19. Sūrat Maryam (1/2)

١٩۔ سُورَةُ مَريَم ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 19
القرآن > كتاب ١٩

Mary (Meccan)

quran:19:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Kaf, Ha, Ya, 'Ayn, Sad.  

Kāf hā yā ‘ayn sād: God knows best what He means by these ˹letters˺.
القرآن:١٩:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

كهيعص  

{كَهيعَص} الله أعلم بمراده بذلك.
quran:19:2 –

˹This is˺ a mention of the mercy of your Lord to His servant Zechariah  

This is, a mention of your Lord’s mercy to His servant (‘abdahu, a direct object of rahma, ‘mercy’) Zachariah (an explication of it ˹the direct object˺),
القرآن:١٩:٢ –

ذِكْرُ رَحْمَتِ رَبِّكَ عَبْدَهُ زَكَرِيَّا  

هذا {ذكر رحمة ربك عبده} مفعول رحمة {زكريا} بيان له.
quran:19:3 –

When he called to his Lord a private supplication.  

when (idh is semantically connected to rahma, ‘mercy’) he called out to his Lord a call, entailing a supplication, in secret, in the middle of the night, because this ˹time of the night˺ invites a faster response ˹to one’s supplication˺.
القرآن:١٩:٣ –

إِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبَّهُ نِدَاءً خَفِيًّا  

{إذ} متعلق برحمة {نادى ربه نداءً} مشتملاً على دعاء {خفيا} سرا جوف الليل لأنه أسرع للإجابة.
quran:19:4 –

He said, "My Lord, indeed my bones have weakened, and my head has filled with white, and never have I been in my supplication to You, my Lord, unhappy.  

He said, ‘My Lord, truly the bones, all ˹the bones˺, within me have become feeble, weak, and my head is alight with grey hair (shayban, a specification derived from the subject of the verb in other words, hoariness has spread throughout his hairs just as a spark of fire spreads through firewood) and I wish to supplicate to you, and I have never been in my supplications to You, my Lord, unsuccessful, that is, ˹I have never been˺ disappointed, in the past, so do not disappoint me in what follows.
القرآن:١٩:٤ –

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَهَنَ الْعَظْمُ مِنِّي وَاشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا وَلَمْ أَكُنْ بِدُعَائِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا  

{قال رب إني وهن} ضعف {العظم} جميعه {مني واشتعل الرأس} مني {شيبا} تمييز محوَّل عن الفاعل أي: انتشر الشيب في شعره كما ينتشر شعاع النار في الحطب وإني أريد أن أدعوك {ولم أكن بدعائك} أي: بدعائي إياك {ربّ شقيا} أي: خائبا فيما مضى فلا تخيبني فيما يأتي.
quran:19:5 –

And indeed, I fear the successors after me, and my wife has been barren, so give me from Yourself an heir  

And truly I fear my kinsfolk, namely, those who will succeed me ˹as closest after me˺ in kinship, such as ˹my˺ paternal cousins, after me, that is, after my death, ˹I fear˺ for the religion, lest they forsake it, as You have witnessed in the case of the Children of Israel, in the way that they changed ˹their˺ religion, and my wife is barren, she does not conceive. So grant me from Yourself a successor, a son,
القرآن:١٩:٥ –

وَإِنِّي خِفْتُ الْمَوَالِيَ مِنْ وَرَائِي وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتِي عَاقِرًا فَهَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا  

{وإني خفت الموالي} أي الذين يلوني في النسب كبني العم {من ورائي} أي بعد موتي على الدين أن يُضيعوه كما شاهدته في بني إسرائيل من تبديل الدين {وكانت امرأتي عاقرا} لا تلد {فهب لي من لدنك} من عندك {وليا} ابنا.
quran:19:6 –

Who will inherit me and inherit from the family of Jacob. And make him, my Lord, pleasing ˹to You˺."  

who may inherit from me (read yarithnī in apocopated form as a response to the imperative statement ˹fahab lī, ‘grant me’˺, or read yarithunī as an adjectival qualification of waliyyan, ‘a successor’) and inherit (also read in both ways ˹mentioned˺), from the House of Jacob, my forefather, ˹inherit˺ knowledge and prophethood, and make him, my Lord, acceptable’, that is, pleasing to you.
القرآن:١٩:٦ –

يَرِثُنِي وَيَرِثُ مِنْ آلِ يَعْقُوبَ ۖ وَاجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيًّا  

{يَرثني} بالجزم جواب الأمر وبالرفع صفة وليا {ويرث} بالوجهين {من آل يعقوب} جدّي، العلم والنبوة {واجعله رب رضيا} أي: مرضيا عندك. قال تعالى في إجابة طلبه الابن الحاصل به رحمته:
quran:19:7 –

˹He was told˺, "O Zechariah, indeed We give you good tidings of a boy whose name will be John. We have not assigned to any before ˹this˺ name."  

God, exalted be He, in responding to his request for a son that will be the incarnation of His mercy, says: ‘O Zachariah! Indeed We give you good tidings of a boy, who will inherit in the way that you have requested — whose name is John. Never before have We made anyone his namesake’, that is, ˹never has there been˺ anyone with the name ‘John’.
القرآن:١٩:٧ –

يَا زَكَرِيَّا إِنَّا نُبَشِّرُكَ بِغُلَامٍ اسْمُهُ يَحْيَىٰ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ سَمِيًّا  

{يا زكريا إنا نبشرك بغلامِ} يَرثُ كما سألت {اسمه يحيى لم نجعل له من قبل سميا} أي: مسمى بيحيى.
quran:19:8 –

He said, "My Lord, how will I have a boy when my wife has been barren and I have reached extreme old age?"  

He said, ‘My Lord, how shall I have a son when my wife is barren and I have reached infirm old age?’ (‘itiyyan, ˹derives˺ from ˹the verb˺ ‘atā, ‘it became withered’) in other words, ˹he had reached˺ extreme old age, 120 years; and his wife had reached the age of 98 (‘atiya in terms of its root derives from ‘utuwwun, but the tā’ is vowelled as -ti-, to soften it, the first wāw ˹vowel˺ is changed into a yā’ to be in harmony with the –ti- vowelling, while the second ˹wāw letter˺ is changed into a yā’ so that the ˹previous˺ yā’ can be assimilated with it).
القرآن:١٩:٨ –

قَالَ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتِي عَاقِرًا وَقَدْ بَلَغْتُ مِنَ الْكِبَرِ عِتِيًّا  

{قال ربّ أنَّى} كيف {يكون لي غلام وكانت امرأتي عاقرا وقد بلغت من الكبر عتيا} من عتا: يبس، أي نهاية السن مائة وعشرين سنة وبلغت امرأته ثمانية وتسعين سنة وأصل عتى: عتو وكسرت التاء تخفيفا وقلبت الواو الأولى ياء لمناسبة الكسرة والثانية ياء لتدغم فيها الياء.
quran:19:9 –

˹An angel˺ said, "Thus ˹it will be˺; your Lord says, 'It is easy for Me, for I created you before, while you were nothing.' "  

He said, ‘It, the matter ˹in question˺, of creating a boy from both of you, shall be so! Your Lord says, “It is easy for Me, namely, to restore your sexual potency and tear open your wife’s womb ˹in preparation˺ for conception, for I certainly created you before when you were nothing”’, ˹you were nothing˺ before your created form became manifest. As God wished to manifest this great power, He inspired him ˹the form of˺ the question, in order for him to receive the response that will indicate it ˹this power˺. And when his soul yearned for the prompt arrival of that whereof he had been given good tidings:
القرآن:١٩:٩ –

قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ قَالَ رَبُّكَ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَلَمْ تَكُ شَيْئًا  

{قال} الأمر {كذلك} من خلق غلام منكما {قال ربك هو عليَّ هين} أي: بأن أرد عليك قوة الجماع وأفتق رحم امرأتك للعلوق {وقد خلقتك من قبل ولم تكُ شيئا} قبل خلقك ولإظهار الله هذه القدرة العظيمة ألهمه السؤال ليجاب بما يدل عليها ولما تاقت نفسه إلى سرعة المبشر به.
quran:19:10 –

˹Zechariah˺ said, "My Lord, make for me a sign." He said, "Your sign is that you will not speak to the people for three nights, ˹being˺ sound."  

He said, ‘Lord, appoint for me some sign’, namely, some indication of my wife’s becoming pregnant. Said He, ‘Your sign, for this, is that you shall not speak to people, that is, that you ˹should˺ refrain from speaking to them, but not ˹from speaking˺ the remembrance of God, exalted be He, for three nights, that is, together with the days thereof, as ˹stated˺ in ˹sūrat˺ Āl ‘Imrān, ‘for three days’ ˹Q. 3:41˺, while ˹you are˺ in sound health’ (sawiyyan, a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb tukallima, ‘you shall ˹not˺ speak’) in other words, despite there being no defect ˹in you˺.
القرآن:١٩:١٠ –

قَالَ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ لِي آيَةً ۚ قَالَ آيَتُكَ أَلَّا تُكَلِّمَ النَّاسَ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ سَوِيًّا  

{قال رب اجعل آية} أي علامة على حمل امرأتي {قال آيتك} عليه {ألا تكلم الناس} أي تمتنع من كلامهم بخلاف ذكر الله {ثلاث ليال} أي بأيامها كما في آل عمران ثلاثة أيام {سَويا} حال من فاعل تكلم أي بلا علة.
quran:19:11 –

So he came out to his people from the prayer chamber and signaled to them to exalt ˹Allah˺ in the morning and afternoon.  

So he emerged before his people from the sanctuary, that is, from the temple — they had been waiting for him to open it in order to perform ˹their˺ prayers therein after his command, as was the custom — and signalled, indicated, to them, ‘Make glorifications, perform prayers, at morning and evening’, at the beginning of the day and ˹at˺ its end, as per usual. He then realised, upon his being prevented from speaking to them, that she was pregnant with John.
القرآن:١٩:١١ –

فَخَرَجَ عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ مِنَ الْمِحْرَابِ فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا  

{فخرج على قومه من المحراب} أي المسجد وكانوا ينتظرون فتحه ليصلوا فيه بأمره على العادة {فأوحى} أشار {إليهم أن سبحوا} صلوا {بُكرة وعشيا} أوائل النهار وأواخره على العادة فعلم بمنعه من كلامهم حملها بيحيى، وبعد ولادته بسنتين قال الله تعالى له:
quran:19:12 –

˹Allah˺ said, "O John, take the Scripture with determination." And We gave him judgement ˹while yet˺ a boy  

And two years after his birth, God, exalted be He, said to him: ‘O John! Hold on to the Scripture, namely, the Torah, firmly’, earnestly. And We gave him judgement, prophethood, while still a child, a three-year old;
القرآن:١٩:١٢ –

يَا يَحْيَىٰ خُذِ الْكِتَابَ بِقُوَّةٍ ۖ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيًّا  

{يا يحيى خذ الكتاب} أي: التوراة {بقوة} بجد {وآتيناه الحكم} النبوة {صبيا} ابن ثلاث سنين.
quran:19:13 –

And affection from Us and purity, and he was fearing of Allah  

and compassion, a mercy for mankind, from Us, from Our presence, and purity, a charity for them, and he was God-fearing — it is related that he never committed a sin, nor contemplated ˹committing˺ one;
القرآن:١٩:١٣ –

وَحَنَانًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا وَزَكَاةً ۖ وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا  

{وحنانا} رحمة للناس {من لدنا} من عندنا {وزكاة} صدقة عليهم {وكان تقيا} روي أنه لم يعمل خطيئة ولم يهم بها.
quran:19:14 –

And dutiful to his parents, and he was not a disobedient tyrant.  

and dutiful to his parents, that is, virtuous towards them. And he was not arrogant or rebellious, disobedient to his Lord.
القرآن:١٩:١٤ –

وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا  

{وبرّا بوالديه} أي: محسنا إليهما {ولم يكن جبارا} متكبرا {عصيا} عاصيا لربه.
quran:19:15 –

And peace be upon him the day he was born and the day he dies and the day he is raised alive.  

‘And peace, from Us, be upon him, the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he shall be raised alive!’, that is, ˹on˺ those fearful days in which he sees what he will never have seen before — in these he will be given security ˹from fear˺.
القرآن:١٩:١٥ –

وَسَلَامٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَيًّا  

{وسلامٌ} منا {عليه يوم وُلد ويوم يموت ويوم يُبعث حيا} أي: في هذه الأيام المخوفة التي يرى ما لم يره قبلها فهو آمن فيها.
quran:19:16 –

And mention, ˹O Muhammad˺, in the Book ˹the story of˺ Mary, when she withdrew from her family to a place toward the east.  

And mention in the Book, ˹in˺ the Qur’ān, Mary, that is, ˹mention˺ her tale, when she withdrew from her family to an easterly place, that is, ˹when˺ she secluded herself in a place on the east side of ˹her˺ home.
القرآن:١٩:١٦ –

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا  

{واذكر في الكتاب} القرآن {مريم} أي: خبرها {إذ} حين {انتبذت من أهلها مكانا شرقيا} أي: اعتزلت في مكان نحو الشرق من الدار.
quran:19:17 –

And she took, in seclusion from them, a screen. Then We sent to her Our Angel, and he represented himself to her as a well-proportioned man.  

Thus she veiled herself from them, she draped herself in a veil to conceal herself while she washed her hair ˹from lice˺, or ˹washed˺ her clothes, or cleansed herself from her menses; whereupon We sent to her Our Spirit, Gabriel, and he assumed before her, after she donned her clothes, the likeness of a well-proportioned human, perfect in physical form.
القرآن:١٩:١٧ –

فَاتَّخَذَتْ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ حِجَابًا فَأَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهَا رُوحَنَا فَتَمَثَّلَ لَهَا بَشَرًا سَوِيًّا  

{فاتخذت من دونهم حجابا} أرسلت سترا تستتر به لتفلي رأسها أو ثيابها أو تغسل من حيضها {فأرسلنا إليها روحنا} جبريل {فتمثل لها} ب لبسها ثيابها {بشرا سويا} تام الخلق.
quran:19:18 –

She said, "Indeed, I seek refuge in the Most Merciful from you, ˹so leave me˺, if you should be fearing of Allah."  

She said, ‘Lo! I seek refuge in the Compassionate One from you! If you fear God’, and leave me alone on account of my invocation of refuge in God.
القرآن:١٩:١٨ –

قَالَتْ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ مِنْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَقِيًّا  

{قالت إني أعوذ بالرحمن منك إن كنت تقيا} فتنتهي عني بتعوذي.
quran:19:19 –

He said, "I am only the messenger of your Lord to give you ˹news of˺ a pure boy."  

He said, ‘I am only a messenger of your Lord, that I may give you a boy ˹who shall be˺ pure’, in ˹his˺ prophethood.
القرآن:١٩:١٩ –

قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا  

{قال إنما أنا رسول ربك ليهب لك غلاما زكيا} بالنبوة.
quran:19:20 –

She said, "How can I have a boy while no man has touched me and I have not been unchaste?"  

She said, ‘How shall I have a boy when no human being has ˹ever˺ touched me, by way of conjugality, neither have I been unchaste?’, ˹neither have I been˺ a fornicator.
القرآن:١٩:٢٠ –

قَالَتْ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي بَشَرٌ وَلَمْ أَكُ بَغِيًّا  

{قالت أنَّى يكون لي غلام ولم يمسسني بشر} يتزوج {ولم أك بغيّا} زانية.
quran:19:21 –

He said, "Thus ˹it will be˺; your Lord says, 'It is easy for Me, and We will make him a sign to the people and a mercy from Us. And it is a matter ˹already˺ decreed.' "  

He said, ‘It, the matter in question, of creating a boy from you without a father, shall be so! Your Lord has said: “It is easy for Me, in other words, by Gabriel’s breathing into you, by My command, so that you become pregnant with him — since what has been mentioned is meant as a reason, the following ˹statement˺ is added as a supplement thereto: and so that We may make him a sign for mankind, of Our power, and a mercy from Us, to whoever believes in him. And it, the creation of him, is a thing ˹already˺ decreed”’, according to My knowledge. So Gabriel breathed into the opening of her shirt, whereupon she sensed the formed foetus in her womb.
القرآن:١٩:٢١ –

قَالَ كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ ۖ وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ آيَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَرَحْمَةً مِنَّا ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرًا مَقْضِيًّا  

{قال} الأمر {كذلك} من خلق غلام منك من غير أب {قال ربك هو عليَّ هينٌ} أي: بأن ينفخ بأمري جبريل فيك فتحملي به ولكون ما ذكر في معنى العلة عطف عليه {ولنجعله آيةً للناس} على قدرتنا {ورحمة منا} لمن آمن به {وكان} خلقه {أمرا مقضيا} به في علمي فنفخ جبريل في جيب درعها فأحست بالحمل في بطنها مصورا.
quran:19:22 –

So she conceived him, and she withdrew with him to a remote place.  

Thus she conceived him and then withdrew, retreated, with him to a distant place, far from her family.
القرآن:١٩:٢٢ –

فَحَمَلَتْهُ فَانْتَبَذَتْ بِهِ مَكَانًا قَصِيًّا  

{فحملته فانتبذت} تنحَّت {به مكانا قصيا} بعيدا من أهلها.
quran:19:23 –

And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. She said, "Oh, I wish I had died before this and was in oblivion, forgotten."  

And the birth pangs, the pains of childbirth, brought her to the trunk of the palm-tree, that she may support herself against it, and then she gave birth: the conception, formation ˹of the foetus˺ and delivery ˹all˺ took place within one hour. She said, ‘O (yā is ˹used˺ to call attention ˹to something˺) would that I had died before this, affair, and become a forgotten thing, beyond recall!’, a thing abandoned which no one knows or mentions.
القرآن:١٩:٢٣ –

فَأَجَاءَهَا الْمَخَاضُ إِلَىٰ جِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ قَالَتْ يَا لَيْتَنِي مِتُّ قَبْلَ هَٰذَا وَكُنْتُ نَسْيًا مَنْسِيًّا  

{فأجاءَها} جاءَ بها {المخاض} وجع الولادة {إلى جذع النخلة} لتعتمد عليه فولدت والحمل والتصوير والولادة في ساعة {قالت يا} للتنبيه {ليتني متُّ قبل هذا} الأمر {وكنت نسيا منسيا} شيئا متروكا لا يعرف ولا يذكر.
quran:19:24 –

But he called her from below her, "Do not grieve; your Lord has provided beneath you a stream.  

Then he called her from below her, namely, Gabriel — for he was lower than her, ‘Do not grieve. Your Lord has made below you a rivulet, a river of water, which had dried up.
القرآن:١٩:٢٤ –

فَنَادَاهَا مِنْ تَحْتِهَا أَلَّا تَحْزَنِي قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيًّا  

{فناداها من تحتها} أي: جبريل وكان أسفل منها {ألا تحزني قد جعل ربك تحتك سريا} نهر ماء كان قد انقطع.
quran:19:25 –

And shake toward you the trunk of the palm tree; it will drop upon you ripe, fresh dates.  

And shake the trunk of the palm-tree towards you, ˹a palm-tree˺ which had withered (the bi- ˹in bi-jidh‘i’lnakhlati, ‘the trunk of the palm-tree˺ is extra) — there will drop (tusāqit, originally this is tatasāqat, but the second tā’ is changed into a sīn and is assimilated with the ˹second˺ sīn; a variant reading omits it ˹the second tā’˺ altogether) on you dates (rutaban, a specification) fresh and ripe (janiyyan, an adjectival qualification of it ˹of rutaban, ‘dates’˺).
القرآن:١٩:٢٥ –

وَهُزِّي إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ تُسَاقِطْ عَلَيْكِ رُطَبًا جَنِيًّا  

{وهزي إليك بجذع النخلة} كانت يابسة والباء زائدة {تساقط} أصله بتاءين قلبت الثانية سينا وأدغمت في السين، وفى قراءة تركها {عليك رطبا} تمييز {جنيا} صفته.
quran:19:26 –

So eat and drink and be contented. And if you see from among humanity anyone, say, 'Indeed, I have vowed to the Most Merciful abstention, so I will not speak today to ˹any˺ man.' "  

So eat, of the dates, and drink, from the rivulet, and ˹let˺ your eye be comforted, by the child (‘aynan, ‘˹your˺ eye’, a specification derived from the subject of the verb, in other words ˹what is meant is˺ li-taqarra ‘aynuki bihi, ‘that your eye may be comforted by him’) that is, let it ˹your eye˺ be at peace and not covet any other than him; and if (immā: the nūn of the conditional particle in is here assimilated with the extra mā) you ˹happen to˺ see (tarayinna: the third consonantal root ˹the yā’˺ and the second ˹the hamza˺ have been omitted, with the ˹fatha˺ vowel therein transferred to the ˹first consonant˺ the letter rā’, and a kasra vowel applied to the yā’ of the ˹feminine˺ person, because of two unvowelled consonants coming together) any human being, and should he ask you about your child, then say, “I have vowed to the Compassionate One a fast, that is to say, an abstention from speaking of his affair and from ˹speaking to˺ any other humans — which is indicated by ˹the following statement˺), so I will not speak to any human today”’, that is, after ˹saying˺ this.
القرآن:١٩:٢٦ –

فَكُلِي وَاشْرَبِي وَقَرِّي عَيْنًا ۖ فَإِمَّا تَرَيِنَّ مِنَ الْبَشَرِ أَحَدًا فَقُولِي إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ صَوْمًا فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا  

{فكلي} من الرطب {واشربي} من السري {وقري عينا} بالولد تمييز محول من الفاعل أي: لتقر عينك به أي: تسكن فلا تطمح إلى غيره {فإما} فيه إدغام نون إن الشرطية في ما الزائدة {ترين} حذفت منه لام الفعل وعينه وألقيت حركتها على الراء وكسرت ياء الضمير لالتقاء الساكنين {من البشر أحدا} فيسألك عن ولدك {فقولي إني نذرت للرحمن صوما} أي إمساكا عن الكلام في شأنه وغيره من الأناسي بدليل {فلن أكلم اليوم إنسا} أي: بعد ذلك.
quran:19:27 –

Then she brought him to her people, carrying him. They said, "O Mary, you have certainly done a thing unprecedented.  

Then, carrying him, she brought him to her folk (tahmiluhu, ‘carrying him’, a circumstantial qualifier), and they saw him, and they said, ‘O Mary, truly you have done a curious thing!, an astounding ˹thing˺, for you have begotten a son without ˹his having˺ a father.
القرآن:١٩:٢٧ –

فَأَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُ ۖ قَالُوا يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا  

{فأتت به قومها تحمله} حال فرأوه {قالوا يا مريم لقد جئت شيئا فريا} عظيما حيث أتيت بولد من غير أب.
quran:19:28 –

O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."  

O sister of Aaron — he was a righteous man, in other words ˹what is meant is˺, O you who are like him in ˹terms of˺ chastity — your father was not a wicked man, that is, a fornicator, nor was your mother unchaste’, that is, a fornicatress: so how is it that you have this child?
القرآن:١٩:٢٨ –

يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا  

{يا أخت هارون} هو رجل صالح أي: يا شبيهته في العفة {ما كان أبوك أمرأ سوء} أي: زانيا {وما كانت أمك بغيا} زانية فمن أين لك هذا الولد.
quran:19:29 –

So she pointed to him. They said, "How can we speak to one who is in the cradle a child?"  

Thereat she pointed, them, to him, intimating ˹to them that they˺, ‘talk to him’. They said, ‘How can we talk to one who is, who happens to be, in the cradle, ˹still˺ a little child?’
القرآن:١٩:٢٩ –

فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ ۖ قَالُوا كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَنْ كَانَ فِي الْمَهْدِ صَبِيًّا  

{فأشارت} لهم {إليه} أن كلموه {قالوا كيف نكلم من كان} أي وجد {في المهد صبيا.
quran:19:30 –

˹Jesus˺ said, "Indeed, I am the servant of Allah. He has given me the Scripture and made me a prophet.  

He said, ‘Lo! I am God’s servant. He has given me the Scripture, namely, the Gospel, and made me a prophet.
القرآن:١٩:٣٠ –

قَالَ إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ آتَانِيَ الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيًّا  

{قال إني عبد الله آتاني الكتاب} أي: الإنجيل {وجعلني نبيا}.
quran:19:31 –

And He has made me blessed wherever I am and has enjoined upon me prayer and zakah as long as I remain alive  

And He has made me blessed wherever I may be, that is, ˹He has made me˺ of great benefit to mankind — ˹this is˺ a foretelling of what had been preordained for him — and He has enjoined upon me prayer and alms-giving, He has commanded me to ˹do˺ both of these, as long as I remain alive;
القرآن:١٩:٣١ –

وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكًا أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُ وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا  

{وجعلني مباركا أينما كنت} أي: نفاعا للناس إخبار بما كتب له {وأوصاني بالصلاة والزكاة} أمرني بهما {ما دمت حيا}.
quran:19:32 –

And ˹made me˺ dutiful to my mother, and He has not made me a wretched tyrant.  

and ˹He has made me˺ dutiful towards my mother (barran, in the accusative because of the implicit ˹verb˺ ja‘alanī, ‘He has made me’). And He has not made me arrogant, haughty, wretched, disobedient to his Lord.
القرآن:١٩:٣٢ –

وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَتِي وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا  

{وبرا بوالدتي} منصوب بجعلني مقدرا {ولم يجعلني جبارا} متعاظما {شقيا} عاصيا لربه.
quran:19:33 –

And peace is on me the day I was born and the day I will die and the day I am raised alive."  

And peace, from God, be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!’ — the same is being said about him as ˹was said above˺ regarding the lord John. God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:١٩:٣٣ –

وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَ وُلِدْتُ وَيَوْمَ أَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيًّا  

{والسلام} من الله {عليّ يوم ولدت ويوم أموت ويوم أبعث حيا} يقال فيه ما تقدم في السيد يحيى. قال تعالى:
quran:19:34 –

That is Jesus, the son of Mary - the word of truth about which they are in dispute.  

That is Jesus, son of Mary, a statement of truth (read qawlu’l-haqqi, as the predicate of an implied subject, in other words, ‘the statement of the son of Mary ˹is a statement of truth˺’; or read qawla’l-haqqi, because of ˹it being the object of˺ an implied ˹verb˺ qultu, ‘I say’, meaning, ‘˹I say˺ a statement of truth’) concerning which they are in doubt (yamtarūna, derives from ˹the infinitive˺ al-mirya) — they are the Christians, who say, ‘Indeed Jesus is the son of God’; ˹but˺ they lie.
القرآن:١٩:٣٤ –

ذَٰلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ۚ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ  

{ذلك عيسى ابن مريم قولُ الحق} بالرفع خبر مبتدأ مقدر أي: قول ابن مريم وبالنصب بتقدير قلت، والمعنى القول الحق {الذي فيه يمترون} من المرية أي: يشكون وهم النصارى: قالوا إن عيسى ابن الله، كذبوا.
quran:19:35 –

It is not ˹befitting˺ for Allah to take a son; exalted is He! When He decrees an affair, He only says to it, "Be," and it is.  

It is not ˹befitting˺ for God to take to Himself a son. Glory be to Him — in affirmation of His being transcendent above ˹doing˺ such a thing. When He decrees a thing, that is, ˹when˺ He will for it to happen, He only says to it, ‘Be!’, and it is (read fa-yakūnu because of an implied ˹pronoun˺ huwa ˹sc. fa-huwa yakūnu˺; or read fa-yakūna because of an implied an ˹sc. an yakūna˺). An example of this is His creating Jesus without ˹his having had˺ a father.
القرآن:١٩:٣٥ –

مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ مِنْ وَلَدٍ ۖ سُبْحَانَهُ ۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰ أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ  

{ما كان لله أن يتخذ من ولد سبحانه} تنزيها له عن ذلك {إذا قضى أمرا} أي: أراد أن يحدثه {فإنما يقول له كن في فيكونُ} بالرفع بتقدير هو، وبالنصب بتقدير أن ومن ذلك خلق عيسى من غير أب.
quran:19:36 –

˹Jesus said˺, "And indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path."  

And indeed God is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (read ˹the introductory particle˺ as anna, with an implicit ˹preceding˺ udhkur, ‘mention’; or read ˹it˺ as inna, with an implicit ˹preceding˺ qul, ‘say’, ˹a reading˺ indicated by ˹the fact that God says elsewhere˺ ‘I only said to them that which You commanded me: “Worship God, my Lord and your Lord” ’ ˹Q. 5:117˺). This, that has been mentioned, is a straight path, a route leading to Paradise.
القرآن:١٩:٣٦ –

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ ۚ هَٰذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ  

(وأن الله ربي وربكم فاعبدوه) بفتح أن بتقدير اذكر، وبكسرها بتقدير قل بدليل "" ما قلت لهم إلا ما أمرتني به أن اعبدوا الله ربي وربكم "" (هذا) المذكور (صراط) طريق (مستقيم) مؤد إلى الجنة.
quran:19:37 –

Then the factions differed ˹concerning Jesus˺ from among them, so woe to those who disbelieved - from the scene of a tremendous Day.  

But the factions differed among themselves, that is to say, the Christians, ˹they differed˺ regarding Jesus: was he the son of God? A god alongside Him? Or ˹was he˺ the third of three ˹gods˺? So woe — ˹meaning˺ severe punishment ˹will be meted out˺ — to those who disbelieve, ˹those who disbelieve˺ in the way mentioned and in other ways, at the scene of an awful Day, that is to say, ˹woe to them˺ when they are present at the Day of Resurrection and ˹witnessing˺ its terrors.
القرآن:١٩:٣٧ –

فَاخْتَلَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ مَشْهَدِ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ  

{فاختلف الأحزاب من بينهم} أي النصارى في عيسى أهو ابن الله أو إله معه أو ثالث ثلاثة {فويل} فشدة عذاب {للذين كفروا} بما ذكر وغيره {من مشهد يوم عظيم} أي: حضور يوم القيامة وأهواله.
quran:19:38 –

How ˹clearly˺ they will hear and see the Day they come to Us, but the wrongdoers today are in clear error.  

How hearing they are and seeing, they are (these two constructions ˹are used to˺ express ‘amazement’, meaning, ‘how well they ˹will˺ hear and how well they ˹will˺ see’) on the Day when they come to Us, in the Hereafter. Yet the evildoers (an example of a proper noun ˹‘evildoers’˺ replacing a third person pronominalisation) today, that is, in this world, are in manifest error, that is, ˹error˺ that is evident therein, having been deaf ˹unable˺ to listen to the truth and blind ˹unable˺ to see it. In other words, ˹the meaning is˺: O you, the one being addressed, marvel at how ˹well˺ they will ˹be able to˺ hear and see in the Hereafter after they had been deaf and blind in this world.
القرآن:١٩:٣٨ –

أَسْمِعْ بِهِمْ وَأَبْصِرْ يَوْمَ يَأْتُونَنَا ۖ لَٰكِنِ الظَّالِمُونَ الْيَوْمَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ  

{أسمع بهم وأبصر} بهم صيغتا تعجب بمعنى ما أسمعهم وما أبصرهم {يوم يأتوننا} في الآخرة {لكن الظالمون} من إقامة الظاهر مقام المضمر {اليوم} أي: في الدنيا {في ضلال مبين} أي بين به صموا عن سماع الحق وعموا عن إبصاره أي: اعجب منهم يا مخاطب في سمعهم وإبصارهم في الآخرة بعد أن كانوا في الدنيا صما عميا.
quran:19:39 –

And warn them, ˹O Muhammad˺, of the Day of Regret, when the matter will be concluded; and ˹yet˺, they are in ˹a state of˺ heedlessness, and they do not believe.  

And warn them, threaten, O Muhammad (s), the disbelievers of Mecca, of the Day of Regret, namely, the Day of Resurrection, on which the sinner will regret not having been virtuous in ˹the life of˺ this world, when the matter will be decided, for them thereupon, that they be chastised, while they, in this world, are ˹yet˺ heedless, of it, and do not believe, in it ˹the Day of Resurrection˺.
القرآن:١٩:٣٩ –

وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ إِذْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ وَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ  

{وأنذرهم} خوّف يا محمد كفار مكة {يوم الحسرة} هو يوم القيامة يتحسر فيه المسيء على ترك الإحسان في الدنيا {إذ قُضي الأمر} لهم فيه بالعذاب {وهم} في الدنيا {في غفلة} عنه {وهم لا يؤمنون} به.
quran:19:40 –

Indeed, it is We who will inherit the earth and whoever is on it, and to Us they will be returned.  

Indeed We (innā nahnu, ˹a repetition of the first person˺ for emphasis), shall inherit the earth and all who are on it, of rational beings and others, by destroying them, and to Us they shall be returned, thereon ˹on the Day of Resurrection˺ for requital.
القرآن:١٩:٤٠ –

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَرِثُ الْأَرْضَ وَمَنْ عَلَيْهَا وَإِلَيْنَا يُرْجَعُونَ  

{إنا نحن} تأكيد {نرث الأرض ومن عليها} من العقلاء وغيرهم بإهلاكهم {وإلينا يرجعون} فيه للجزاء.
quran:19:41 –

And mention in the Book ˹the story of˺ Abraham. Indeed, he was a man of truth and a prophet.  

And mention, to them, in the Book Abraham, that is, ˹mention˺ his tale. Indeed he was a truthful one (˹the intensive form siddīq˺ means ‘extremely truthful’), a prophet (the following ˹statement˺ substitutes for the ˹preceding˺ predicate).
القرآن:١٩:٤١ –

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَبِيًّا  

{واذكر} لهم {في الكتاب إبراهيم} أي: خبره {إنه كان صديقا} مبالغا في الصدق {نبيا} ويبدل من خبره.
quran:19:42 –

˹Mention˺ when he said to his father, "O my father, why do you worship that which does not hear and does not see and will not benefit you at all?  

When he said to his father, Āzar, ‘O my father! (the ˹final˺ tā’ here ˹of abati˺ has replaced the ˹possessive˺ yā’ of ˹genitive˺ annexation ˹sc. of yā abī˺; the two, however, are never used together) — he ˹Abraham’s father˺ used to worship idols. Why do you worship that which neither hears nor sees, and is of no avail to you, suffices you ˹not˺, in any way? whether in ˹terms of˺ benefit or harm.
القرآن:١٩:٤٢ –

إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ وَلَا يُغْنِي عَنْكَ شَيْئًا  

{إذ قال لأبيه} آزر {يا أبت} التاء عوض عن ياء الإضافة ولا يجمع بينهما وكان يعبد الأصنام {لمَ تعبد مالا يسمع ولا يبصر ولا يغني عنك} لا يكفيك {شيئا} من نفع أو ضر.
quran:19:43 –

O my father, indeed there has come to me of knowledge that which has not come to you, so follow me; I will guide you to an even path.  

O my father! Indeed there has come to me of knowledge that which has not come to you. So follow me that I may guide you to a path, a route, that is right, ˹that is˺ straight.
القرآن:١٩:٤٣ –

يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ فَاتَّبِعْنِي أَهْدِكَ صِرَاطًا سَوِيًّا  

{يا أبت إني قد جاءني من العلم ما لم يأتك فاتبعني أهدك صراطا} طريقا {سويا} مستقيما.
quran:19:44 –

O my father, do not worship Satan. Indeed Satan has ever been, to the Most Merciful, disobedient.  

O my father! Do not worship Satan, by obeying him through ˹your˺ worship of idols. Truly Satan is disobedient (˹the intensive form‘asiyyan˺ means ‘one given to disobedience’) to the Compassionate One.
القرآن:١٩:٤٤ –

يَا أَبَتِ لَا تَعْبُدِ الشَّيْطَانَ ۖ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ عَصِيًّا  

{يا أبت لا تعبد الشيطان} بطاعتك إياه في عبادة الأصنام {إن الشيطان كان للرحمن عصيا} كثير العصيان.
quran:19:45 –

O my father, indeed I fear that there will touch you a punishment from the Most Merciful so you would be to Satan a companion ˹in Hellfire˺."  

O my father! I do fear lest a chastisement from the Compassionate One should befall you, if you do not repent, and then you become an ally of Satan, an assistant and a comrade ˹of his˺ in the Fire.
القرآن:١٩:٤٥ –

يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَمَسَّكَ عَذَابٌ مِنَ الرَّحْمَٰنِ فَتَكُونَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيًّا  

{يا أبت إني أخاف أن يمسك عذاب من الرحمن} إن لم تتب {فتكون للشيطان وليا} ناصرا وقرينا في النار.
quran:19:46 –

˹His father˺ said, "Have you no desire for my gods, O Abraham? If you do not desist, I will surely stone you, so avoid me a prolonged time."  

He said, ‘Are you renouncing my gods, O Abraham?, so that you are denouncing them ˹in this way˺? If you do not desist, from criticising them, I shall surely assail you, with stones, or with evil words, so beware of me; and stay away from me for a long time’.
القرآن:١٩:٤٦ –

قَالَ أَرَاغِبٌ أَنْتَ عَنْ آلِهَتِي يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ۖ لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ لَأَرْجُمَنَّكَ ۖ وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا  

{قال أراغب أنت عن آلهتي يا إبراهيم} فتعيبها {لئن لم تنته} عن التعرض لها {لأرجمنَّك} بالحجارة أو بالكلام القبيح فاحذرني {واهجرني مليّا} دهرا طويلاً.
quran:19:47 –

˹Abraham˺ said, "Peace will be upon you. I will ask forgiveness for you of my Lord. Indeed, He is ever gracious to me.  

He said, ‘Peace be to you, from me — in other words, I shall not cause you any harm. I shall ask forgiveness of my Lord for you. Truly He is ever gracious to me (hafiyyan, from hafiyyun, meaning bārrun, ‘kind’) answering my prayers. And indeed he ˹Abraham˺ fulfilled his above-mentioned promise ˹as described˺ in ˹sūrat˺ al-Shu‘arā’, And forgive my father ˹Q. 26:86˺; but this was before it became clear to him that he ˹Abraham’s father˺ was an enemy of God, as mentioned in ˹sūrat˺ Barā’a ˹Q. 9:114˺.
القرآن:١٩:٤٧ –

قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّا  

(قال سلام عليك) مني أي لا أصيبك بمكروه (سأستغفر لك ربي إنه كان بي حفيا) من حفي أي بارا فيجيب دعائي وقد أوفى بوعده المذكور في الشعراء "" واغفر لأبي "" وهذا قبل أن يتبين له أنه عدو الله كما ذكره في براءة.
quran:19:48 –

And I will leave you and those you invoke other than Allah and will invoke my Lord. I expect that I will not be in invocation to my Lord unhappy."  

And I shall shun you and that which you call upon, ˹that which˺ you worship, besides God. I will supplicate, I will worship, my Lord — hopefully in calling upon, in worshipping, my Lord I shall not be wretched’, as you have become wretched by your worship of idols.
القرآن:١٩:٤٨ –

وَأَعْتَزِلُكُمْ وَمَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَأَدْعُو رَبِّي عَسَىٰ أَلَّا أَكُونَ بِدُعَاءِ رَبِّي شَقِيًّا  

{وأعتزلكم وما تدعون} تعبدون {من دون الله وأدعو} أعبد {ربي عسى أ} ن {لا أكون بدعاء ربي} بعبادته {شقيا} كما شقيتم بعبادة الأصنام.
quran:19:49 –

So when he had left them and those they worshipped other than Allah, We gave him Isaac and Jacob, and each ˹of them˺ We made a prophet.  

And so after he had shunned them and that which they worshipped besides God, by having set off to the Holy Land, We gave him, two sons for him to find solace in, Isaac and Jacob, and each, of the two, We made a prophet.
القرآن:١٩:٤٩ –

فَلَمَّا اعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ ۖ وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّا  

{فلما اعتزلهم وما يعبدون من دون الله} بأن ذهب إلى الأرض المقدسة {وهبنا له} ابنين يأنس بهما {إسحاق ويعقوب وكلا} منهما {جعلنا نبيا}.
quran:19:50 –

And We gave them of Our mercy, and we made for them a reputation of high honor.  

And We gave them, all three ˹of them˺, out of Our mercy, wealth and offspring, and We assigned for them a worthy repute ˹one˺ that is lofty, sublime, namely, ˹We assigned˺ fair praise ˹of them˺ among all the members of the ˹Abrahamic˺ religions.
القرآن:١٩:٥٠ –

وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ عَلِيًّا  

{ووهبنا لهم} للثلاثة {من رحمتنا} المال والولد {وجعلنا لهم لسان صدق عليا} رفيعا هو الثناء الحسن في جميع أهل الأديان.