we said: Messenger of Allah! You send us out and we come to people who do not give hospitality, so what is your opinion? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If you come to people who order for you what is fitting for a guest, accept it; but if they do not, take from them what is fitting for them to give to a guest. Abu Dawud said: And this is an authority for a man to take a thing if it is due to him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3752)   

قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ تَبْعَثُنَا فَنَنْزِلُ بِقَوْمٍ فَلَا يَقْرُونَنَا فَمَا تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ بِقَوْمٍ فَأَمَرُوا لَكُمْ بِمَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ فَاقْبَلُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ حَقَّ الضَّيْفِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: It is a duty of every Muslim (to provide hospitality) to a guest for a night. If anyone comes in the morning to his house, it is a debt due to him. If he wishes, he may fulfil it, and if he wishes he may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3750)   

سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَيْلَةُ الضَّيْفِ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ الضَّيْفُ بِفِنَائِهِ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ أَوْ قَالَ دَيْنٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اقْتَضَاهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If any Muslim is a guest of people and is given nothing, it is the duty of every Muslim to help him to the extent of taking for him from their crop and property for the entertainment of one night. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3751)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ضَافَ قَوْمًا وَأَصْبَحَ الضَّيْفُ مَحْرُومًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ نَصْرُهُ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ بِقِرَى لَيْلَتِهِ مِنْ زَرْعِهِ وَمَالِهِ  

[Machine] A group of Ansar people left Kufa for Medina, and they came to a neighborhood of the Bani Asad tribe who were widowed. They asked them for a transaction, but they had no goods for sale. They asked them for some villages, but they said they couldn't afford their villages. They continued to argue until they fought each other. The Bedouins left their houses and belongings for them and took a sheep from every ten of them. They went to Umar and told him about it. He praised Allah and thanked Him and said if he had been there, he would have done the same. He then wrote to the people of the cities and the people under protection to prepare a place for the guest. Qais then narrated that Abdul Rahman Ibn Abi Layla informed him that his father told him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ distributed some sheep among his companions, giving every ten individuals a sheep. He said it was a Sunnah. Qais also narrated that Ibn Abi Layla informed him that Umar wrote to prepare a place for the Muslims and the protected ones for a night stay. Ibn Abi Layla said, "I remember that the people of the land used to host us for a night stay, and we used to say 'Sham' in Persian language means dinner."  

خَرَجَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَأَتَوْا عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ وَقَدْ أَرْمَلُوا فَسَأَلُوهُمُ الْبَيْعَ وَقَدْ رَاحَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَالٌ لَهُمْ حَسَنٌ قَالُوا مَا عِنْدَنَا بَيْعٌ فَسَأَلُوهُمُ الْقِرَى قَالُوا مَا نُطِيقُ قِرَاكُمْ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْأَعْرَابِ حَتَّى اقْتَتَلُوا فَتَرَكَتْ لَهُمُ الْأَعْرَابُ الْبُيُوتَ وَمَا فِيهَا فَأَخَذُوا لِكُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ مِنْهُمْ شَاةً قَالَ فَأَتَوْا عُمَرَ ؓ فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَامَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِي هَذَا لَفَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ وَأَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ بِنُزُلِ لَيْلَةٍ لِلضَّيْفِ قَالَ قَيْسٌ فَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَسَمَ غَنَمًا بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَعْطَى كُلَّ عَشَرَةٍ شَاةً وَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ سُنَّةً قَالَ وَقَدْ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْقُدُورِ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَأُكْفِئَتْ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِخَيْبَرَ قَالَ قَيْسٌ وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَتَبَ بِنُزُلِ لَيْلَةٍ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُعَاهَدِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَدْ أَذْكُرُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ كَانُوا يَسْتَقْبِلُونَنَا بِنُزُلِ لَيْلَةٍ نَقُولُ بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ شام قَالَ التَّرْقُفِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ يَقُولُونَ شام أَيْ عَشَاءٌ  

[Machine] "And whatever group of the emigrants are given asylum by the people of a city from among the residents of a treaty, and they do not join them in fighting, then their protection is void from them."  

وَأَيُّمَا رُفْقَةٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ آوَاهُمُ اللَّيْلُ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى الْمُعَاهَدِينَ مِنْ مُسَافِرِينَ فَلَمْ يَأْتُوهُمْ بِالْقِرَى فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُمُ الذِّمَّةُ  

[Machine] We used to partake in the fruits of the people of the covenant and their excess (wealth), and we would not share in their wives or their wealth. And we used to harness and guide the pack animals to guide us on the way.  

كُنَّا نُصِيبُ مِنْ ثِمَارِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَأَعْلَافِهِمْ وَلَا نُشَارِكُهُمْ فِي نِسَائِهِمْ وَلَا أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَكُنَّا نُسَخِّرُ الْعِلْجَ يَهْدِينَا إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ  

[Machine] I said to Ibn Abbas, "We come to the village at night and knock on the door. If it is not opened, we break the door and take the sheep and slaughter it." He asked, "Why do you do that?" I said, "We consider it permissible for us." He then recited this verse, "That is because they said, 'There is no blame upon us concerning the unlettered people. They said, 'There is no blame upon us concerning the unlettered people. And they speak untruth about Allah while they know [it].'" (Quran 3:75) And this verse is about the people with whom they did not make a peace treaty, so they did not have the right to enjoy their hospitality. And Allah knows best.  

قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّا نَأْتِي الْقَرْيَةَ بِالسَّوَادِ فَنَسْتَفْتِحُ الْبَابَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُفْتَحْ لَنَا كَسَرْنَا الْبَابَ فَأَخَذْنَا الشَّاةَ فَذَبَحْنَاهَا قَالَ وَلِمَ تَفْعَلُونَ ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّا نَرَاهُ لَنَا حَلَالًا قَالَ فَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ} [آل عمران 75] وَهَذَا إِنْ كَانَ فِي الْمُعَاهَدِينَ؛ فَلِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُصَالِحُوهُمْ عَلَى الضِّيَافَةِ فَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُمْ تَنَاوُلُهَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ