65. Prophetic Commentary on the Quran

٦٥۔ كتاب التفسير

65.30 Surat ar-Rum (The Romans)

٦٥۔٣٠ سورة الرُّومِ

[Machine] {فَلاَ يَرْبُو} مَنْ أَعْطَى يَبْتَغِي أَفْضَلَ فَلاَ أَجْرَ لَهُ فِيهَا.

Translation: "So, let not those who give away exceed what is due, seeking the best; for them is neither reward nor thanks."

قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {يُحْبَرُونَ} يُنَعَّمُونَ.

Translation: Mujahid said, "{يُحْبَرُونَ}" means "they are indulged."

{يَمْهَدُونَ} يُسَوُّونَ الْمَضَاجِعَ، الْوَدْقُ الْمَطَرُ.

Translation: "{يَمْهَدُونَ}" means "they level the beds", referring to the rain-particles (droplets of rain) falling gently.

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: {هَلْ لَكُمْ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ} فِي الآلِهَةِ، وَفِيهِ: {تَخَافُونَهُمْ} أَنْ يَرِثُوكُمْ كَمَا يَرِثُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا.

Translation: Ibn Abbas said, "{هَلْ لَكُمْ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ}" means "Do you have control over what your oaths possess?", and "{تَخَافُونَهُمْ}" means "that you fear them (your oaths) inheriting you as you inherit one another."

{يَصَّدَّعُونَ} يَتَفَرَّقُونَ، {فَاصْدَعْ} وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ ضُعْفٌ وَضَعْفٌ لُغَتَانِ.

Translation: "{يَصَّدَّعُونَ}" means "they disperse", "{فَاصْدَعْ}" means "So disperse", and others have said that it is a duplication and repetition of language.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {السُّوأَى} الإِسَاءَةُ، جَزَاءُ الْمُسِيئِينَ.

Translation: Mujahid said, "{السُّوأَى}" means "harm" or "bad deeds", and it is the retribution for those who do evil.

{فَلاَ يَرْبُو} مَنْ أَعْطَى يَبْتَغِي أَفْضَلَ فَلاَ أَجْرَ لَهُ فِيهَا. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {يُحْبَرُونَ} يُنَعَّمُونَ.{يَمْهَدُونَ} يُسَوُّونَ الْمَضَاجِعَ، الْوَدْقُ الْمَطَرُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: {هَلْ لَكُمْ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ} فِي الآلِهَةِ، وَفِيهِ: {تَخَافُونَهُمْ} أَنْ يَرِثُوكُمْ كَمَا يَرِثُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا.{يَصَّدَّعُونَ} يَتَفَرَّقُونَ، {فَاصْدَعْ} وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ ضُعْفٌ وَضَعْفٌ لُغَتَانِ.وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {السُّوأَى} الإِسَاءَةُ، جَزَاءُ الْمُسِيئِينَ.

bukhari:4774Muḥammad b. Kathīr > Sufyān > Manṣūr And al-Aʿmash > Abū al-Ḍuḥá > Masrūq > Baynamā a man

While a man was delivering a speech in the tribe of Kinda, he said, "Smoke will prevail on the Day of Resurrection and will deprive the hypocrites their faculties of hearing and seeing. The believers will be afflicted with something like cold only thereof." That news scared us, so I went to (Abdullah) Ibn Masʿud while he was reclining (and told him the story) whereupon he became angry, sat up and said, "He who knows a thing can say, it, but if he does not know, he should say, 'Allah knows best,' for it is an aspect of knowledge to say, 'I do not know,' if you do not know a certain thing. Allah said to His prophet. 'Say (O Muhammad): No wage do I ask of you for this (Qur'an), nor I am one of the pretenders (a person who pretends things which do not exist.)' (38.86) The Qur'aish delayed in embracing Islam for a period, so the Prophet ﷺ invoked evil on them, saying, 'O Allah! Help me against them by sending seven years of (famine) like those of Joseph.' So they were afflicted with such a severe year of famine that they were destroyed therein and ate dead animals and bones. They started seeing something like smoke between the sky and the earth (because of severe hunger). Abu Sufyan then came (to the Prophet) and said, "O Muhammad! You came to order us for to keep good relations with Kith and kin, and your kinsmen have now perished, so please invoke Allah (to relieve them).' Then Ibn Masʿud recited:-- 'Then watch you for the day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke plainly visible....but truly you will return! (to disbelief) (44.10-15) Ibn Masʿud added, Then the punishment was stopped, but truly, they reverted to heathenism (their old way). So Allah (threatened them thus): 'On the day when we shall seize you with a mighty grasp.' (44.16) And that was the day of the Battle of Badr. Allah's saying- "Lizama" (the punishment) refers to the day of Badr Allah's Statement: Alif-Lam-Mim, the Romans have been defeated, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious,' (30.1- 3) (This verse): Indicates that the defeat of Byzantine has already passed.  

البخاري:٤٧٧٤حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورٌ وَالأَعْمَشُ عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يُحَدِّثُ فِي كِنْدَةَ فَقَالَ يَجِيءُ دُخَانٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَأْخُذُ بِأَسْمَاعِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ يَأْخُذُ الْمُؤْمِنَ كَهَيْئَةِ الزُّكَامِ فَفَزِعْنَا فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَغَضِبَ فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ

مَنْ عَلِمَ فَلْيَقُلْ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فَلْيَقُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يَقُولَ لِمَا لاَ يَعْلَمُ لاَ أَعْلَمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ {قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ} وَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَبْطَئُوا عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَيْهِمْ بِسَبْعٍ كَسَبْعِ يُوسُفَ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ حَتَّى هَلَكُوا فِيهَا وَأَكَلُوا الْمَيْتَةَ وَالْعِظَامَ وَيَرَى الرَّجُلُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ كَهَيْئَةِ الدُّخَانِ فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ جِئْتَ تَأْمُرُنَا بِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَإِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ هَلَكُوا فَادْعُ اللَّهَ فَقَرَأَ {فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {عَائِدُونَ} أَفَيُكْشَفُ عَنْهُمْ عَذَابُ الآخِرَةِ إِذَا جَاءَ ثُمَّ عَادُوا إِلَى كُفْرِهِمْ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى} يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَلِزَامًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ {الم * غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ} إِلَى {سَيَغْلِبُونَ} وَالرُّومُ قَدْ مَضَى  

65.30.1 Allah's Statement: "...No change let there be in Khalq-illāh (i.e., the religion of Allāh - Islamic Monotheism)..." (V.30:30)

٦٥۔٣٠۔١ باب {لاَ تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ} لِدِينِ اللَّهِ

[Machine] "The creation of the first [humans] is the religion of the first [people]. And the natural inclination is Islam."

{خَلْقُ الأَوَّلِينَ} دِينُ الأَوَّلِينَ. وَالْفِطْرَةُ الإِسْلاَمُ.

bukhari:4775ʿAbdān > ʿAbdullāh > Yūnus > al-Zuhrī > Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman > Abū Hurayrah

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "No child is born except on Al-Fitra (Islam) and then his parents make him Jewish, Christian or Magian, as an animal produces a perfect young animal: do you see any part of its body amputated?" Then he rec 'The religion of pure Islamic Faith (Hanifa),(i.e. to worship none but Allah), The pure Allah's Islamic nature with which He (Allah) has created mankind. Let There be no change in Allah's religion (i.e. to join none in Allah's worship). That is the straight religion; but most of men know not..." (30.30)  

البخاري:٤٧٧٥حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ إِلاَّ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ أَوْ يُنَصِّرَانِهِ أَوْ يُمَجِّسَانِهِ كَمَا تُنْتَجُ الْبَهِيمَةُ بَهِيمَةً جَمْعَاءَ هَلْ تُحِسُّونَ فِيهَا مِنْ جَدْعَاءَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ {فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لاَ تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ}