59. Jizyah
٥٩۔ كِتَابُ الْجِزْيَةِ
Anas bin Malik said “The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ entered Makkah in the year of the conquest (of Makkah) wearing a helmet on his head. When he took off it a man came to him and said “Ibn Akhtal is hanging with the curtains of the Ka’bah.” He said “Kill him”. Abu Dawud said “The name of Ibn Akhtal is ‘Abd Allaah and Abu Barzat Al Aslami killed him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2685)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِغْفَرٌ فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ ابْنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ اقْتُلُوهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ
[Machine] On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ granted security to everyone except four men and two women. He ordered them to be killed if they were found hanging onto the curtains of the Kaaba. These individuals were Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, Abdullah bin Khatal, Muqays bin Subabah, and Abdullah bin Abi Sarh.
لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ وَقَالَ اقْتُلُوهُمْ وَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ مُتَعَلِّقِينَ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ خَطَلٍ وَمَقِيسَ بْنَ صُبَابَةَ وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي سَرْحٍ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said on the day of the conquest of Mecca: "There are four people who I do not guarantee their safety in a state of ihram or in the sanctuary: Al-Huwayrith ibn Mabad, Maqis, Hilal ibn Khatl, and Abdullah ibn Abi Sarh. As for Al-Huwayrith, Ali killed him. As for Maqis, his cousin killed him mistakenly. As for Hilal ibn Khatl, Az-Zubayr killed him. As for Abdullah ibn Abi Sarh, Uthman ibn Affan granted him amnesty. Uthman was his foster brother, and two foster sisters used to sing praises about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. One of them was killed, while the other escaped and embraced Islam."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا أُؤَمِّنُهُمْ فِي حِلٍّ وَلَا فِي حَرَمٍ الْحُوَيْرِثُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ وَمَقِيسٌ وَهِلَالُ بْنُ خَطَلٍ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَأَمَّا الْحُوَيْرِثُ فَقَتَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ وَأَمَّا مَقِيسٌ فَقَتَلَهُ ابْنُ عَمٍّ لَهُ لَحًّا وَأَمَّا هِلَالُ بْنُ خَطَلٍ فَقَتَلَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ ؓ وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَاسْتَأْمَنَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ؓ وَكَانَ أَخَاهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَقَيْنَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا لِمِقْيَسٍ تُغَنِّيَانِ بِهِجَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قُتِلَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا وَأَفْلَتَتِ الْأُخْرَى وَأَسْلَمَتْ
Abu Shuraih said, "When ʿAmr bin Saʿid was sending the troops to Mecca (to fight ʿAbdullah bin Az- Zubair) I said to him, 'O chief! Allow me to tell you what the Prophet ﷺ said on the day following the conquests of Mecca. My ears heard and my heart comprehended, and I saw him with my own eyes, when he said it. He glorified and praised Allah and then said, "Allah and not the people has made Mecca a sanctuary. So anybody who has belief in Allah and the Last Day (i.e. a Muslim) should neither shed blood in it nor cut down its trees. If anybody argues that fighting is allowed in Mecca as Messenger of Allah ﷺ did fight (in Mecca), tell him that Allah gave permission to His Apostle, but He did not give it to you. The Prophet ﷺ added: Allah allowed me only for a few hours on that day (of the conquest) and today (now) its sanctity is the same (valid) as it was before. So it is incumbent upon those who are present to convey it (this information) to those who are absent." Abu- Shuraih was asked, "What did ʿAmr reply?" He said ʿAmr said, "O Abu Shuraih! I know better than you (in this respect). Mecca does not give protection to one who disobeys (Allah) or runs after committing murder, or theft (and takes refuge in Mecca). (Using translation from Bukhārī 104)
أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَهُوَ يَبْعَثُ الْبُعُوثَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ائْذَنْ لِي أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ أُحَدِّثْكَ قَوْلًا قَامَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَايَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي وَأَبْصَرَتْهُ عَيْنَايَ حِينَ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ حَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَهَا اللهُ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ فِيهَا دَمًا وَلَا يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرَةً وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ لِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُولُوا إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا أَذِنَ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ وَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي شُرَيْحٍ مَا قَالَ لَكَ عَمْرٌو؟ فَقَالَ قَالَ عَمْرٌو أَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ يَا أَبَا شُرَيْحٍ إِنَّ الْحَرَمَ لَا يُعِيذُ عَاصِيًا وَلَا فَارًّا بِدَمٍ وَلَا فَارًّا بِخَرْبَةٍ
[Machine] Al-Shafi'i said, "The meaning of this, and Allah knows best, is that it has not been permitted for war to be waged against it (i.e., Mecca) until it becomes like any other place. The Prophet ﷺ commanded when 'Asim ibn Thabit and Khubayb were killed, as a retaliation for Abu Sufyan's killing, in a house in Mecca during the sacred months. This indicates that it does not prevent anyone from doing something that is obligatory upon him, and that it is only prevented from being attacked by war, as opposed to other places."
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا لَمْ يُحَلَّلْ أَنْ يُنْصَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبُ حَتَّى تَكُونَ كَغَيْرِهَا فَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَمَا قُتِلَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَخُبَيْبٌ بِقَتْلِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي دَارٍ بِمَكَّةَ غِيلَةً إِنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَذَا فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ فِيهِ مُحَرَّمَةً فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَمْنَعُ أَحَدًا مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا يُمْنَعُ مِنْ أَنْ يُنْصَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبُ كَمَا يُنْصَبُ عَلَى غَيْرِهَا
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to 'Amr bin Umaya Ad-Damri and Salama bin Aslam bin Harith: "Go out until you meet Abu Sufyan bin Harb. If you find him alone, kill him." Then he narrated a story about Muawiyah seeing 'Amr and informing him about it. And that 'Amr bin Umaya and Salama bin Aslam sought refuge in a mountain and hid in a cave. Then 'Amr bin Umaya left and killed Ubaidullah bin Malik, the cousin of Talhah bin Ubaidullah, and came to Khubayb bin 'Adiy while he was crucified. He brought him down and covered him with soil. Then he mentioned their return to Medina separately.
رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ بْنِ حَرِيشٍ اخْرُجَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ فَإِنْ أَصَبْتُمَا مِنْهُ غِرَّةً فَاقْتُلَاهُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي رُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَمْرًا وَإِخْبَارِهِ إِيَّاهُ بِذَلِكَ وَأَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ أَسْنَدَا فِي الْجَبَلِ وَتَغَيَّبَا فِي غَارٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ خَرَجَ فَقَتَلَ عُبَيْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ابْنَ أَخِي طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَجَاءَ إِلَى خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ وَهُوَ مَصْلُوبٌ فَأَنْزَلَهُ وَأَهَالَ عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ رُجُوعَهُمَا مُنْفَرِدَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of the conquest of Mecca, "No battle will be fought after this day until the Day of Resurrection."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ لَا تُغْزَى بَعْدَهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
[Machine] He killed or stole in a state of ritual purity and then entered the sanctuary. Indeed, he is not allowed to sit, speak, or be harmed, nor should he be approached until he leaves. Once he leaves, whatever afflictions he experienced will be established upon him. If he killed or stole while in a state of ritual impurity, and then he entered the sanctuary and they intended to establish upon him the afflictions he experienced, they would remove him from the sanctuary to the state of ritual purity. And if he killed or stole in the sanctuary, the afflictions would be established upon him in the sanctuary. The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is the opinion of Ibn Abbas, and we have left it according to the apparent rulings that have been mentioned regarding the establishment of punishments, without specifying the sanctuary by leaving them in it. And Allah knows best.
قَتَلَ أَوْ سَرَقَ فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُجَالَسُ وَلَا يُكَلَّمُ وَلَا يُؤْذَى وَيُنَاشَدُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَصَابَ فَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَوْ سَرَقَ فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ أُدْخِلَ الْحَرَمَ فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يُقِيمُوا عَلَيْهِ مَا أَصَابَ أَخْرَجُوهُ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ إِلَى الْحِلِّ وَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَوْ سَرَقَ فِي الْحَرَمِ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَرَمِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا مِِنْ رَأْيِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ وَقَدْ تَرَكْنَاهُ بِالظَّوَاهِرِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ دُونَ تَخْصِيصِ الْحَرَمِ بِتَرْكِهَا فِيهِ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الشَّرِيعَةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ