7. Sūrat al-Aʾrāf

٧۔ سُورَةُ الأعرَاف

7.2 The story of Adam and Iblīs (Satan). Satan vowed to mislead Adam and his descendants.

٧۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأعرَاف

quran:7:11

And We have certainly created you, ˹O Mankind˺, and given you ˹human˺ form. Then We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam"; so they prostrated, except for Iblees. He was not of those who prostrated.  

And We created you, that is, your father Adam, then shaped you, that is, We shaped him with you ˹deposited˺ in his back, then said to the angels: ‘Prostrate yourselves before Adam!’, a prostration that is a bow of salutation. So they fell prostrate, all save Iblīs, the father of the jinn, who was among the angels — he was not of those who make prostration.
القرآن:٧:١١

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَاكُمْ ثُمَّ صَوَّرْنَاكُمْ ثُمَّ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ السَّاجِدِينَ  

{ولقد خلقناكم} أي أباكم آدم {ثم صوَّرناكم} أي صورناه وأنتم في ظهره {ثم قلنا للملائكة اسجدوا لآدم} سجود تحية بالانحناء {فسجدوا إلا إبليس} أبا الجن كان بين الملائكة {لم يكن من الساجدين}.
quran:7:12

˹Allah˺ said, "What prevented you from prostrating when I commanded you?" ˹Satan˺ said, "I am better than him. You created me from fire and created him from clay."  

He, exalted be He, said, ‘What prevented you from falling prostrate (allā is ˹made up of˺ an-lā, the lā being extra) when I commanded you?’ He ˹Iblīs˺ said, ‘I am better than him. You created me from fire, while him You created from clay’.
القرآن:٧:١٢

قَالَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَلَّا تَسْجُدَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ ۖ قَالَ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نَارٍ وَخَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ  

{قال} تعالى {ما منعك أن} {لا} زائدة {تسجد إذ} حين {أمرتك قال أنا خير منه خلقتني من نار وخلقته من طين}.
quran:7:13

˹Allah˺ said, "Descend from Paradise, for it is not for you to be arrogant therein. So get out; indeed, you are of the debased.  

Said He, ‘Then go down from it, that is, from the Garden — it is also said, ˹go down˺ from the heavens — it is not, right, for you to show pride here, so go forth, out of it! Surely you are among the abased!’, the contemptible!
القرآن:٧:١٣

قَالَ فَاهْبِطْ مِنْهَا فَمَا يَكُونُ لَكَ أَنْ تَتَكَبَّرَ فِيهَا فَاخْرُجْ إِنَّكَ مِنَ الصَّاغِرِينَ  

{قال فاهبط منها} أي من الجنة وقيل من السماوات {فما يكون} ينبغي {لك أن تتكبَّر فيها فاخرج} منها {إنَّك من الصاغرين} الذليلين.
quran:7:14

˹Satan˺ said, "Reprieve me until the Day they are resurrected."  

Said he, ‘Reprieve me, postpone my affair, until the day when they, people, are resurrected’.
القرآن:٧:١٤

قَالَ أَنْظِرْنِي إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ  

{قال أنظرني} أخرى {إلى يوم يُبعثون} أي الناس.
quran:7:15

˹Allah˺ said, "Indeed, you are of those reprieved."  

Said He, ‘Lo! You are of those reprieved’ — in another verse, it is said, until the day of an appointed time ˹Q. 38:81˺, that is, ˹until˺ the time of the first blast ˹of the Trumpet˺.
القرآن:٧:١٥

قَالَ إِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنْظَرِينَ  

{قال إنك من المنظرين} وفي آية أخرى {إلى يوم الوقت المعلوم} أي يوم النفخة الأولى.
quran:7:16

˹Satan˺ said, "Because You have put me in error, I will surely sit in wait for them on Your straight path.  

Said he, ‘Now, because You have sent me astray (fa-bi-mā aghwaytanī means bi-ighwā’ik, ‘for Your sending me astray’: the bā’ is for oaths, and the response of the oath is ˹the following˺) verily I shall sit in ambush for them, that is, for the Children of Adam, on Your straight path, that is, on the path that leads to You.
القرآن:٧:١٦

قَالَ فَبِمَا أَغْوَيْتَنِي لَأَقْعُدَنَّ لَهُمْ صِرَاطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ  

{قال فبما أغويتني} أي بإغوائك لي والياء للقسم وجوابه {لأقعدن لهم} أي لبني آدم {صراطك المستقيم} أي على الطريق الموصل إليك.
quran:7:17

Then I will come to them from before them and from behind them and on their right and on their left, and You will not find most of them grateful ˹to You˺."  

Then I shall come upon them from before them and from behind them and from their right and from their left, that is to say, from every side, and prevent them from following it ˹that path˺. Ibn ‘Abbās said, ‘However, he cannot come upon them from above, lest he come between the servant and the mercy of God, exalted be He’. And You will not find most of them thankful’, believing.
القرآن:٧:١٧

ثُمَّ لَآتِيَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ وَعَنْ شَمَائِلِهِمْ ۖ وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ  

{ثم لآتينهم من بين أيديهم ومن خلفهم وعن أيمانهم وعن شمائلهم} أي من كل جهة فأمنعهم عن سلوكه قال ابن عباس ولا يستطيع أن يأتي من فوقهم لئلا يحول بين العبد وبين رحمة الله تعالى {ولا تجد أكثرهم شاكرين} مؤمنين.
quran:7:18

˹Allah˺ said, "Get out of Paradise, reproached and expelled. Whoever follows you among them - I will surely fill Hell with you, all together."  

Said He, ‘Go forth from it, degraded (read madh’ūman) disgraced or despised, and banished, removed from mercy. As for those of them, of people, who follow you (la-man, ‘as for those who’: the lām is for inceptiveness; or it is for introducing the oath, which is ˹the following˺) I shall assuredly fill Hell with all of you’, that is, with you, through your seed, and with people — herein ˹in this address˺ those present have predominance over those absent (this ˹last˺ sentence ˹of the verse˺ expresses the sense of ‘the requital’ ˹suggested˺ in the conditional man, ‘who’: in other words, ‘whoever follows you, then I shall punish him’).
القرآن:٧:١٨

قَالَ اخْرُجْ مِنْهَا مَذْءُومًا مَدْحُورًا ۖ لَمَنْ تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنْكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ  

{قال اخرج منها مذءوما} بالهمزة معيبا أو ممقوتا {مدحورا} مبعدا عن الرحمة {لمن تبعك منهم} من الناس واللام للابتداء أو موطئة للقسم وهو {لأملأنَّ جهنم منكم أجمعين} أي منك بذريتك ومن الناس وفيه تغليب الحاضر على الغائب وفي الجملة معنى جزاء من الشرطية أي من تبعك أعذبه.