65.55 Surat ar-Rahman (The Most Compassionate) (contd …)
٦٥۔٥٥ سورة الرَّحْمَنِ
[Machine] "And establish the balance" refers to the tongue of the scale. "And the devastation of the crop" means when something is cut from it before it matures. It is said that it refers to the part of the crop that is eaten, and the ripened sprigs of basil that are not eaten. Others say that it refers to the leaves of wheat. Al-Dahhak said it refers to straw. Abu Malik said it is the first thing that sprouts, called "nabat". Mujahid said it is the leaves of wheat. Al-Rayhan is sustenance. Al-Marraj is the yellow and green flame that rises when fire is ignited. Some have said about Mujahid: "The Lord of the two easts" refers to the sun in winter, which rises from the east in summer. "And the Lord of the two wests" is its setting in winter and summer. "They do not mix" means they do not change places. "The establishments" are what is raised from ships, and what is not raised is not considered an establishment. Mujahid said: "And brass" refers to the yellow metal poured on their heads, with which they are tortured. "He fears the station of his Lord" means he is tempted by disobedience, but then he remembers Allah and leaves it. "The transgressors" are flames of fire. "Blackened" means black. "Clay" means clay mixed with sand, which is then modelled like a potter does. It is also called "montan". Some say that it means clay as well, like the sound of a closing door. And it also means "to rub" like rubbing one's hands together. "Fruits, date palms, and pomegranates" - some say that pomegranates and dates are not considered fruits. However, according to the Arabs, they are considered as fruits. "Guard the Salah and the middle Salah" means He commanded them to observe all the prayers, and then emphasized Asr prayer, just as He emphasized palm trees and pomegranates. And similar to them is the verse: "Have you not seen that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth?" Then He said: "And many among the people, and many are deserving of punishment". Some have mentioned them in the beginning of His saying: "Who is in the heavens and who is on the earth". Others said: "Branches" means branches. "And the gardens of Dâni" means what is close to being harvested. Al-Hasan said: "By which favors?" Qatadah said: "Your Lord" means jinn and humans. Abu al-Darda' said: "Each day He is upon a matter" means He forgives a sin, relieves distress, raises some people, and lowers others. Ibn Abbas said: "Barrier" means a barrier. "The roiling" means the waters overflow. "Lord of Glory" means the one with great magnificence. Others said: "Mara" means pure sea, and it is said "the prince made his subjects conquer one another". The matter of the people "is perplexed tumult". "It roiled" means the two seas mixed, like when you ride your mount and leave it. "We will attend to you" means we will hold you accountable, nothing will distract Allah from anything else. And it is a common phrase in the Arab language to say: "I will attend to you and there is nothing that distracts me".
{وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ} يُرِيدُ لِسَانَ الْمِيزَانِ، وَالْعَصْفُ بَقْلُ الزَّرْعِ إِذَا قُطِعَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَ فَذَلِكَ الْعَصْفُ.{وَالرَّيْحَانُ} رِزْقُهُ.{وَالْحَبُّ} الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ مِنْهُ، وَالرَّيْحَانُ فِي كَلاَمِ الْعَرَبِ الرِّزْقُ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ وَالْعَصْفُ يُرِيدُ الْمَأْكُولَ مِنَ الْحَبِّ، وَالرَّيْحَانُ النَّضِيجُ الَّذِي لَمْ يُؤْكَلْ.وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ الْعَصْفُ وَرَقُ الْحِنْطَةِ.وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ الْعَصْفُ التِّبْنُ.وَقَالَ أَبُو مَالِكٍ الْعَصْفُ أَوَّلُ مَا يَنْبُتُ تُسَمِّيهِ النَّبَطُ هَبُورًا.وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ الْعَصْفُ وَرَقُ الْحِنْطَةِ. وَالرَّيْحَانُ الرِّزْقُ، وَالْمَارِجُ اللَّهَبُ الأَصْفَرُ وَالأَخْضَرُ الَّذِي يَعْلُو النَّارَ إِذَا أُوقِدَتْ.وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: {رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ} لِلشَّمْسِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ مَشْرِقٌ، وَمَشْرِقٌ فِي الصَّيْفِ.{وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ} مَغْرِبُهَا فِي الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ {لاَ يَبْغِيَانِ} لاَ يَخْتَلِطَانِ {الْمُنْشَآتُ} مَا رُفِعَ قِلْعُهُ مِنَ السُّفُنِ، فَأَمَّا مَا لَمْ يُرْفَعْ قَلْعُهُ فَلَيْسَ بِمُنْشَأَةٍ.وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {وَنُحَاسٌ} الصُّفْرُ يُصَبُّ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ، يُعَذَّبُونَ بِهِ.{خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ} يَهُمُّ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ فَيَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ ﷻ فَيَتْرُكُهَا، الشُّوَاظُ لَهَبٌ مِنْ نَارٍ.{مُدْهَامَّتَانِ} سَوْدَاوَانِ مِنَ الرِّيِّ.{صَلْصَالٍ} طِينٌ خُلِطَ بِرَمْلٍ، فَصَلْصَلَ كَمَا يُصَلْصِلُ الْفَخَّارُ. وَيُقَالُ مُنْتِنٌ، يُرِيدُونَ بِهِ صَلَّ، يُقَالُ صَلْصَالٌ، كَمَا يُقَالُ صَرَّ الْبَابُ عِنْدَ الإِغْلاَقِ، وَصَرْصَرَ مِثْلُ كَبْكَبْتُهُ يَعْنِي كَبَبْتُهُ.{فَاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ} وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لَيْسَ الرُّمَّانُ وَالنَّخْلُ بِالْفَاكِهَةِ، وَأَمَّا الْعَرَبُ فَإِنَّهَا تَعُدُّهَا فَاكِهَةً كَقَوْلِهِ ﷻ: {حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى} فَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَى كُلِّ الصَّلَوَاتِ، ثُمَّ أَعَادَ الْعَصْرَ تَشْدِيدًا لَهَا، كَمَا أُعِيدَ النَّخْلُ وَالرُّمَّانُ، وَمِثْلُهَا: {أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأَرْضِ} ثُمَّ قَالَ: {وَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَكَثِيرٌ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ} وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُمْ فِي أَوَّلِ قَوْلِهِ: {مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأَرْضِ} وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: {أَفْنَانٍ} أَغْصَانٍ.{وَجَنَى الْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍ} مَا يُجْتَنَى قَرِيبٌ.وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: {فَبِأَيِّ آلاَءِ} نِعَمِهِ.وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: {رَبِّكُمَا} يَعْنِي الْجِنَّ وَالإِنْسَ.وَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ: {كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِي شَأْنٍ} يَغْفِرُ ذَنْبًا، وَيَكْشِفُ كَرْبًا، وَيَرْفَعُ قَوْمًا، وَيَضَعُ آخَرِينَ.وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: {بَرْزَخٌ} حَاجِزٌ، الأَنَامُ الْخَلْقُ {نَضَّاخَتَانِ} فَيَّاضَتَانِ {ذُو الْجَلاَلِ} ذُو الْعَظَمَةِ وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ مَارِجٌ خَالِصٌ مِنَ النَّارِ، يُقَالُ مَرَجَ الأَمِيرُ رَعِيَّتَهُ إِذَا خَلاَّهُمْ يَعْدُو بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ. مَرَجَ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ {مَرِيجٍ} مُلْتَبِسٌ {مَرَجَ} اخْتَلَطَ الْبَحْرَانِ، مِنْ مَرَجْتَ دَابَّتَكَ تَرَكْتَهَا.{سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ} سَنُحَاسِبُكُمْ، لاَ يَشْغَلُهُ شَيْءٌ عَنْ شَيْءٍ وَهْوَ مَعْرُوفٌ فِي كَلاَمِ الْعَرَبِ يُقَالُ لأَتَفَرَّغَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا بِهِ شُغْلٌ يَقُولُ لآخُذَنَّكَ عَلَى غِرَّتِكَ.