muslims have. And whoever resides in a Jewish or Christian area, they have to pay a dinar or its equivalent in goods, whether they are male or female, free or slave. And for every thirty cattle, whether buying or selling, there should be one cow. And for every forty old cows, there should be one speckled calf. And for every forty camels, there should be one Laibun offspring. And for what is watered by rain or by the flowing of a river, one-tenth is to be given. And for what is watered by wells or by irrigation, one-half of the tenth should be given. This can only be verified by this chain of narrators.  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ؓ أَنَّ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَهُ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَنْ أَقَامَ عَلَى يَهُودِيَّةٍ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ فَعَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارٌ أَوْ عِدْلُهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِرِ ذَكَرًا أَوْ أُنْثَى حُرًّا أَوْ مَمْلُوكًا وَفِي كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ تَبِيعٌ أَوْ تَبِيعَةٌ وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةٌ مُسِنَّةٌ وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ وَفِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ أَوْ سُقِيَ فَيْحًا الْعُشْرُ وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالْغَرْبِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ هَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ إِلَّا بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ  

[Machine] That the Prophet's peace be upon them, their treaty was for the people under the protection of Yemen for a dinar each year. They did not prove that women were included in those who paid the jizyah (tax). Most of them said that it was not taken from their crops, and they had crops, nor from their livestock, and we have no knowledge of that. Some of them said that some governors came to them and claimed five of their crops, or wanted it, and they denied that. So, whoever I described, informed me that the general rule for the people under the protection of Yemen from Himyar was that Mu'adh took a dinar from each of them who had reached the age of maturity, and they called the one who had reached the age of maturity "Halim". They said that it was written in the Prophet's book with Mu'adh that a dinar was required from each "Halim".  

أَنَّ صُلْحَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَهُمْ كَانَ لِأَهْلِ ذِمَّةِ الْيَمَنِ عَلَى دِينَارٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَلَا يُثْبِتُونَ أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ كُنَّ فِيمَنْ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَقَالَ عَامَّتُهُمْ وَلَمْ تُؤْخَذْ مِنْ زُرُوعِهِمْ وَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ زُرُوعٌ وَلَا مِنْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ شَيْئًا عَلِمْنَاهُ وَقَالَ لِي بَعْضُهُمْ قَدْ جَاءَنَا بَعْضُ الْوُلَاةِ فَخَمَسَ زُرُوعَهُمْ أَوْ أَرَادَهَا فَأُنْكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ فَكُلُّ مَنْ وَصَفْتُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ عَامَّةَ ذِمَّةِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ حِمْيَرَ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُ عَدَدًا كَثِيرًا مِنْ ذِمَّةِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانِ الْيَمَنِ فَكُلُّهُمْ أَثْبَتَ لِي لَا يَخْتَلِفُ قَوْلُهُمْ أَنَّ مُعَاذًا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ دِينَارًا عَنْ كُلِّ بَالِغٍ مِنْهُمْ وَسَمَّوَا الْبَالِغَ حَالِمًا قَالُوا وَكَانَ فِي كِتَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعَ مُعَاذٍ أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ imposed the jizyah tax on every person who converted from the people of Yemen, with a dinar each.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى كُلِّ مُحْتَلِمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ دِينَارًا دِينَارًا  

[Machine] This is the book of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that is with us, which he wrote to 'Amr ibn Hazm when he sent him to Yemen. He mentioned in it towards the end that whoever among the Jews or Christians embraces Islam sincerely from himself, then he has the same rights and responsibilities as the believers. And whoever remains on Christianity or Judaism, then he will not be tempted away from it. And in any case, whether male or female, free or slave, if someone pays the prescribed tribute or gives up their wealth, such as clothing, then he will have the protection of Allah and the protection of His Messenger. And whoever refuses to do so, then he is an enemy of Allah and His Messenger and the believers. This narration is disconnected and does not have a continuous chain of narration. It was also narrated from another source that is also disconnected. Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, reporting from Abu Ja'far al-Baghdadi, reporting from Abu 'Utah, reporting from his father, reporting from Ibn Lahi'ah, who reported from Abu al-Aswad, who reported from 'Urwah, who said: "This is a book from Muhammad ﷺ to the people of Yemen, in which he mentioned the hadith in a way similar to the hadith of Ibn Hazm."  

هَذَا كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَذَكَرَهُ وَفِي آخِرِهِ وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ إِسْلَامًا خَالِصًا مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فَدَانَ دِينَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَهُ مَا لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ أَوْ يَهُودِيَّةٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُفْتَنُ عَنْهَا وَعَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ دِينَارٌ وَافٍ أَوْ عَرْضُهُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ فَمَنْ أَدَّى ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ وَمَنْ مَنَعَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ عَدُوُّ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَلَيْسَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ 18675 وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُنْقَطِعًا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ ثنا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ ثنا أَبِي ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ حَزْمٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote me a letter, this is its copy. He mentioned in it that whoever remains on Judaism or Christianity, he will not be forced away from it. And he will have to pay the jizyah tax in any case, whether male or female, free or slave, with a dinar or the equivalent in property. This narration has unknown narrators and has not been confirmed by scholars as an authentic hadith. Whoever agrees with its words and the words before it, it is a narration from a discredited source. And whoever adds to it, caution should be exercised. And with Allah is success.  

كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كِتَابًا هَذَا نُسْخَتُهُ فَذَكَرَهَا وَفِيهَا وَمَنْ يَكُنْ عَلَى يَهُودِيَّتِهِ أَوْ عَلَى نَصْرَانِيَّتِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُفْتَنُ عَنْهَا وَعَلَيْهِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ دِينَارٌ أَوْ قِيمَتُهُ مِنَ الْمَعَافِرِ وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِي رُوَاتِهَا مَنْ يُجْهَلُ وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ بِمِثْلِهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ حَدِيثٌ فَالَّذِي يُوَافِقُ مِنْ أَلْفَاظِهَا وَأَلْفَاظِ مَا قَبْلَهَا رِوَايَةَ مَسْرُوقٍ مَقُولٌ بِهِ وَالَّذِي يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهَا وَجَبَ التَّوَقُّفُ فِيهِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck a deal with the Christians of Mecca, a dinar per year.  

ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى نَصَارَى بِمَكَّةَ دِينَارًا لِكُلِّ سَنَةٍ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ struck a Christian man in Mecca called Muhab with a dinar every year. And the Prophet ﷺ struck the Christians of Ayla with three hundred dinars every year. And they were to provide hospitality to any Muslims who passed by them, three in number, and not deceive any Muslim. Ibrahim informed us, and Is'haq ibn Abdullah narrated, that they were three hundred in number, and on that day, the Prophet ﷺ struck them with three hundred dinars every year. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the people of Najran offered him gifts, taking it to him, and his treaty with them confirmed that it was not in dinars. And that what they agreed upon was permissible."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَرَبَ عَلَى نَصْرَانِيٍّ بِمَكَّةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَوْهَبٌ دِينَارًا كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ضَرَبَ عَلَى نَصَارَى أَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَأَنْ يُضَيِّفُوا مَنْ مَرَّ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثَلَاثًا وَأَنْ لَا يَغُشُّوا مُسْلِمًا 18679 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنْبَأَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ فَضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ثُمَّ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى حُلَلٍ يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَيْهِ فَدَلَّ صُلْحُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ الدَّنَانِيرِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ مَا صُولِحُوا عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] Salih, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , took from the people of Najran two thousand half garments, half in Safar and half in Rajab, which they used to deliver to the Muslims. He also took thirty coats of armor, thirty horses, thirty camels, and thirty of each type of weapon, which the Muslims used in their battles. The Muslims guaranteed to return these items to them if they were attacked from the direction of Yemen. Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "I have heard from some of the knowledgeable Muslims and the people of the Covenant from the people of Najran that the value of what was taken from each individual was more than a dinar."  

صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ حُلَّةٍ النِّصْفُ فِي صَفَرٍ وَالنِّصْفُ فِي رَجَبٍ يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَارِيَةٍ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ فَرَسًا وَثَلَاثِينَ بَعِيرًا وَثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْ أَصْنَافِ السِّلَاحِ يَغْزُونَ بِهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ ضَامِنُونَ لَهَا حَتَّى يَرُدُّوهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِنْ كَانَ بِالْيَمَنِ كَيْدٌ 18681 قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمَنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ قِيمَةَ مَا أُخِذَ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ دِينَارٍ  

[Machine] That they do not impose the jizya except on those who are able to pay it, and their jizya is forty dirhams for the people of paper, and four dinars for the people of gold, and they are responsible for the sustenance of the Muslims from the wheat of Medinah, and three installments of oil for each person every month. And for those from the people of Syria and the people of the jizya, and those from the people of Egypt, it is one shirt for each person every month. And for the people of Wadak and honey, something we have not preserved. And from the silk that the Amir al-Mu'minin used to give the people, something we have not preserved. And they receive those who stay with them from the people of Islam for three days. And for the people of Iraq, it is fifteen sa' for each person. And Umar would not impose the jizya on women. And he would put seals on the necks of the men of the people of the jizya.  

أَنْ لَا يَضَعُوا الْجِزْيَةَ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ أَوْ مَرَّتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَوَاسِي وَجِزْيَتُهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ مِنْهُمْ وَأَرْبَعَةُ دَنَانِيرَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ مُدَّيْنِ وَثَلَاثَةُ أَقْسَاطِ زَيْتٍ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ كُلَّ شَهْرٍ وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِرْدَبٌّ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ كُلَّ شَهْرٍ وَمِنَ الْوَدَكِ وَالْعَسَلِ شَيْءٌ لَمْ نَحْفَظْهُ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْبَزِّ الَّتِي كَانَ يَكْسُوَهَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ النَّاسَ شَيْءٌ لَمْ نَحْفَظْهُ وَيُضَيِّفُونَ مَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَا يَضْرِبُ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَكَانَ يَخْتِمُ فِي أَعْنَاقِ رِجَالِ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ