65. Prophetic Commentary on the Quran

٦٥۔ كتاب التفسير

65.49 Surat al-Hujurat (The Private Quarters) (contd …)

٦٥۔٤٩ سورة الْحُجُرَاتِ

[Machine] Mujahid said: Do not advance, do not hasten towards the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until Allah decides upon his tongue. "Imtahan" (test) your sincerity. "Tanabazoo" (mock) by calling [each other] unbelievers after accepting Islam. "Yalitkum" (it decreases you), it diminishes you. Are we not diminished?

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {لاَ تُقَدِّمُوا} لاَ تَفْتَاتُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ.{امْتَحَنَ} أَخْلَصَ.{تَنَابَزُوا} يُدْعَى بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ الإِسْلاَمِ.{يَلِتْكُمْ} يَنْقُصْكُمْ، أَلَتْنَا نَقَصْنَا.

65.49.1 "O you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet pbuh ..." (V.49:2)

٦٥۔٤٩۔١ باب {لاَ تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ} الآيَةَ

[Machine] "You all feel, you know, and among them is the poet."

{تَشْعُرُونَ} تَعْلَمُونَ وَمِنْهُ الشَّاعِرُ.

bukhari:4845Yasarah b. Ṣafwān b. Jamīl al-Lakhmī > Nāfiʿ b. ʿUmar > Ibn Abū Mulaykah > Kād al-Khayyirān > Yahlikā

The two righteous persons were about to be ruined. They were Abu Bakr and ʿUmar who raised their voices in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ when a mission from Bani Tamim came to him. One of the two recommended Al-Aqra' bin Habeas, the brother of Bani Mujashi (to be their governor) while the other recommended somebody else. (Nafiʿ, the sub-narrator said, I do not remember his name). Abu Bakr said to ʿUmar, "You wanted nothing but to oppose me!" ʿUmar said, "I did not intend to oppose you." Their voices grew loud in that argument, so Allah revealed: 'O you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet.' (49.2) Ibn Az-Zubair said, "Since the revelation of this Verse, ʿUmar used to speak in such a low tone that the Prophet ﷺ had to ask him to repeat his statements." But Ibn Az-Zubair did not mention the same about his (maternal) grandfather (i.e. Abu Bakr).  

البخاري:٤٨٤٥حَدَّثَنَا يَسَرَةُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ اللَّخْمِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ كَادَ الْخَيِّرَانِ

أَنْ يَهْلِكَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ رَفَعَا أَصْوَاتَهُمَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ رَكْبُ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَأَشَارَ أَحَدُهُمَا بِالأَقْرَعِ بْنِ حَابِسٍ أَخِي بَنِي مُجَاشِعٍ وَأَشَارَ الآخَرُ بِرَجُلٍ آخَرَ قَالَ نَافِعٌ لاَ أَحْفَظُ اسْمَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِعُمَرَ مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلاَّ خِلاَفِي قَالَ مَا أَرَدْتُ خِلاَفَكَ فَارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ} الآيَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فَمَا كَانَ عُمَرُ يُسْمِعُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ حَتَّى يَسْتَفْهِمَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ  

bukhari:4846ʿAlī b. ʿAbdullāh > Azhar b. Saʿd > Ibn ʿAwn > Mūsá b. Anas > Anas b. Mālik

The Prophet ﷺ missed Thabit bin Qais for a period (So he inquired about him). A man said. "O Allah's Apostle! I will bring you his news." So he went to Thabit and found him sitting in his house and bowing his head. The man said to Thabit, " 'What is the matter with you?" Thabit replied that it was an evil affair, for he used to raise his voice above the voice of the Prophet ﷺ and so all his good deeds had been annulled, and he considered himself as one of the people of the Fire. Then the man returned to the Prophet ﷺ and told him that Thabit had said, so-and-so. (Musa bin Anas) said: The man returned to Thabit with great glad tidings. The Prophet ﷺ said to the man. "Go back to him and say to him: "You are not from the people of the Hell Fire, but from the people of Paradise."  

البخاري:٤٨٤٦حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا أَزْهَرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ؓ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ افْتَقَدَ ثَابِتَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَعْلَمُ لَكَ عِلْمَهُ فَأَتَاهُ فَوَجَدَهُ جَالِسًا فِي بَيْتِهِ مُنَكِّسًا رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا شَأْنُكَ فَقَالَ شَرٌّ كَانَ يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ وَهْوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَأَتَى الرَّجُلُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ مُوسَى فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَرَّةَ الآخِرَةَ بِبِشَارَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَلَكِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ  

65.49.2 "Verily! Those who call you from behind the dwellings, most of them have no sense." (V.49:4)

٦٥۔٤٩۔٢ باب {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحُجُرَاتِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ}

bukhari:4847al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad > Ḥajjāj > Ibn Jurayj > Ibn Abū Mulaykah > ʿAbdullāh b. al-Zubayr

A group of Bani Tamim came to the Prophet (and requested him to appoint a governor for them). Abu Bakr said, "Appoint Al-Qaqa bin Mabad." ʿUmar said, "Appoint Al-Aqra' bin Habeas." On that Abu Bakr said (to ʿUmar). "You did not want but to oppose me!" ʿUmar replied "I did not intend to oppose you!" So both of them argued till their voices grew loud. So the following Verse was revealed: 'O you who believe! Be not forward......' (49.1)  

البخاري:٤٨٤٧حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ

أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ رَكْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَمِّرِ الْقَعْقَاعَ بْنَ مَعْبَدٍ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بَلْ أَمِّرِ الأَقْرَعَ بْنَ حَابِسٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَى أَوْ إِلاَّ خِلاَفِي فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مَا أَرَدْتُ خِلاَفَكَ فَتَمَارَيَا حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا فَنَزَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَىِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ} حَتَّى انْقَضَتِ الآيَةُ