[Machine] That they may not impose the jizya (tax) on women and children and may not impose it except on those who have the means, and they shall stamp on their necks and put their taxes on their heads, on the people of the paper (non-Muslims) forty dirhams. And even so, it is the provision of the Muslims. And on the people of gold, four dinars. And on the people of Sham (Greater Syria) among them, measures of wheat and three installments of oil. And on the people of Egypt, a bundle of wheat and clothing and honey that cannot be preserved. How much is that? And on the people of Iraq, fifteen saa (measures) of wheat. Ubaidullah mentioned clothing that cannot be preserved.  

أَنْ لَا يَضْرِبُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَلَا يَضْرِبُوهَا إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَوَاسِي وَيَخْتِمَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ وَيَجْعَلَ جِزْيَتَهُمْ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مِنْهُمْ مُدَّيْ حِنْطَةٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ أَقْسَاطِ زَيْتٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِرْدَبَّ حِنْطَةٍ وَكِسْوَةً وَعَسَلًا لَا يَحْفَظُهُ نَافِعٌ كَمْ ذَلِكَ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا حِنْطَةً قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ وَذَكَرَ كِسْوَةً لَا أَحْفَظُهَا  

[Machine] Yes, the number was forty-eight, but he made it fifty. Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated in the past from Ibrahim ibn Saad from Ibn Shihab that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, used to increase the stipend for the people of As-Sawad when they were self-sufficient, and when they became poor, he would relieve them. And this (narration) is disconnected.  

نَعَمْ فَكَانَ ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ فَجَعَلَهَا خَمْسِينَ وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ إِذَا اسْتَغْنَى أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ زَادَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِذَا افْتَقَرُوا وَضَعَ عَنْهُمْ وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ  

[Machine] About Umar, both of them were sent.  

عَنْ عُمَرَ وَكِلَاهُمَا مُرْسَلٌ  

[Machine] That Umar ibn al-Khattab imposed the jizya upon the people of gold at four dinars, and upon the people of paper (i.e. money) at forty dirhams. In addition to that, he provided sustenance for the Muslims and hospitality for three days.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ ضَرَبَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَضِيَافَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ  

[Machine] Because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the hospitality three, and it is permissible that he made it for a people three times, and for another people for a day and a night, and he did not make hospitality for others as his treaty with them differs, so some hadiths do not refute each other.  

لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ الضِّيَافَةَ ثَلَاثًا وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَعَلَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ ثَلَاثًا وَعَلَى قَوْمٍ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى آخَرِينَ ضِيَافَةً كَمَا يَخْتَلِفُ صُلْحُهُ لَهُمْ فَلَا يَرُدُّ بَعْضُ الْحَدِيثِ بَعْضًا  

[Machine] Regarding Hisham, if a man from the Muslims is killed in their land, then they are responsible for his blood money.  

عَنْ هِشَامٍ وَإِنْ قُتِلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَرْضِهِمْ فَعَلَيْهِمْ دِيَتُهُ  

My ears heard and my eyes saw the Prophet ﷺ when he spoke, "Anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day, should serve his neighbor generously, and anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day should serve his guest generously by giving him his reward." It was asked. "What is his reward, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He said, "(To be entertained generously) for a day and a night with high quality of food and the guest has the right to be entertained for three days (with ordinary food) and if he stays longer, what he will be provided with will be regarded as Sadaqa (a charitable gift). And anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day should talk what is good or keep quiet (i.e. abstain from all kinds of dirty and evil talks). (Using translation from Bukhārī 6019)   

سَمِعَتْ أُذُنَايَ وَأَبْصَرَتْ عَيْنَايَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمَنَّ جَارَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ جَائِزَتَهُ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَمَا جَائِزَتُهُ؟ قَالَ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ وَالضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ وَلَا يَثْوِي عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى يُحْرِجَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْرًا أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ  

[Machine] "From the saying of the Prophet ﷺ , his reward is a day and a night. He will honor him, gift him, and protect him for a day and a night, and for three days, as a guest."  

عَنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَائِزَتُهُ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ قَالَ يُكْرِمُهُ وَيُتْحِفُهُ وَيَحْفَظُهُ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً وَثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ضِيَافَةً  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Hospitality extend for three days, and what goes beyond that is sadaqah (charity). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3749)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ حَقُّ الضِّيَافَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Hospitality extend for three days, and what goes beyond that is sadaqah (charity). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3749)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ  

we said: Messenger of Allah! You send us out and we come to people who do not give hospitality, so what is your opinion? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If you come to people who order for you what is fitting for a guest, accept it; but if they do not, take from them what is fitting for them to give to a guest. Abu Dawud said: And this is an authority for a man to take a thing if it is due to him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3752)   

قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ تَبْعَثُنَا فَنَنْزِلُ بِقَوْمٍ فَلَا يَقْرُونَنَا فَمَا تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ بِقَوْمٍ فَأَمَرُوا لَكُمْ بِمَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ فَاقْبَلُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ حَقَّ الضَّيْفِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: It is a duty of every Muslim (to provide hospitality) to a guest for a night. If anyone comes in the morning to his house, it is a debt due to him. If he wishes, he may fulfil it, and if he wishes he may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3750)   

سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَيْلَةُ الضَّيْفِ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ الضَّيْفُ بِفِنَائِهِ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ أَوْ قَالَ دَيْنٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اقْتَضَاهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If any Muslim is a guest of people and is given nothing, it is the duty of every Muslim to help him to the extent of taking for him from their crop and property for the entertainment of one night. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3751)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ضَافَ قَوْمًا وَأَصْبَحَ الضَّيْفُ مَحْرُومًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ نَصْرُهُ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ بِقِرَى لَيْلَتِهِ مِنْ زَرْعِهِ وَمَالِهِ  

[Machine] A group of Ansar people left Kufa for Medina, and they came to a neighborhood of the Bani Asad tribe who were widowed. They asked them for a transaction, but they had no goods for sale. They asked them for some villages, but they said they couldn't afford their villages. They continued to argue until they fought each other. The Bedouins left their houses and belongings for them and took a sheep from every ten of them. They went to Umar and told him about it. He praised Allah and thanked Him and said if he had been there, he would have done the same. He then wrote to the people of the cities and the people under protection to prepare a place for the guest. Qais then narrated that Abdul Rahman Ibn Abi Layla informed him that his father told him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ distributed some sheep among his companions, giving every ten individuals a sheep. He said it was a Sunnah. Qais also narrated that Ibn Abi Layla informed him that Umar wrote to prepare a place for the Muslims and the protected ones for a night stay. Ibn Abi Layla said, "I remember that the people of the land used to host us for a night stay, and we used to say 'Sham' in Persian language means dinner."  

خَرَجَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَأَتَوْا عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ وَقَدْ أَرْمَلُوا فَسَأَلُوهُمُ الْبَيْعَ وَقَدْ رَاحَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَالٌ لَهُمْ حَسَنٌ قَالُوا مَا عِنْدَنَا بَيْعٌ فَسَأَلُوهُمُ الْقِرَى قَالُوا مَا نُطِيقُ قِرَاكُمْ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْأَعْرَابِ حَتَّى اقْتَتَلُوا فَتَرَكَتْ لَهُمُ الْأَعْرَابُ الْبُيُوتَ وَمَا فِيهَا فَأَخَذُوا لِكُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ مِنْهُمْ شَاةً قَالَ فَأَتَوْا عُمَرَ ؓ فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَامَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِي هَذَا لَفَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ وَأَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ بِنُزُلِ لَيْلَةٍ لِلضَّيْفِ قَالَ قَيْسٌ فَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَسَمَ غَنَمًا بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَعْطَى كُلَّ عَشَرَةٍ شَاةً وَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ سُنَّةً قَالَ وَقَدْ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْقُدُورِ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَأُكْفِئَتْ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِخَيْبَرَ قَالَ قَيْسٌ وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَتَبَ بِنُزُلِ لَيْلَةٍ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُعَاهَدِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَدْ أَذْكُرُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ كَانُوا يَسْتَقْبِلُونَنَا بِنُزُلِ لَيْلَةٍ نَقُولُ بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ شام قَالَ التَّرْقُفِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ يَقُولُونَ شام أَيْ عَشَاءٌ  

[Machine] "And whatever group of the emigrants are given asylum by the people of a city from among the residents of a treaty, and they do not join them in fighting, then their protection is void from them."  

وَأَيُّمَا رُفْقَةٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ آوَاهُمُ اللَّيْلُ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى الْمُعَاهَدِينَ مِنْ مُسَافِرِينَ فَلَمْ يَأْتُوهُمْ بِالْقِرَى فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُمُ الذِّمَّةُ  

[Machine] We used to partake in the fruits of the people of the covenant and their excess (wealth), and we would not share in their wives or their wealth. And we used to harness and guide the pack animals to guide us on the way.  

كُنَّا نُصِيبُ مِنْ ثِمَارِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَأَعْلَافِهِمْ وَلَا نُشَارِكُهُمْ فِي نِسَائِهِمْ وَلَا أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَكُنَّا نُسَخِّرُ الْعِلْجَ يَهْدِينَا إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ  

[Machine] I said to Ibn Abbas, "We come to the village at night and knock on the door. If it is not opened, we break the door and take the sheep and slaughter it." He asked, "Why do you do that?" I said, "We consider it permissible for us." He then recited this verse, "That is because they said, 'There is no blame upon us concerning the unlettered people. They said, 'There is no blame upon us concerning the unlettered people. And they speak untruth about Allah while they know [it].'" (Quran 3:75) And this verse is about the people with whom they did not make a peace treaty, so they did not have the right to enjoy their hospitality. And Allah knows best.  

قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّا نَأْتِي الْقَرْيَةَ بِالسَّوَادِ فَنَسْتَفْتِحُ الْبَابَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُفْتَحْ لَنَا كَسَرْنَا الْبَابَ فَأَخَذْنَا الشَّاةَ فَذَبَحْنَاهَا قَالَ وَلِمَ تَفْعَلُونَ ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّا نَرَاهُ لَنَا حَلَالًا قَالَ فَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ} [آل عمران 75] وَهَذَا إِنْ كَانَ فِي الْمُعَاهَدِينَ؛ فَلِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُصَالِحُوهُمْ عَلَى الضِّيَافَةِ فَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُمْ تَنَاوُلُهَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] That they should not impose the jizya except on those who have the means to pay it. He said: And the jizya was not imposed on women and children. Yahya said: And this is the known practice among our companions.  

أَنْ لَا يَضْرِبُوا الْجِزْيَةَ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَوَاسِي قَالَ وَكَانَ لَا يَضْرِبُ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ قَالَ يَحْيَى وَهَذَا الْمَعْرُوفُ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِنَا  

[Machine] That they should not impose the jizya except on those who are capable and that they should not impose the jizya on women and children. And Umar used to seal the necks of the people of jizya.  

أَنْ لَا يَضَعُوا الْجِزْيَةَ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَوَاسِي وَلَا يَضَعُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ يَخْتِمُ أَهْلَ الْجِزْيَةِ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ  

[Machine] The Prophet (PBUH) said, "There is no tax on a believer, and two qiblas cannot meet on the Arabian Peninsula." And that's it.  

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى مُؤْمِنٍ جِزْيَةٌ وَلَا يَجْتَمِعُ قِبْلَتَانِ فِي جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The 'Ushr (one-tenth) is only for the Jews and Christians and it is not for the Muslims." This is a wording from the Hadith of Abu al-Ahwas, and in another narration from Jarir, he said from Harb ibn Hilal, from Abu Ummi, a man from the Banu Taghlib, that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "There is no 'Ushr for the Muslims, it is only for the Jews and Christians."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَلَيْسَتْ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُشُورٌ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمِّهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُشُورٌ إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى  

[Machine] I came to the Prophet ﷺ and accepted Islam. He taught me about Islam and how to take charity from my people who have embraced Islam. Then I returned to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I have memorized everything you have taught me except for charity. Shall I give them a tenth?" He replied, "No, only one-tenth is due on Christians and Jews." Abu Ali al-Rawdhbari informed us that Muhammad ibn Bakr narrated to us from Abu Dawood, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Bazaz, who narrated from Abu Nuaim, who narrated from Abdul Salam. He mentioned this hadith and its number is 18,705. Abu Ali al-Rawdhbari informed us that Muhammad ibn Bakr narrated to us from Abu Dawood, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Ubaid al-Muharibi, who narrated from Waki, who heard from Sufyan, who heard from Ata ibn Saib, who heard from Harb ibn Ubaidullah, who heard from the Prophet ﷺ in a similar narration of the hadith of Abu al-Ahwas, except that he said, "It is a tax in place of al-Ashur." Abu Nuaim also narrated from Sufyan, who narrated from Ata, who narrated from Harb, who narrated from a relative of his who heard from the Prophet ﷺ .  

أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمْتُ وَعَلَّمَنِي الْإِسْلَامَ وَعَلَّمَنِي كَيْفَ آخُذُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ قَوْمِي مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كُلُّ مَا عَلَّمْتَنِي قَدْ حَفِظْتُ إِلَّا الصَّدَقَةَ أَفَأَعْشُرُهُمْ؟ قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا الْعُشْرُ عَلَى النَّصَارَى وَالْيَهُودِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَزَّازُ ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ثنا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ فَذَكَرَهُ 18705 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ ثنا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَاجٌ مَكَانَ الْعُشُورِ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ حَرْبٍ عَنْ خَالٍ لَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] I said: O Messenger of Allah, should I pay Zakat (a form of obligatory charity) from my people? He said: Zakat is only upon the Jews and Christians. And it was narrated by Hammad bin Salama from Harb bin Ubaidullah from a man among his tribesmen.  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَعْشُرُ قَوْمِي؟ قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَخْوَالِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, "Muslims are not obligated to pay the 'ushr' (a form of taxation), rather it is for the Jews and Christians." Al-Abbas said, "Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated this from Abu Hamidah, who said Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated it and it was also narrated by Al-Bukhari in his history from Ahmad ibn Yunus from Abu Bakr from Nusayr from Ata from Harb ibn Ubaydullah from Abu Hamidah from the Prophet, ﷺ ." Abu Hamza also said that Ata ibn al-Harith al-Thaqafi reported that his father told him and he was among those who had come to the Prophet, ﷺ , as part of a delegation. If this is correct, then Allah knows best, he meant taxing their wealth when they differed in trade. But when they embraced Islam, this was lifted from them.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُشُورٌ إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ هَكَذَا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمِدَةَ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنْ نُصَيْرٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمِدَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ وَفَدَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ فَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ تَعْشِيرَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِذَا اخْتَلَفُوا بِالتِّجَارَةِ فَإِذَا أَسْلَمُوا رُفِعَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ  

[Machine] A man from the people converted to Islam, so the jizyah was no longer collected from him. He went to Umar and informed him, so Umar wrote that the jizyah should not be taken from him. Abu Ubaid al-Shu'ubi said, "The non-Arab people are exempted from it here."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الشُّعُوبِ أَسْلَمَ فَكَانَتْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ فَأَتَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَكَتَبَ أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ الْجِزْيَةُ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الشُّعُوبُ الْعَجَمُ هَهُنَا  

A Jewess used to abuse the Prophet ﷺ and disparage him. A man strangled her till she died. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ declared that no recompense was payable for her blood. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4362)   

أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً كَانَتْ تَشْتُمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَتَقَعُ فِيهِ فَخَنَقَهَا رَجُلٌ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَأَبْطَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دَمَهَا  

[Machine] Arafa ibn Al-Harith Al-Kindi encountered a Christian who invited him to Islam. He mentioned this to the Prophet ﷺ, and Arafa raised his hand and touched his nose. The matter was then presented to Amr ibn Al-Aas. Amr said, "Give them the protection pact." Arafa replied, "I swear by Allah, we cannot give them the protection pact on the condition that they openly insult the Prophet ﷺ. We only give it to them so that there is a separation between them and their churches, where they can say whatever they want, and so that we don't impose burdens on them that they cannot bear. And if they become enemies, we fight them from behind, but we still maintain a separation between them and their laws, unless they accept our laws willingly. Then we judge between them according to the judgment of Allah and His Messenger. And if they disappear from us, we do not pursue them in that matter." Amr said, "You have spoken the truth." And Arafa was a companion of his.  

أَنَّ عَرَفَةَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الْكِنْدِيَّ مَرَّ بِهِ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَتَنَاوَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَذَكَرَهُ فَرَفَعَ عَرَفَةُ يَدَهُ فَدَقَّ أَنْفَهُ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو أَعْطَيْنَاهُمُ الْعَهْدَ فَقَالَ عَرَفَةُ مَعَاذَ اللهِ أَنْ نَكُونَ أَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُظْهِرُوا شَتْمَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ نُخَلِّيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ كَنَائِسِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ فِيهَا مَا بَدَا لَهُمْ وَأَنْ لَا نُحَمِّلَهُمْ مَا لَا يَطِيقُونَ وَإِنْ أَرَادَهُمْ عَدُوٌّ قَاتَلْنَاهُمْ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ وَنُخَلِّيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ أَحْكَامِهِمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتُوا رَاضِينَ بِأَحْكَامِنَا فَنَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِحُكْمِ اللهِ وَحُكْمِ رَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ غَيَّبُوا عَنَّا لَمْ نَعْرِضْ لَهُمْ فِيهَا قَالَ عَمْرٌو صَدَقْتَ وَكَانَ عَرَفَةُ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ  

[Machine] Ibn Shihab said, "This is a hadith of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he went to the Banu Nadir seeking their assistance against the Banu Qurayza. The Banu Nadir had claimed that they had conveyed secretly to the Quraysh when they camped at the Battle of Uhud to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They incited the Quraysh to fight and directed them towards the rear. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed them regarding the issue with the Banu Qurayza, they said, 'Sit, Abu al-Qasim, until you are fed and your need is fulfilled, and then we will consult and rectify our situation regarding the matter for which you have come to us.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat down, and those who followed him sat as well, leaning against a wall, waiting for their matter to be rectified. When they all sat, and Shaytan was with them and did not leave them, they conspired to kill the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They said, 'You will not find a better opportunity than now to kill him, so be at ease, be safe in your homes, and calamity will be lifted from you.' A man said, 'If you wish, I can go up to the roof and throw a stone at him and kill him.' Allah inspired him and informed him of their plot. So Allah protected him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up as if he wanted to fulfill a need and left his companions sitting, and he waited for the enemies of Allah. Then a man from the people of Madinah came and they asked him about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, 'I met him, and he entered the alleys of Madinah.' They said to his companions, 'Quickly, Abu al-Qasim needs us to go and support him in his need.' So the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up and returned. The Quran descended, and Allah knows best what the enemies of Allah did. He said, 'O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when a people determined to extend their hands [in aggression] against you, but He withheld their hands from you. And fear Allah. And upon Allah let the believers rely.'" And this is the end of the narration.  

قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ هَذَا حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ يَسْتَعِينُهُمْ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيِّينَ وَكَانُوا زَعَمُوا قَدْ دَسُّوا إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ حِينَ نَزَلُوا بِأُحُدٍ فِي قِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَحَضُّوهُمْ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ وَدَلُّوهُمْ عَلَى الْعَوْرَةِ فَلَمَّا كَلَّمَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيِّينَ قَالُوا اجْلِسْ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَ وَتَرْجِعَ بِحَاجَتِكَ وَنَقُومَ فَنَتَشَاوَرَ وَنُصْلِحَ أَمْرَنَا فِيمَا جِئْتَنَا لَهُ فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي ظِلِّ جِدَارٍ يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يُصْلِحُوا أَمْرَهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَلَسُوا وَالشَّيْطَانُ مَعَهُمْ لَا يُفَارِقُهُمُ ائْتَمَرُوا بِقَتْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا لَنْ تَجِدُوهُ أَقْرَبَ مِنْهُ الْآنَ فَاسْتَرِيحُوا مِنْهُ تَأْمَنُوا فِي دِيَارِكُمْ وَيُرْفَعْ عَنْكُمُ الْبَلَاءُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ ظَهَرْتُ فَوْقَ الْبَيْتِ وَدَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَجَرًا فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَأَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا ائْتَمَرُوا مِنْ شَأْنِهِ فَعَصَمَهُ اللهُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ يَقْضِيَ حَاجَةً وَتَرَكَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِمْ وَانْتَظَرَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ فَرَاثَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَقِيتُهُ قَدْ دَخَلَ أَزِقَّةَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالُوا لِأَصْحَابِهِ عَجِلَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ أَمْرَنَا فِي حَاجَتِهِ الَّتِي جَاءَ بِهَا ثُمَّ قَامَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعُوا وَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالَّذِي جَاءَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ فَقَالَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَعَلَى اللهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ عَلَى مَا أَرَادُوا بِهِ وَعَلَى خِيَانَتِهِمْ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ أَمَرَ بِإِجْلَائِهِمْ وَإِخْرَاجِهِمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسِيرُوا حَيْثُ شَاءُوا إِلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ  

[Machine] O Commander of the Faithful, I saw him driving with a Muslim woman, so he struck the donkey to make it stumble, but it did not stumble. Then he pushed her, and she fell off the donkey. Then they both started arguing. I did what you see. Omar said to him, "Bring the woman so that she may testify for you." Awf came with the woman and mentioned what Omar had told him. Her father and husband said, "What did you intend with our companion? You exposed her." The woman said, "By Allah, I will go with him to the Commander of the Faithful." When they all agreed on that, her father and husband said, "We will inform the Commander of the Faithful about you." So they came and testified for Awf ibn Malik's words. Omar said, "By Allah, we did not promise you this, O Jews." He commanded that he be crucified. Then he said, "O people, fulfill the covenant of Muhammad, ﷺ . Whoever among them does this, he has no covenant." Suwaid ibn Ghafalah said, "Indeed, he was the first crucified person I saw following him." Ibn Ashwa' narrated from Ash'abi that Awf ibn Malik said.  

يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَأَيْتُهُ يَسُوقُ بِامْرَأَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ فَنَخَسَ الْحِمَارَ لِيَصْرَعَهَا فَلَمْ تُصْرَعْ ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا فَخَرَّتْ عَنِ الْحِمَارِ ثُمَّ تَغَشَّاهَا فَفَعَلْتُ مَا تَرَى قَالَ ائْتِنِي بِالْمَرْأَةِ لِتُصَدِّقَكَ فَأَتَى عَوْفٌ الْمَرْأَةَ فَذَكَرَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ قَالَ أَبُوهَا وَزَوْجُهَا مَا أَرَدْتَ بِصَاحِبَتِنَا فَضَحْتَهَا فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَاللهِ لَأَذْهَبَنَّ مَعَهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَمَّا أَجْمَعَتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُوهَا وَزَوْجُهَا نَحْنُ نُبَلِّغُ عَنْكِ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَتَيَا فَصَدَّقَا عَوْفَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ بِمَا قَالَ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ وَاللهِ مَا عَلَى هَذَا عَاهَدْنَاكُمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَصُلِبَ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فُوا بِذِمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَمَنْ فَعَلَ مِنْهُمْ هَذَا فَلَا ذِمَّةَ لَهُ قَالَ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ غَفَلَةَ وَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَصْلُوبٍ رَأَيْتُهُ تَابَعَهُ ابْنُ أَشْوَعَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ  

[Machine] The cross is raised between you, and the pigs do not come near you.  

يُرْفَعَنَّ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْكُمُ الصَّلِيبُ وَلَا يُجَاوِرَنَّكُمُ الْخَنَازِيرُ  

[Machine] Every mosque in Egypt has been built by Muslims. There is no church or cathedral constructed in it, and no bell is rung in it. Pork meat is not sold in it.  

كُلُّ مِصْرٍ مَصَّرَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لَا يُبْنَى فِيهِ بِيعَةٌ وَلَا كَنِيسَةٌ وَلَا يُضْرَبُ فِيهِ بِنَاقُوسٍ وَلَا يُبَاعُ فِيهِ لَحْمُ خِنْزِيرٍ  

[Machine] Salah, the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , visited the people of Najran wearing 2,000 turbans, and he mentioned the Hadith as it was before. In it, he said that no treaty should be broken with them, no bishop should be expelled, and they should not be tempted away from their religion as long as they do not introduce something new or engage in usury.  

صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ حُلَّةٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ كَمَا مَضَى قَالَ فِيهِ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُهْدَمَ لَهُمْ بِيعَةٌ وَلَا يُخْرَجَ لَهُمْ قِسٌّ وَلَا يُفْتَنُونَ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثُوا حَدَثًا أَوْ يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا  

[Machine] A church where no bells are struck, nor wine or pork is brought into it, and whichever land the non-Arab takes possession of, the Arabs should fulfill their agreement with them in it and not burden them with what they cannot bear.  

كَنِيسَةً وَلَا يَضْرِبُوا فِيهِ نَاقُوسًا وَلَا يُدْخِلُوا فِيهِ خَمْرًا وَلَا خِنْزِيرًا وَأَيُّمَا مِصْرٍ اتَّخَذَهُ الْعَجَمُ فَعَلَى الْعَرَبِ أَنْ يَفُوا لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ فِيهِ وَلَا يُكَلِّفُوهُمْ مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُمْ بِهِ  

[Machine] "Not to build in our city or in its surroundings any monastery, church, synagogue, or idol temple, nor to restore what has been destroyed, nor revive what the Muslims have demolished, and not to prevent any of our churches from being visited by any Muslim, day or night, and to expand their doors for passersby and travelers, and to accommodate any Muslim who passes by us for three days and feed them, and not to harbor in our churches or homes any spies or hide any deception from the Muslims, and not to teach our children the Quran, or promote polytheism or invite anyone to it, and not to prevent anyone from our relatives from entering Islam if they wish, and to honor the Muslims and give them seats in our gatherings if they want to sit, and not to imitate them in any aspect of their clothing, such as the Qalansuwa, turban, sandals, or haircut, and not to speak their language or use their titles, or ride horses, or imitate them in any weapons, and not to carry them with us, and not to engrave our rings in Arabic, and not to sell wine, and to fulfill the agreements we made with them, and to wear our adornments wherever we are, and to tie our belts around our waists, and not to display our crosses on our churches, and not to strike the bells of our churches during the presence of the Muslims, and not to bring out lanterns or torches with them on any Muslim occasions, and not to exceed their funerals, and not to take anything from the captured slaves that have been hit by Muslim arrows, and to guide the Muslims without entering their homes, and when I came to Umar with the book, he added to it, and not to harm any Muslim, we have stipulated this for ourselves and the people of our religion, and we have accepted their safety guarantee, but if we violate anything we have stipulated for you, then we take the responsibility for it ourselves, and there is no protection for us, and you have the right to do what you want with the stubborn and disobedient among us."  

أَنْ لَا نُحْدِثَ فِي مَدِينَتِنَا وَلَا فِيمَا حَوْلَهَا دَيْرًا وَلَا كَنِيسَةً وَلَا قَلَّايَةً وَلَا صَوْمَعَةَ رَاهِبٍ وَلَا نُجَدِّدَ مَا خَرِبَ مِنْهَا وَلَا نُحْيِيَ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا فِي خُطَطِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَنْ لَا نَمْنَعَ كَنَائِسَنَا أَنْ يَنْزِلَهَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي لَيْلٍ وَلَا نَهَارٍ وَأَنْ نُوَسِّعَ أَبْوَابَهَا لِلْمَارَّةِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَأَنْ نُنْزِلَ مَنْ مَرَّ بِنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَنُطْعِمَهُمْ وَأَنْ لَا نُؤَمِّنَ فِي كَنَائِسِنَا وَلَا مَنَازِلِنَا جَاسُوسًا وَلَا نَكْتُمَ غِشًّا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا نُعَلِّمَ أَوْلَادَنَا الْقُرْآنَ وَلَا نُظْهِرَ شِرْكًا وَلَا نَدْعُوَ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدًا وَلَا نَمْنَعَ أَحَدًا مِنْ قَرَابَتِنَا الدُّخُولَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِنْ أَرَادَهُ وَأَنْ نُوَقِّرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَنْ نَقُومَ لَهُمْ مِنْ مَجَالِسِنَا إِنْ أَرَادُوا جُلُوسًا وَلَا نَتَشَبَّهَ بِهِمْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ لِبَاسِهِمْ مِنْ قَلَنْسُوَةٍ وَلَا عِمَامَةٍ وَلَا نَعْلَيْنِ وَلَا فَرْقِ شَعَرٍ وَلَا نَتَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامِهِمْ وَلَا نَتَكَنَّى بِكُنَاهُمْ وَلَا نَرْكَبَ السُّرُوجَ وَلَا نَتَقَلَّدَ السُّيُوفَ وَلَا نَتَّخِذَ شَيْئًا مِنَ السِّلَاحِ وَلَا نَحْمِلَهُ مَعَنَا وَلَا نَنْقُشَ خَوَاتِيمَنَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَلَا نَبِيعَ الْخُمُورَ وَأَنْ نَجُزَّ مَقَادِيمَ رُءُوسِنَا وَأَنْ نَلْزَمَ زِيَّنَا حَيْثُ مَا كُنَّا وَأَنْ نَشُدَّ الزَّنَانِيرَ عَلَى أَوْسَاطِنَا وَأَنْ لَا نُظْهِرَ صُلُبَنَا وَكُتُبَنَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا أَسْوَاقِهِمْ وَأَنْ لَا نُظْهِرَ الصَّلِيبَ عَلَى كَنَائِسِنَا وَأَنْ لَا نَضْرِبَ بِنَاقُوسٍ فِي كَنَائِسِنَا بَيْنَ حَضْرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَنْ لَا نُخْرِجَ سَعَانِينًا وَلَا بَاعُونًا وَلَا نَرْفَعَ أَصْوَاتَنَا مَعَ أَمْوَاتِنَا وَلَا نُظْهِرَ النِّيرَانَ مَعَهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا نُجَاوِزَهُمْ مَوْتَانَا وَلَا نَتَّخِذَ مِنَ الرَّقِيقِ مَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِ سِهَامُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَنْ نُرْشِدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا نَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ ؓ بِالْكِتَابِ زَادَ فِيهِ وَأَنْ لَا نَضْرِبَ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَرَطْنَا لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا وَأَهْلِ مِلَّتِنَا وَقَبِلْنَا مِنْهُمُ الْأَمَانَ فَإِنْ نَحْنُ خَالَفْنَا شَيْئًا مِمَّا شَرَطْنَاهُ لَكُمْ فَضَمِنَّاهُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا فَلَا ذِمَّةَ لَنَا وَقَدْ حَلَّ لَكُمْ مَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمُعَانَدَةِ وَالشَّقَاوَةِ  

[Machine] That the necks of the people of jizyah should be stamped with [a seal].  

أَنِ اخْتِمُوا رِقَابَ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The young should greet the elders, the one walking should greet the one sitting, and the few should greet the many."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُسَلِّمُ الصَّغِيرُ عَلَى الْكَبِيرِ وَالْمَارُّ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِ وَالْقَلِيلُ عَلَى الْكَثِيرِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The one who is riding should greet the one who is walking, and the one who is walking should greet the one who is sitting, and the small group should greet the larger group." Ibn Jurayj said, "Abu Zubair informed me that he heard Jabir say, 'When two people who are walking meet, the one who initiates the greeting is better.'"  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يُسَلِّمُ الرَّاكِبُ عَلَى الْمَاشِي وَالْمَاشِي عَلَى الْقَاعِدِ وَالْقَلِيلُ عَلَى الْكَثِيرِ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا يَقُولُ الْمَاشِيَانِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا فَأَيُّهُمَا بَدَأَ بِالسَّلَامِ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, you will meet the Jews tomorrow, so do not initiate the greeting of peace to them. And if they greet you with peace, then say, 'and upon you.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكُمْ لَاقُونَ الْيَهُودَ غَدًا فَلَا تَبْدءُوهُمْ بِالسَّلَامِ فَإِنْ سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْكُمْ فَقُولُوا وَعَلَيْكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed, when a Jew greets you, one of them will say to you, 'As-salamu 'alaykum,' so say to him, 'Alayka.'"  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ إِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَقُولُ السَّامُ عَلَيْكَ فَقُلْ عَلَيْكَ  

[Machine] A group of Jews entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "As-Salamu 'Alaykum" (peace be upon you). Aisha said, "So I understood it and therefore I said, 'Upon you is 'Al-Sam' (death) and 'Al-La'nah' (curse)'. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Wait a moment, O Aisha. Verily, Allah loves gentleness in everything.' Aisha said, 'So I said, O Messenger of Allah, did you not hear what they said?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have already responded to them by saying, 'Upon you is'."  

دَخَلَ رَهْطٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا السَّامُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَفَهِمْتُهَا فَقُلْتُ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّامُ وَاللَّعْنَةُ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَهْلًا يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الرِّفْقَ فِي الْأَمْرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ مَا قَالُوا؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ قُلْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ  

[Machine] He passed by a man whose appearance was that of a Muslim, so he greeted him and he responded, "And upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings." The boy said to him, "Do you know whom you responded to?" He replied, "Is he not a Muslim man?" They said, "No, but he is a Christian." Uqbah stood up and followed him until he caught up with him and said, "Indeed, the mercy of Allah and His blessings are upon the believers, but may Allah prolong your life and increase your wealth." And we have narrated from Ibn Umar the meaning of initiation with a greeting.  

أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ هَيْئَتُهُ هَيْئَةُ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ فَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ عُقْبَةُ وَعَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْغُلَامُ أَتَدْرِي عَلَى مَنْ رَدَدْتَ؟ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ بِرَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ؟ فَقَالُوا لَا وَلَكِنَّهُ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَقَامَ عُقْبَةُ فَتَبِعَهُ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَحْمَةَ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتِهِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكِنْ أَطَالَ اللهُ حَيَاتَكَ وَأَكْثَرَ مَالَكَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَعْنَاهُ فِي الِابْتِدَاءِ بِالسَّلَامِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "When you meet the polytheists on the road, do not initiate the greeting of peace to them, and compel them to the narrower part."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَلَا تَبْدءُوهُمْ بِالسَّلَامِ وَاضْطَرُّوهُمْ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "When you meet them, do not initiate with them the greeting of peace and force them to the narrowest part of the road." He said this referring to the Christians with regards to description, but we see it applying to the polytheists.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَلَا تَبْدَءُوهُمْ بِالسَّلَامِ وَاضْطَرُّوهُمْ إِلَى أَضْيَقِ الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ هَذَا لِلنَّصَارَى فِي النَّعْتِ وَنَحْنُ نَرَاهُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ  

[Machine] "To elevate to him what he took and what he gave in a single eternity, and Abu Musa had a Christian scribe who would raise that to him, and Umar was amazed. He said, 'Verily, this is a protector.' And he said, 'Indeed, we have a book in the mosque.' And he had come from Sham, so call him to recite it,' Abu Musa said, 'He is unable to enter the mosque.' So Umar said, 'Is he a non-believer?' He said, 'No, but he is a Christian.' Umar said, 'Then curse him.' He hit my thigh and said, 'Take him out.' And he recited, 'O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies. They are [in fact] allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them. Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.' (Surah Al-Maida 51). And he mentioned the hadith."  

أَنْ يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَا أَخَذَ وَمَا أَعْطَى فِي أَدِيمٍ وَاحِدٍ وَكَانَ لِأَبِي مُوسَى كَاتِبٌ نَصْرَانِيٌّ يَرْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ فَعَجِبَ عُمَرُ ؓ وقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَحَافِظٌ وَقَالَ إِنَّ لَنَا كِتَابًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَكَانَ جَاءَ مِنَ الشَّامِ فَادْعُهُ فَلْيَقْرَأْ قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى إِنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَجُنُبٌ هُوَ؟ قَالَ لَا بَلْ نَصْرَانِيٌّ قَالَ فَانْتَهَرَنِي وَضَرَبَ فَخِذِي وَقَالَ أَخْرِجْهُ وَقَرَأَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ} [المائدة 51] وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

We alighted with the Prophet ﷺ at Khaybar, and he had his companions with him. The chief of Khaybar was a defiant and abominable man. He came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Is it proper for you, Muhammad, that you slaughter our donkeys, eat our fruit, and beat our women? The Prophet ﷺ became angry and said: Ibn Awf, ride your horse, and call loudly: Beware, Paradise is lawful only for a believer, and that they (the people) should gather for prayer. They gathered and the Prophet ﷺ led them in prayer, stood up and said: Does any of you, while reclining on his couch, imagine that Allah has prohibited only that which is to be found in this Qur'an? By Allah, I have preached, commanded and prohibited various matters as numerous as that which is found in the Qur'an, or more numerous. Allah has not permitted you to enter the houses of the people of the Book without permission, or beat their women, or eat their fruits when they give you that which is imposed on them. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3050)   

نَزَلْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَمَعَهُ مَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَكَانَ صَاحِبُ خَيْبَرَ رَجُلًا مَارِدًا مُنْكَرًا فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَلَكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا حُمُرَنَا وَتَأْكُلُوا ثِمَارَنَا وَتَضْرِبُوا نِسَاءَنَا؟ فَغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ ارْكَبْ فَرَسَكَ ثُمَّ نَادِ إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَأَنِ اجْتَمِعُوا لِلصَّلَاةِ قَالَ فَاجْتَمَعُوا ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ أَيَحْسَبُ أَحَدُكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ قَدْ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَا فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ أَلَا وَإِنِّي وَاللهِ قَدْ أَمَرْتُ وَوَعَظْتُ وَنَهَيْتُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِنَّهَا لَمِثْلُ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ وَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَمْ يُحِلَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ وَلَا ضَرْبَ نِسَائِهِمْ وَلَا أَكْلَ ثِمَارِهِمْ إِذَا أَعْطَوْكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ  

[Machine] From a man from Juhaynah who was one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ , narrated that the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Indeed, you may fight a people and show hostility towards them, then they may offer you their wealth while not sacrificing themselves or their children, and you reconcile with them on an agreement. So, do not take anything more from them in addition to that, for it is not permissible for you." Thaqafi, who was a disciple of Juhaynah, said: "I accompanied the Juhayni on military expeditions or journeys, and he was among the most generous of people towards the enemies."  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا وَتَظْهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيُفَادُوكُمْ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ دُونَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ وَتُصَالِحُوهُمْ عَلَى صُلْحٍ فَلَا تُصِيبُوا مِنْهُمْ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ قَالَ الثَّقَفِيُّ صَحِبْتُ الْجُهَنِيَّ فِي غَزَاةٍ أَوْ سَفَرٍ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَعَفِّ النَّاسِ عَنِ الْأَعْدَاءِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Probably you will fight with a people, you will dominate them, and they will save themselves and their children by their property. The version of Sa'id has You will then conclude peace with them. The agreed version goes: Then do no take anything from them more than that, for it is not proper for you. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3051)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا فَتَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَتَّقُونَكُمْ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ دُونَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ قَالَ سَعِيدٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ فَيُصَالِحُونَكُمْ عَلَى صُلْحٍ ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا فَلَا تُصِيبُوا مِنْهُمْ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَكُمْ  

[Machine] He informed him about thirty of the sons of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who narrated from their fathers, who narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said, "Verily, whoever wrongs a person with a covenant and diminishes his rights or burdens him with a task beyond his ability or takes something from him without his consent, then I am his adversary on the Day of Resurrection. And Allah's Messenger ﷺ pointed with his index finger towards his chest and said, "Verily, whoever kills a person who has a covenant, then he will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, even though its fragrance can be perceived from a distance of seventy years of travel."  

أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ آبَائِهِمْ دِنْيَةً عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَلَا مَنْ ظَلَمَ مُعَاهَدًا وَانْتَقَصَهُ وَكَلَّفَهُ فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِ أَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ فَأَنَا حَجِيجُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَشَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأُصْبُعِهِ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ أَلَا وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهَدًا لَهُ ذِمَّةُ اللهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ رِيحَ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لَتُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever kills a person who has made a covenant of peace (mu'ahid) unjustly, he will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, and indeed its fragrance can be found from a distance of forty years."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهَدًا بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ لَمْ يَرَحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّهُ لَيُوجَدُ رِيحُهَا مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever kills a person from the people of the covenant, will not smell the scent of Paradise, and indeed its fragrance can be detected from such and such a distance." Abu Amr Al-Adib informed us, Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili informed me, Abu Ahmad ibn Ziyad narrated to us, Ibn Abi Umar narrated to me, Marwan ibn Mu'awiya narrated to me, Al-Hasan ibn Amr mentioned it.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَمْ يَرَحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لَتُوجَدُ مِنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ ثنا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَذَكَرَهُ