7. Sūrat al-Aʾrāf

٧۔ سُورَةُ الأعرَاف

7.39 God created the whole of humankind from a single soul. Reality of those gods whom people worship beside God. God is the Protecting Friend of the righteous.

٧۔٣٩ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأعرَاف

quran:7:189

It is He who created you from one soul and created from it its mate that he might dwell in security with her. And when he covers her, she carries a light burden and continues therein. And when it becomes heavy, they both invoke Allah, their Lord, "If You should give us a good ˹child˺, we will surely be among the grateful."  

He, that is, God, it is Who created you from a single soul, namely, Adam, and made, created, from him his spouse, Eve, that he might take rest in her, and become intimate with her. Then, when he covered her, when he had sexual intercourse with her, she bore a light burden, namely, the sperm-drop, and moved to and fro with it, that is, she came and went ˹easily˺ on account of its lightness; but when she became heavy, because of the child growing inside her, and they became anxious that it should be a dumb child, they cried to God their Lord, ‘If You give us one, a child, that is sound, unimpaired, we indeed shall be of the thankful’, to You for it.
القرآن:٧:١٨٩

هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا لِيَسْكُنَ إِلَيْهَا ۖ فَلَمَّا تَغَشَّاهَا حَمَلَتْ حَمْلًا خَفِيفًا فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ ۖ فَلَمَّا أَثْقَلَتْ دَعَوَا اللَّهَ رَبَّهُمَا لَئِنْ آتَيْتَنَا صَالِحًا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ  

{هو} أي الله {الذي خلقكم من نفس واحدة} أي آدم {وجعل} خلق {منها زوجها} حواء {ليسكن إليها} ويألفها {فلما تغشَّاها} جامعها {حملت حملا خفيفا} هو النطفة {فمرت به} ذهبت وجاءت لخفته {فلما أثقلت} بكبر الولد في بطنها وأشفقا أن يكون بهيمة {دعوا الله ربَّهما لئن آتيتنا} ولدا {صالحا} سويا {لنكونن من الشاكرين} لك عليه.
quran:7:190

But when He gives them a good ˹child˺, they ascribe partners to Him concerning that which He has given them. Exalted is Allah above what they associate with Him.  

But when He gave them a sound one, ˹a sound˺ child, they ascribed to Him associates (shurakā’a: a variant reading has shirkan, meaning sharīkan, ‘an associate’) in that which He had given them, by naming it ‘Abd al-Hārith, ‘servant of al-Hārith’, when it is not right to be a ‘servant’ (‘abd) of any one but ‘God’ ˹sc. ‘Abd Allāh˺, but this ˹namesake ‘Abd˺ is not an association ˹of another with God˺ in terms of servitude, for Adam was immune ˹from a sin such as associating others in worship with God˺. Samura ˹b. Jundub˺ reported that the Prophet (s) said, ‘On one occasion when Eve gave birth — all the children she bore had failed to survive — Satan visited her and said ˹to her˺, “Name it ˹the child˺ ‘Abd al-Hārith, and it will live.” She named it so and it lived. This ˹affair˺ was the result of Satan’s inspiration and his doings’: reported by al-Hākim, who deemed it ˹the report˺ ‘sound’ (sahīh), and ˹also reported˺ by al-Tirmidhī, who considered it ‘fair-uncommon’ (hasan gharīb); but exalted is God above what they, the people of Mecca, associate, in the way of idols (this sentence is consequent, a supplement to ˹the one beginning with˺ khalaqakum, ‘He created you’, so that what comes between the two is a parenthetical statement).
القرآن:٧:١٩٠

فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمَا صَالِحًا جَعَلَا لَهُ شُرَكَاءَ فِيمَا آتَاهُمَا ۚ فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ  

{فلمَّا آتاهما} ولدا {صالحا جعلا له شركاء} وفي قراءة بكسر الشين والتنوين أي شريكا {فيما آتاهما} بتسميته عبد الحارث ولا ينبغي أن يكون عبدا إلا لله، وليس بإشراك في العبودية لعصمة آدم وروى سمرة عن النبي ﷺ قال: لما ولدت حواء طاف بها إبليس وكان لا يعيش لها ولد فقال: سميه عبد الحارث فإنه يعيش فسمته فعاش فكان ذلك من وحي الشيطان وأمره رواه الحاكم وقال صحيح والترمذي وقال حسن غريب {فتعالى الله عما يشركون} أي أهل مكة به من الأصنام، والجملة مسببة عطف على خلقكم وما بينهما اعتراض.
quran:7:191

Do they associate with Him those who create nothing and they are ˹themselves˺ created?  

Do they associate, with Him, in worship, those who cannot create anything, but are themselves created,
القرآن:٧:١٩١

أَيُشْرِكُونَ مَا لَا يَخْلُقُ شَيْئًا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ  

{أيشركون} به في العبادة {ما لا يخلق شيئا وهم يُخلقون}.
quran:7:192

And the false deities are unable to ˹give˺ them help, nor can they help themselves.  

and who are not able to give them, that is, those who worship them, any help, nor can they help themselves?, by defending themselves against someone intending to damage them, by breaking them or otherwise (the interrogative is meant as a rebuke).
القرآن:٧:١٩٢

وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ لَهُمْ نَصْرًا وَلَا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَنْصُرُونَ  

{ولا يستطيعون لهم} أي لعابديهم {نصرا ولا أنفسهم يَنْصرون} بمنعها ممن أراد بهم سوءا من كسر أو غيره، والاستفهام للتوبيخ.
quran:7:193

And if you ˹believers˺ invite them to guidance, they will not follow you. It is all the same for you whether you invite them or you are silent.  

And if you call them, that is, the idols, to guidance, they will not follow you (read yatba‘ūkum or yattabi‘ūkum). It will be the same ˹response˺ for you, whether you call them, to it, or whether you are silent, ˹refraining˺ from calling them, they will not follow it, because they cannot hear.
القرآن:٧:١٩٣

وَإِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَىٰ لَا يَتَّبِعُوكُمْ ۚ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْكُمْ أَدَعَوْتُمُوهُمْ أَمْ أَنْتُمْ صَامِتُونَ  

{وإن تدعوهم} أي الأصنام {إلى الهدى لا يتبعوكم} بالتخفيف والتشديد {سواء عليكم أدعوتموهم} إليه {أم أنتم صامتون} عن دعائهم لا يتبعوه لعدم سماعهم.
quran:7:194

Indeed, those you ˹polytheists˺ call upon besides Allah are servants like you. So call upon them and let them respond to you, if you should be truthful.  

Truly those on whom you call, ˹whom˺ you worship, besides God are servants, owned, like you; call them then and let them answer you, your call, if you are truthful, in ˹claiming˺ that they are gods: God then illustrates their utter incapacity and the superiority which their worshippers possess over them, saying:
القرآن:٧:١٩٤

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ عِبَادٌ أَمْثَالُكُمْ ۖ فَادْعُوهُمْ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ  

{إن الذين تدعون} تعبدون {من دون الله عبادٌ} مملوكة {أمثالكم فادعوهم فليستجيبوا لكم} دعاءكم {إن كنتم صادقين} في أنها آلهة، ثم بين غاية عجزهم وفضل عابديهم عليهم فقال.
quran:7:195

Do they have feet by which they walk? Or do they have hands by which they strike? Or do they have eyes by which they see? Or do they have ears by which they hear? Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "Call your 'partners' and then conspire against me and give me no respite.  

Have they feet wherewith they walk or, indeed, have they hands (aydin is the plural of yad) wherewith they can grasp or, indeed, have they eyes wherewith they can see or, indeed, have they ears wherewith they give ear? (an interrogative of rejection), in other words, they have none of these things, which you have, so why do you worship them when you are more complete in being than they are? Say, to them, O Muhammad (s): ‘Call upon your associates, to destroy me; then scheme against me, and waste no time, ˹do not˺ give me any respite, for I am not concerned with you.
القرآن:٧:١٩٥

أَلَهُمْ أَرْجُلٌ يَمْشُونَ بِهَا ۖ أَمْ لَهُمْ أَيْدٍ يَبْطِشُونَ بِهَا ۖ أَمْ لَهُمْ أَعْيُنٌ يُبْصِرُونَ بِهَا ۖ أَمْ لَهُمْ آذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا ۗ قُلِ ادْعُوا شُرَكَاءَكُمْ ثُمَّ كِيدُونِ فَلَا تُنْظِرُونِ  

{ألهم أرجل يمشون بها أم} بل أ {لهم أيد} جمع يد {يبطشون بها أم} بل أ {لهم آذان يسمعون بها} استفهام إنكاري، أي ليس لهم شيء من ذلك مما هو لكم فكيف تعبدوهم وأنتم حالا منهم {قل} لهم يا محمد {ادعوا شركاءكم} إلى هلاكي {ثم كيدون فلا تُنظرون} تمهلون فإني لا أبالي بكم.
quran:7:196

Indeed, my protector is Allah, who has sent down the Book; and He is an ally to the righteous.  

Truly my Protector, the One in charge of my affairs, is God Who reveals the Book, the Qur’ān, and He takes charge of the righteous, by protecting them.
القرآن:٧:١٩٦

إِنَّ وَلِيِّيَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ ۖ وَهُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الصَّالِحِينَ  

{إن وليي الله} متولي أموري {الذي نزَّل الكتاب} القرآن {وهو يتولى الصالحين} بحفظه.
quran:7:197

And those you call upon besides Him are unable to help you, nor can they help themselves."  

And as for those on whom you call besides God, they have no power to help you, nor can they help themselves’, so why should I be concerned with them?
القرآن:٧:١٩٧

وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَكُمْ وَلَا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَنْصُرُونَ  

{والذين تدعون من دونه لا يستطيعون نصركم ولا أنفسهم ينصرون} فكيف أبالي بهم.
quran:7:198

And if you invite them to guidance, they do not hear; and you see them looking at you while they do not see.  

And if you call upon them, that is, the idols, to guidance, they do not hear; and you see them, that is, the idols, O Muhammad (s), staring at you, looking toward you, as a person looks, but they do not perceive.
القرآن:٧:١٩٨

وَإِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَىٰ لَا يَسْمَعُوا ۖ وَتَرَاهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ  

{وإن تدعوهم} أي الأصنام {إلى الهدى لا يسمعوا وتراهم} أي الأصنام يا محمد {ينظرون إليك} أي يقابلونك كالناظر {وهم لا يبصرون}.