The Prophet ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Ukaydir of Dumah. He was seized and they brought him to him (i.e. the Prophet). He spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he should pay jizyah (poll-tax). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3037)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ فَأَخَذُوهُ فَأَتَوْا بِهِ فَحَقَنَ لَهُ دَمَهُ وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khalid bin Walid to Ukaydir bin Abdul Malik, a man from the Kindah tribe who was the ruler of Dumat. He was a Christian. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told Khalid that he would find him hunting cows. So Khalid went until he was in sight of the fort on a clear moonlit night, with his wife beside him. Then the cows came rubbing their horns against the gate of the palace. His wife said to him, "Have you ever seen anything like this?" He said, "No, by Allah." She said, "Then who would leave something like this?" He said, "No one." So he dismounted and ordered his horse to be saddled, and he rode with a group of his relatives, among whom there was a brother named Hassan. They went with him on their horses. They met some of the horsemen of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who captured them, and they killed his brother Hassan. He was wearing a coat of mail covered in gold, which Khalid took from him, then he sent it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ before his arrival. Khalid arrived at Ukaydir, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took blood-money from him and made peace with him on the condition that he should pay the jizyah, then he let him go, so he went back to his village. Ash-Shafi'i said: May Allah have mercy on him (Khalid bin Walid). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took jizyah from the people of Yemen, both Arabs and non-Arabs, and from the people of Najran, who were Arabs.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ كَانَ مَلِكًا عَلَى دُومَةَ وَكَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِخَالِدٍ إِنَّكَ سَتَجِدُهُ يَصِيدُ الْبَقَرَ فَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ حِصْنِهِ مَنْظَرَ الْعَيْنِ وَفِي لَيْلَةٍ مُقْمِرَةٍ صَافِيَةٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى سَطْحٍ وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ فَأَتَتِ الْبَقَرُ تَحُكُّ بِقُرُونِهَا بَابَ الْقَصْرِ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ مِثْلَ هَذَا قَطُّ؟ قَالَ لَا وَاللهِ قَالَتْ فَمَنْ يَتْرُكُ مِثْلَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ لَا أَحَدَ فَنَزَلَ فَأَمَرَ بِفَرَسِهِ فَأُسْرِجَ وَرَكِبَ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فِيهِمْ أَخٌ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَسَّانُ فَخَرَجُوا مَعَهُ بِمَطَارِفِهِمْ فَتَلَقَّاهُمْ خَيْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَتْهُ وَقَتَلُوا أَخَاهُ حَسَّانَ وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ قُبَاءُ دِيبَاجٍ مَخُوصٍ بِالذَّهَبِ فَاسْتَلَبَهُ إِيَّاهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ قُدُومِهِ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ خَالِدًا قَدِمَ بِالْأُكَيْدِرِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَحَقَنَ لَهُ دَمَهُ وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قَرْيَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ذِمَّةِ الْيَمَنِ وَعَامَّتُهُمْ عَرَبٌ وَمَنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ وَفِيهِمْ عَرَبٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen and ordered me to take from every adult a dinar or its equivalent in goods. Yahya ibn Adam said, "Indeed, this tax is for the people of Yemen, who are Arab people and people of the Book. Don't you see that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'No Jew should ever be wronged by another Jew,' meaning in his narration from Jarir from Mansur from Hakam from the Prophet ﷺ , that he wrote to Mu'adh ibn Jabal regarding this."  

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مَعَافِرَ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ وَإِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ وَهُمْ قَوْمٌ عُرْبٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا يُفْتَنُ يَهُودِيٌّ مِنْ يَهُودِيَّةٍ يَعْنِي فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ بِذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Salah, the messenger of Allah ﷺ , mentioned the people of Najran in two thousand narratives.  

صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ حُلَّةٍ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] Ash-Shafi'i said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ demanded the jizyah from Ukaidir al-Ghassani and they considered him to be righteous men from the Arabs regarding the jizyah. As for Umar ibn al-Khattab and those who came after him from the caliphs until today, they have demanded the jizyah from the Banu Taghlib, Banu Tanukh, Bahra, and mixed tribes of the Arabs, and they have remained upon Christianity to this day, and the sadaqah is doubled for them. And that is the jizyah. Indeed, the jizyah is imposed on religions, not on lineages. And if it weren't for the invalid delusions, we would have wished that Abu Yusuf would have said as he said, and that minors should not be charged on an Arab. But Allah is more worthy in our eyes than us loving anything other than what He has decreed.  

قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أُكَيْدِرَ الْغَسَّانِيِّ وَيَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ صَالَحَ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ فَأَمَّا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ أَخَذُوا الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ وَتَنُّوخَ وَبَهْرَاءَ وَخُلْطٍ مِنْ خُلْطِ الْعَرَبِ وَهُمْ إِلَى السَّاعَةِ مُقِيمُونَ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ يُضَاعَفُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ وَذَلِكَ جِزْيَةٌ وَإِنَّمَا الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ لَا عَلَى الْأَنْسَابِ وَلَوْلَا أَنْ نَأْثَمَ بِتَمَنِّي بَاطِلٍ وَدِدْنَا أَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ كَمَا قَالَ وَأَنْ لَا يُجْرَى صَغَارٌ عَلَى عَرَبِيٍّ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ أَجَلُّ فِي أَعْيُنِنَا مِنْ أَنْ نُحِبَّ غَيْرَ مَا قَضَى بِهِ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "Verily, Allah will prevent the Christians from invading Rabiah on the banks of the Euphrates. I have not left any Arab without either killing him or making him submit."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ سَيَمْنَعُ الدِّينَ بِنَصَارَى مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْفُرَاتِ مَا تَرَكْتُ عَرَبِيًّا إِلَّا قَتَلْتُهُ أَوْ يُسْلِمَ  

[Machine] "And that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger, and that you establish prayer and give zakah and obey the rulers of the Muslims, for you have the same rights as they do and the same responsibilities. Then he said, 'What if I refuse to do that?' He said, 'Then you will have to pay the jizyah (tax) with your own hand.' He said, 'What if we refuse to do that?' He said, 'Then I will fight you until death becomes more beloved to you than life.' He said, 'Give us until tomorrow night to think about it.' He said, 'I have already made my decision.' When the people woke up in the morning, he (the companion) said, 'Indeed, we have all agreed to pay the jizyah.' So come and make peace with me.' Khalid said to him, 'How can you, as Arab people, prefer the jizyah and humiliation over fighting and dignity?' He said, 'We looked at the number of people who will be killed among us, and they will never return. And we looked at the wealth that will be taken from us, and it is unlikely that we will have it back unless Allah grants it to us.' Khalid then made peace with them for ninety thousand (dirhams)."  

وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَتُقِرُّوا بِأَحْكَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَكُمْ مِثْلَ مَا لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ هَانِئٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَشَأْ ذَلِكَ فَمَهْ؟ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ أَدَّيْتُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَبَيْنَا ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ وَطِئْتُكُمْ بِقَوْمٍ الْمَوْتُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ إِلَيْكُمْ فَقَالَ هَانِئٌ أَجِّلْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هَذِهِ فَنَنْظُرَ فِي أَمْرِنَا قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ الْقَوْمُ غَدَا هَانِئٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَمْرُنَا عَلَى أَنْ نُؤَدِّيَ الْجِزْيَةَ فَهَلُمَّ فَلْأُصَالِحْكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ خَالِدٌ فَكَيْفَ وَأَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَرَبٌ تَكُونُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَالذُّلُّ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ وَالْعِزِّ؟ فَقَالَ نَظَرْنَا فِيمَا يُقْتَلُ مِنَّا فَإِذَا هُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ وَنَظَرْنَا إِلَى مَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَّا مِنَ الْمَالِ فَقَلَّمَا نَلْبَثُ حَتَّى يُخْلِفَهُ اللهُ لَنَا قَالَ فَصَالَحَهُمْ خَالِدٌ عَلَى تِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا