7. Sūrat al-Aʾrāf

٧۔ سُورَةُ الأعرَاف

Qurʾān > Chapter 7 > Section 25
القرآن > كتاب ٧ > باب ٢٥

7.25 Moses's communication with God.

٧۔٢٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأعرَاف

quran:7:142 –

And We made an appointment with Moses for thirty nights and perfected them by ˹the addition of˺ ten; so the term of his Lord was completed as forty nights. And Moses said to his brother Aaron, "Take my place among my people, do right ˹by them˺, and do not follow the way of the corrupters."  

And We appointed (read wa-wā‘adnā or wa-wa‘adnā) for Moses thirty nights, at the end of which We would speak to him, after he has fasted ˹during that period˺; that was the month of Dhū’l-Qa‘da. He completed the fast. But when it came to an end, he disliked the ˹bad˺ odour of his mouth and so cleaned his teeth. God then commanded him ˹to fast for˺ another ten nights so that He may speak to him despite the odour in his mouth: as God says, and completed them with ten, nights of Dhū’l-Hijja. Thus was the time appointed by his Lord concluded, the time at which God had promised him to speak to him, as forty (arba‘īna is a circumstantial qualifier) nights (laylatan is for specification); and Moses said to his brother Aaron, when he was departing to the Mount for the communion ˹with his Lord˺: ‘Succeed me, be my deputy, over my people, and be righteous, ˹among them˺ with regard to their affair, and do not follow the way of the agents of corruption’, by consenting with them to acts of disobedience.
القرآن:٧:١٤٢ –

وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰ ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ۚ وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَخِيهِ هَارُونَ اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَأَصْلِحْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ  

{وواعدنا} بألف ودونها {موسى ثلاثين ليلة} نكلمه عند انتهائها بأن يصومها، وهي ذو القعدة فصامها فلما تمَّت أنكر خلوف فمه فاستاك فأمره الله بعشرة أخرى ليكلمه بخلوف فمه كما قال تعالى: {وأتممناها بعشر} من ذي الحجة {فتم ميقات ربِّه} وقت وعده بكلامه إياه {أربعين} حال {ليلة} تتميز {وقال موسى لأخيه هارون} عند ذهابه إلى الجبل للمناجاة {اخلفني} كن خليفتي {في قومي وأصلح} أمرهم {ولا تتبع سبيل المفسدين} بموافقتهم على المعاصي.
quran:7:143 –

And when Moses arrived at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said, "My Lord, show me ˹Yourself˺ that I may look at You." ˹Allah˺ said, "You will not see Me, but look at the mountain; if it should remain in place, then you will see Me." But when his Lord appeared to the mountain, He rendered it level, and Moses fell unconscious. And when he awoke, he said, "Exalted are You! I have repented to You, and I am the first of the believers."  

And when Moses came at Our appointed time, that is, the time at which We had promised to speak to him, and his Lord spoke with him, without any intermediary, with speech which he heard from all directions, he said, ‘My Lord! Show me, Yourself, that I may behold You!’ Said He, ‘You shall not see Me, that is to say, you do not have the power to see me, the use of this expression ˹lan tarānī, ‘you shall not see Me’˺ instead of lan urā, ‘I shall not be seen’, implies that it is possible to see God, exalted be He; but behold the mountain, which is stronger than you are, and if it remains, stays fixed, in its place, then you shall see Me’, that is, ˹then˺ you shall remain fixed ˹able˺ to see Me, otherwise, you will not have the capacity ˹for it˺. And when his Lord revealed Himself, that is, ˹when˺ He manifested of His Light the equivalent of half a nail of a little finger, as stated in one hadīth verified by al-Hākim, to the mountain He levelled it to the ground (read dakkan or dakkā’a, meaning madkūkan) and Moses fell down senseless, having lost consciousness at the awesomeness of what he had seen. And when he recovered his senses he said, ‘Glory be to You!, in Your transcendence. I repent to You, for having asked You what I was not commanded ˹to ask˺, and I am the first of the believers’, of my time.
القرآن:٧:١٤٣ –

وَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنْظُرْ إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ لَنْ تَرَانِي وَلَٰكِنِ انْظُرْ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مَكَانَهُ فَسَوْفَ تَرَانِي ۚ فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّىٰ رَبُّهُ لِلْجَبَلِ جَعَلَهُ دَكًّا وَخَرَّ مُوسَىٰ صَعِقًا ۚ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{ولما جاء موسى لميقاتنا} أي للوقت الذي وعدناه بالكلام فيه {وكلَّمه ربُّه} بلا واسطة كلاما سمعه من كل جهة {قال رب أرني} نفسك {أنظر إليك قال لن تراني} أي لا تقدر على رؤيتي، والتعبير به دون لن أرى يفيد إمكان رؤيته تعالى {ولكن انظر إلى الجبل} الذي هو أقوى منك {فإن استقر} ثبت {مكانه فسوف تراني} أي تثبيت لرؤيتي وإلا فلا طاقة لك {فلما تجلَّى ربُّه} أي ظهر من نوره قدر نصف أنملة الخنصر كما في حديث صححه الحاكم {للجبل جعله دكا} بالقصر والمد، أي مدكوكا مستويا بالأرض {وخرَّ موسى صَعقا} مغشيا عليه لهول ما رأى {فلما أفاق قال سبحانك} تنزيها لك {تبت إليك} من سؤال ما لم أؤمر به {وأنا أوَّلُ المؤمنين} في زماني.
quran:7:144 –

˹Allah˺ said, "O Moses, I have chosen you over the people with My messages and My words ˹to you˺. So take what I have given you and be among the grateful."  

He, God, said, to him: ‘O Moses, I have elected you, chosen you, from among mankind, the people of your time, for My Messages (read plural, bi-risālātī, or singular, bi-risālatī, ‘for My Message’) and My Speech, that is, ˹for˺ My having spoken to you. So take what I have given you, of bounty, and be of the thankful’, of My favours.
القرآن:٧:١٤٤ –

قَالَ يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي اصْطَفَيْتُكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِرِسَالَاتِي وَبِكَلَامِي فَخُذْ مَا آتَيْتُكَ وَكُنْ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ  

{قال} تعالى له {يا موسى إني اصطفيتك} اخترتك {على الناس} أهل زمانك {برسالاتي} بالجمع والإفراد {وبكلامي} أي تكليمي إياك {فخذ ما آتيتك} من الفضل {وكن من الشاكرين} لأنعمي.