20. Sūrat Ṭā Hā (3/3)

٢٠۔ سُورَةُ طه ص ٣

Qurʾān > Chapter 20
القرآن > كتاب ٢٠

Ta Ha (Meccan)

quran:20:101 –

˹Abiding˺ eternally therein, and evil it is for them on the Day of Resurrection as a load -  

therein, that is, in the chastisement for ˹such˺ sin, abiding. And evil for them on the Day of Resurrection is that burden! (himlan, a specification qualifying the person of ˹the verb˺ sā’a, ‘evil’; the subject of derision, the implied wizruhum, ‘their sin’, has been omitted; the lām ˹of lahum˺ is explicative and substitutes for yawma’l-qiyāma, ‘the Day of Resurrection).
القرآن:٢٠:١٠١ –

خَالِدِينَ فِيهِ ۖ وَسَاءَ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حِمْلًا  

{خالدين فيه} أي في عذاب الوزر {وساء لهم يوم القيامة حملا} تمييز مفسر للضمير في ساء والمخصوص بالذم محذوف تقديره وزرهم، واللام للبيان ويبدل من يوم القيامة.
quran:20:102 –

The Day the Horn will be blown. And We will gather the criminals, that Day, blue-eyed.  

The day the Trumpet is blown, the Horn, the Second Blast, and We shall assemble the criminals, the disbelievers, on that day bruised, in the eye along with their faces blackened.
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٢ –

يَوْمَ يُنْفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ ۚ وَنَحْشُرُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ زُرْقًا  

{يوم ننفخ في الصور} القرن، النفخة الثانية {ونحشر المجرمين} الكافرين {يومئذ زرقا} عيونهم مع سواد وجوههم.
quran:20:103 –

They will murmur among themselves, "You remained not but ten ˹days in the world˺."  

They will whisper to one another, speaking secretly amongst themselves: ‘You have tarried, in this world, only ten nights’, with the ˹full ten˺ days.
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٣ –

يَتَخَافَتُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنْ لَبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا عَشْرًا  

{يتخافتون بينهم} يتسارون {إن} ما {لبثتم} في الدنيا {إلا عشرا} من الليالي بأيامها.
quran:20:104 –

We are most knowing of what they say when the best of them in manner will say, "You remained not but one day."  

We know very well what they will say, regarding this matter — that is, it is not as they say — when the justest, the most upright, of them in the way, in this, will say, ‘You have tarried only a day’: they will deem their stay in this world as having been very brief, on account of the terrors they will witness in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٤ –

نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذْ يَقُولُ أَمْثَلُهُمْ طَرِيقَةً إِنْ لَبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا يَوْمًا  

{نحن أعلم بما يقولون} في ذلك: أي ليس كما قالوا {إذ يقول أمثلهم} أعدلهم {طريقة} فيه {إن لبثتم إلا يوما} يستقلون لبثهم في الدنيا جدا بما يعاينونه في الآخرة من أهوالها.
quran:20:105 –

And they ask you about the mountains, so say, "My Lord will blow them away with a blast.  

They will question you concerning the mountains, how will they be on the Day of Resurrection? Say, to them: ‘My Lord will scatter them as ashes, by pulverising them into moving sand and dispersing them with the wind;
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٥ –

وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْجِبَالِ فَقُلْ يَنْسِفُهَا رَبِّي نَسْفًا  

{ويسألونك عن الجبال} كيف تكون يوم القيامة {فقل} لهم {ينسفها ربي نسفا} بأن يفتتها كالرمل السائل ثم يطيرها بالرياح.
quran:20:106 –

And He will leave the earth a level plain;  

then He will leave them a level hollow, a flattened ˹level˺ surface,
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٦ –

فَيَذَرُهَا قَاعًا صَفْصَفًا  

{فيذرها قاعا} منبسطا {صفصفا} مستويا.
quran:20:107 –

You will not see therein a depression or an elevation."  

wherein you will see neither crookedness, ˹neither˺ slope, nor any curving’, ˹nor˺ any rise.
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٧ –

لَا تَرَىٰ فِيهَا عِوَجًا وَلَا أَمْتًا  

{لا ترى فيها عوجا} انخفاضا {ولا أمْتا} ارتفاعا.
quran:20:108 –

That Day, everyone will follow ˹the call of˺ the Caller ˹with˺ no deviation therefrom, and ˹all˺ voices will be stilled before the Most Merciful, so you will not hear except a whisper ˹of footsteps˺.  

On that day, that is, on the day the mountains are scattered as ashes, they will follow, that is, mankind ˹will follow˺, after rising from their graves, the Summoner, to the Gathering, by ˹the call of˺ his voice — this ˹Summoner˺ will be ˹the archangel˺ Isrāfīl, and he will say: ‘Forward to the parade before God!’ — there will be no deviation therein, that is, in the manner in which they follow ˹him˺, in other words, they cannot but follow ˹him˺. Voices will be hushed, will become silent, before the Compassionate One, so that you hear nothing but a faint shuffle, the light tread of feet walking towards the Gathering, similar to the sound of the hoofs of camels as they pass.
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٨ –

يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَّبِعُونَ الدَّاعِيَ لَا عِوَجَ لَهُ ۖ وَخَشَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ فَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَّا هَمْسًا  

{يومئذ} أي يوم إذ نسفت الجبال {يتبعون} أي الناس بعد القيام من القبور {الداعي} إلى المحشر بصوته وهو إسرافيل يقول: هلموا إلى عرض الرحمن {لا عوج له} أي لاتباعهم: أي لا يقدرون أن لا يتعبوا {وخشعت} سكنت {الأصوات للرحمن فلا تسمع إلا همسا} صوت وطء الأقدام في نقلها إلى المحشر كصوت أخفاف الإبل في مشيها.
quran:20:109 –

That Day, no intercession will benefit except ˹that of˺ one to whom the Most Merciful has given permission and has accepted his word.  

On that day intercession will not profit, anyone, except ˹intercession˺ from him whom the Compassionate One permits, that he intercede for such ˹a person˺, and whose word He approves, that is to say, because such ˹an intercessor˺ will say, ‘there is no god but God’ (lā ilāha illā’Llāh).
القرآن:٢٠:١٠٩ –

يَوْمَئِذٍ لَا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَٰنُ وَرَضِيَ لَهُ قَوْلًا  

{يومئذ لا تنفع الشفاعة} أحداً {إلا من أذن له الرحمن} أن يشفع له {ورضي له قولا} بأن يقول: لا إله إلا الله.
quran:20:110 –

Allah knows what is ˹presently˺ before them and what will be after them, but they do not encompass it in knowledge.  

He knows what is before them, of the affairs of the Hereafter, and behind them, of the affairs of this world, and they do not comprehend such ˹things˺ in knowledge: they have no knowledge of such ˹things˺.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٠ –

يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِهِ عِلْمًا  

{يعلم ما بين أيديهم} من أمور الآخرة {وما خلفهم} من أمور الدنيا {ولا يحيطون به علماً} لا يعلمون ذلك.
quran:20:111 –

And ˹all˺ faces will be humbled before the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of existence. And he will have failed who carries injustice.  

And faces shall be humbled, they shall be submissive, before the Living, the Eternal Sustainer, namely, God; and he will certainly have failed, he will have lost, ˹he˺ who carries ˹the burden of˺ evildoing, that is, ˹of˺ idolatry.
القرآن:٢٠:١١١ –

وَعَنَتِ الْوُجُوهُ لِلْحَيِّ الْقَيُّومِ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ حَمَلَ ظُلْمًا  

{وعنت الوجوه} خضعت {للحي القيوم} أي الله {وقد خاب} خسر {من حَمَلَ ظلماً} أي شركاً.
quran:20:112 –

But he who does of righteous deeds while he is a believer - he will neither fear injustice nor deprivation.  

But whoever does righteous deeds, acts of obedience, being a believer, shall fear neither wrong, by having his evil deeds increased, nor injustice, by having his good deeds diminished.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٢ –

وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا هَضْمًا  

{ومن يعمل من الصالحات} الطاعات {وهو مؤمن فلا يخاف ظلماً} بزيادة في سيئاته {ولا هضماً} بنقص من حسناته.
quran:20:113 –

And thus We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an and have diversified therein the warnings that perhaps they will avoid ˹sin˺ or it would cause them remembrance.  

Thus (kadhālika, a supplement to ˹the previous˺ kadhālika naqussu, ‘thus We relate’ ˹Q. 20:99˺), just as We have revealed what has been mentioned, We have revealed it, that is, the Qur’ān, as an Arabic Qur’ān, and We have distributed, We have repeated, in it ˹statements˺ of threats, so that they may fear, associating others with God, or it, the Qur’ān, may arouse in them a remembrance, of the destruction of those communities before, and may thus be admonished.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٣ –

وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا وَصَرَّفْنَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْوَعِيدِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ أَوْ يُحْدِثُ لَهُمْ ذِكْرًا  

{وكذلك} معطوف على كذلك نقص: أي مثل إنزال ما ذكر {أنزلناه} أي القرآن {قرآناً عربيا وصرفنا} كررنا {فيه من الوعيد لعلهم يتقون} الشرك {أو يُحدث} القرآن {لهم ذكراً} بهلاك من تقدمهم من الأمم فيعتبرون.
quran:20:114 –

So high ˹above all˺ is Allah, the Sovereign, the Truth. And, ˹O Muhammad˺, do not hasten with ˹recitation of˺ the Qur'an before its revelation is completed to you, and say, "My Lord, increase me in knowledge."  

So exalted be God, the King, the Truth, above what the idolaters say. And do not hasten with the Qur’ān, that is, to recite it, before its revelation is completed for you, ˹before˺ Gabriel is through delivering it, and say, ‘My Lord, increase me in knowledge’, that is, ˹knowledge˺ of the Qur’ān: thus every time something of it was revealed to him his knowledge increased because of it.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٤ –

فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ ۗ وَلَا تَعْجَلْ بِالْقُرْآنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُقْضَىٰ إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُ ۖ وَقُلْ رَبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا  

{فتعالى الله الملك الحق} عما يقول المشركون {ولا تعجل بالقرآن} أي بقراءته {من قبل أن يُقضى إليك وحيه} أي يفرغ جبريل من إبلاغه {وقل ربّ زدني علما} أي بالقرآن فكلما أنزل عليه منه زاد به علمه.
quran:20:115 –

And We had already taken a promise from Adam before, but he forgot; and We found not in him determination.  

And We made a covenant with Adam, We enjoined him not to eat of the tree, before, that is, before he ate of it, but he forgot, he disregarded Our covenant, and We did not find in him any constancy, any resoluteness or patience in ˹abiding by˺ what We forbade him from.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٥ –

وَلَقَدْ عَهِدْنَا إِلَىٰ آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَنَسِيَ وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُ عَزْمًا  

{ولقد عهدنا إلى آدم} وصيناه أن لا يأكل من الشجرة {من قبل} أي قبل أكله منها {فنسي} ترك عهدنا {ولم نجد له عزماً} حزماً وصبراً عما نهيناه عنه.
quran:20:116 –

And ˹mention˺ when We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam," and they prostrated, except Iblees; he refused.  

And, mention, when We said to the angels, ‘Prostrate before Adam’; so they prostrated, except Iblīs, who was the father of the jinn — he used to keep company with the angels and worship God alongside them: he refused, to prostrate before Adam, he said: ‘I am better than him’ ˹Q. 7:12˺.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٦ –

وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ  

(و) اذكر (إذ قلنا للملائكة اسجدوا لآدم فسجدوا إلا إبليس) وهو أبو الجن كان يصحب الملائكة ويعبد الله معهم (أبى) عن السجود لآدم "" قال أنا خير منه "".
quran:20:117 –

So We said, "O Adam, indeed this is an enemy to you and to your wife. Then let him not remove you from Paradise so you would suffer.  

Then We said, ‘Adam, indeed this is an enemy of yours and of your wife, Eve (read Hawwā’). So do not let him cause you both to be expelled from the Garden, so that you then toil, ˹so that you then˺ become fatigued by ˹the toil of˺ tillage, sowing, harvesting, milling, baking and otherwise — the statement is restricted to ˹the mention of˺ his ˹Adam’s˺ ‘toil’ because it is the man who has to strive ˹to provide˺ for his wife.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٧ –

فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰ  

{فقلنا يا آدم إنَّ هذا عدو لك ولزوجك} حواء بالمد {فلا يخرجنكما من الجنة فتشقى} تتعب بالحرث والزرع والحصد والطحن والخبز وغير ذلك واقتصر على شقائه لأن الرجل يسعى على زوجته.
quran:20:118 –

Indeed, it is ˹promised˺ for you not to be hungry therein or be unclothed.  

It is indeed ˹assured˺ for you that you will neither be hungry therein nor go naked,
القرآن:٢٠:١١٨ –

إِنَّ لَكَ أَلَّا تَجُوعَ فِيهَا وَلَا تَعْرَىٰ  

{إن لك أ} {لا تجوع فيها ولا تعرى}.
quran:20:119 –

And indeed, you will not be thirsty therein or be hot from the sun."  

And it is indeed ˹assured˺ for you (read wa-annaka or wa-innaka, as a supplement to the subject of inna ˹sc. laka, that is, ‘you’˺ and its clause) neither to be thirsty therein, nor to suffer the sun’: you will not be exposed to any heat of a midday sun, for there is no sun in Paradise.
القرآن:٢٠:١١٩ –

وَأَنَّكَ لَا تَظْمَأُ فِيهَا وَلَا تَضْحَىٰ  

{وأنك} بفتح الهمزة وكسرها عطف على اسم إن وجملتها {لا تظمأ فيها} تعطش {ولا تضحى} لا يحصل لك حر شمس الضحى لانتفاء الشمس في الجنة.
quran:20:120 –

Then Satan whispered to him; he said, "O Adam, shall I direct you to the tree of eternity and possession that will not deteriorate?"  

Then Satan whispered to him saying, ‘O Adam, shall I guide you to the Tree of Immortality, which gives everlasting life to the one who eats thereof, and a kingdom that does not waste away?’, that does not perish while he remains immortal.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٠ –

فَوَسْوَسَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ قَالَ يَا آدَمُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَىٰ شَجَرَةِ الْخُلْدِ وَمُلْكٍ لَا يَبْلَىٰ  

{فوسوس إليه الشيطان قال يا آدم هل أدلك على شجرة الخلد} أي التي يخلد من يأكل منها {ومُلْك لا يبلى} لا يفنى وهو لازم الخلد.
quran:20:121 –

And Adam and his wife ate of it, and their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten over themselves from the leaves of Paradise. And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred.  

So both of them, Adam and Eve, ate of it, and their shameful parts were exposed to them, that is, the front ˹private part˺ of each became visible to the other, as well as the other’s behind — both of these ˹parts˺ are called saw’a, ‘shame’, because its exposure ‘shames’ (yasū’u) that person); and they began to piece together, they took to sticking, onto themselves leaves of the Garden, to cover themselves up therewith. And Adam disobeyed his Lord and so he erred, by ˹his˺ eating from the tree.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢١ –

فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْآتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ ۚ وَعَصَىٰ آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَىٰ  

{فأكلا} أي آدم وحواء {منها فبدت لهما سوآتهما} أي ظهر لكل منهما قبله وقبل الآخر ودُبره وسمي كل منهما سوأة لأن انكشافه يسوء صاحبه {وطفقا يخصفان} أخذا يلزقان {عليهما من ورق الجنة} ليستترا به {وعصى آدم ربه فغوى} بالأكل من الشجرة.
quran:20:122 –

Then his Lord chose him and turned to him in forgiveness and guided ˹him˺.  

Thereafter his Lord chose him, He brought him close ˹to Him˺, and relented to him, He accepted his repentance, and guided him, that is, He guided him to seek repentance regularly.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٢ –

ثُمَّ اجْتَبَاهُ رَبُّهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَدَىٰ  

{ثم اجتباه ربه} قربه {فتاب عليه} قبل توبته {وهدى} أي هداه إلى المداومة على التوبة.
quran:20:123 –

˹Allah˺ said, "Descend from Paradise - all, ˹your descendants˺ being enemies to one another. And if there should come to you guidance from Me - then whoever follows My guidance will neither go astray ˹in the world˺ nor suffer ˹in the Hereafter˺.  

He said, ‘Go down both of you, that is, Adam and Eve, including all of your progeny, from it, from the Garden, all together, some of you, some of the progeny, being enemies of others, because of some wronging others. Yet if (the nūn of the conditional particle in has been assimilated with the mā, which is extra) there should come to you guidance from Me, then whoever follows My guidance, the Qur’ān, shall not go astray, in this world, neither shall he be miserable, in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٣ –

قَالَ اهْبِطَا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا ۖ بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدًى فَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَىٰ  

{قال اهبطا} أي آدم وحواء بما اشمتلنا عليه من ذريتكما {منها} من الجنة {جميعاً بعضكم} بعض الذرية {لبعض عدو} من ظلم بعضهم بعضاً {فإما} فيه إدغام نون إن الشرطية في ما المزيدة {يأتينكم مني هدى فمن اتبع هدايَ} القرآن {فلا يضل} في الدنيا {ولا يشقى} في الآخرة.
quran:20:124 –

And whoever turns away from My remembrance - indeed, he will have a depressed life, and We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind."  

But whoever disregards My remembrance, ˹disregards˺ the Qur’ān and does not believe in it, his shall be a straitened life (read dankan with nunation, a verbal noun meaning ‘straitened ˹circumstances˺’). This ˹statement˺ has been interpreted in one hadīth to mean the punishment of the grave for the disbeliever. And on the Day of Resurrection We shall bring him to the assembly, namely, the one who disregards the Qur’ān, blind’, blind in eyesight.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٤ –

وَمَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا وَنَحْشُرُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَعْمَىٰ  

{ومن أعرض عن ذكري} القرآن فلم يؤمن به {فإن له معيشة ضنكاً} بالتنوين مصدر بمعنى ضيقة، وفسرت في حديث بعذاب الكافر في قبره {ونحشره} أي المعرض عن القرآن {يوم القيامة أعمى} أعمى البصر.
quran:20:125 –

He will say, "My Lord, why have you raised me blind while I was ˹once˺ seeing?"  

He shall say, ‘My Lord, why have you brought be to the assembly blind, though I used to see?’, in the world and at the raising from the grave?
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٥ –

قَالَ رَبِّ لِمَ حَشَرْتَنِي أَعْمَىٰ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ بَصِيرًا  

{قال ربِّ لمَ حشرتني أعمى وقد كنت بصيراً} في الدنيا وعند البعث.
quran:20:126 –

˹Allah˺ will say, "Thus did Our signs come to you, and you forgot them; and thus will you this Day be forgotten."  

He will say, ‘So it, the affair, is. Our signs came to you, but you forgot them, you neglected them and did not believe in them; and so, just as you forgot Our signs, today you will be forgotten’, abandoned in the Fire.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٦ –

قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ أَتَتْكَ آيَاتُنَا فَنَسِيتَهَا ۖ وَكَذَٰلِكَ الْيَوْمَ تُنْسَىٰ  

{قال} الأمر {كذلك أتتك آياتنا فنسيتها} تركتها ولم تؤمن بها {وكذلك} مثل نسيانك آياتنا {اليوم تنسى} تترك في النار.
quran:20:127 –

And thus do We recompense he who transgressed and did not believe in the signs of his Lord. And the punishment of the Hereafter is more severe and more enduring.  

And so, just as We requite him who disregards the Qur’ān, We requite him who is prodigal, ˹him who˺ associates others with God, and believes not in the signs of his Lord. And the chastisement of the Hereafter is more terrible, than the chastisement of the life of this world and the punishment of the grave, and more enduring, longer lasting.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٧ –

وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي مَنْ أَسْرَفَ وَلَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِ ۚ وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَشَدُّ وَأَبْقَىٰ  

{وكذلك} ومثل جزائنا من أعرض عن القرآن {نجزي من أسرف} أشرك {ولم يؤمن بآيات ربه ولعذاب الآخرة أشد} من عذاب الدنيا وعذاب القبر {وأبقى} أدوم.
quran:20:128 –

Then, has it not become clear to them how many generations We destroyed before them as they walk among their dwellings? Indeed in that are signs for those of intelligence.  

Is it not a guidance, has it not become clear, to them, to the disbelievers of Mecca, how many (kam, is predicative and the object of ˹the following˺ ahlaknā) We destroyed, in other words, Our frequent destruction, before them of generations, that is, of past communities, for denying messengers, amid ˹the ruins of˺ whose dwelling-places they walk? (yamshūna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person of the pronoun lahum, ‘to them’) during their journeys to Syria and other places, that they might thus be admonished? (what has been mentioned ˹by grammarians˺ regarding the derivation of ˹the verb˺ ihlāk to be that verb that does not contain a particle referring to ˹the object of˺ the action of the verb, as a way of preserving the ˹original˺ sense ˹of the statement˺, is acceptable). Surely in that there are signs, lessons, for people of sense, for possessors of intellect.
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٨ –

أَفَلَمْ يَهْدِ لَهُمْ كَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْقُرُونِ يَمْشُونَ فِي مَسَاكِنِهِمْ ۗ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي النُّهَىٰ  

{أفلم يهد} يتبين {لهم} لكفار مكة {كم} خبرية مفعول {أهلكنا} أي كثيرا إهلاكنا {قبلهم من القرون} أي الأمم الماضية بتكذيب الرسل {يمشون} حال من ضمير لهم {في مساكنهم} في سفرهم إلى الشام وغيرها فيعتبروا، وما ذكر من أخذ إهلاك من فعله الخالي عن حرف مصدري لرعاية المعنى لا مانع منه {إنَّ في ذلك لآيات} لعبراً {لأولي النهى} لذوي العقول.
quran:20:129 –

And if not for a word that preceded from your Lord, punishment would have been an obligation ˹due immediately˺, and ˹if not for˺ a specified term ˹decreed˺.  

And but for a decree that had already preceded from your Lord, that their chastisement be deferred to the Hereafter, it, destruction, would have been an inevitability, ˹their destruction˺ would have been necessary in this world, and a specified term, fixed for them (ajalun musamman, a supplement to the pronoun concealed in kāna, ‘it would have been’, the separation ˹of both subjects˺ by the predicate of both serves as an emphasis).
القرآن:٢٠:١٢٩ –

وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَكَانَ لِزَامًا وَأَجَلٌ مُسَمًّى  

{ولولا كلمة سبقت من ربك} بتأخير العذاب عنهم إلى الآخرة {لكان} الإهلاك {لزاماً} لازماً لهم في الدنيا {وأجل مسمى} مضروب لهم معطوف على الضمير المستتر في كان وقام الفصل بخبرها مكان التأكيد.
quran:20:130 –

So be patient over what they say and exalt ˹Allah˺ with praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting; and during periods of the night ˹exalt Him˺ and at the ends of the day, that you may be satisfied.  

So be patient with what they say — this is abrogated by the ‘fighting’ verse ˹cf. Q. 2:190ff˺ — and make glorifications, pray, by praising your Lord (bi-hamdi rabbika is a circumstantial qualifier, in other words, ‘ensconced in such ˹praise˺’) before the rising of the sun, the morning prayer, and before its setting — the afternoon prayer — and in the watches of the night, ˹during˺ the hours thereof, and make glorifications, perform the sunset and the evening prayer, and at either side of the day (wa-atrāfa’l-nahāri, a supplement to the syntactical locus of the accusative clause wa-min ānā’i, ‘and in the watches’), in other words, perform the noon prayer, because the time for it begins at the point where the sun starts to go down, which is the ˹end˺ side of the first half ˹of the day˺ and the ˹start˺ side of the second half ˹of the day˺; that perhaps you may be pleased, with the reward that you will be given.
القرآن:٢٠:١٣٠ –

فَاصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا ۖ وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَىٰ  

{فاصبر على ما يقولون} منسوخ بآية القتال {وسبّح} صلّ {بحمد ربك} حال: أي ملتبساً به {قبل طلوع الشمس} صلاة الصبح {وقبل غروبها} صلاة العصر {ومن آناء الليل} ساعاته {فسبح} صل المغرب والعشاء {وأطراف النهار} عطف على محل من آناء المنصوب: أي صل الظهر لأن وقتها يدخل بزوال الشمس، فهو طرف النصف الأول وطرف النصف الثاني {لعلك ترضى} بما تعطى من الثواب.
quran:20:131 –

And do not extend your eyes toward that by which We have given enjoyment to ˹some˺ categories of them, ˹its being but˺ the splendor of worldly life by which We test them. And the provision of your Lord is better and more enduring.  

And do not extend your glance toward what We have given to some pairs, ˹certain˺ categories, among them to enjoy, ˹as˺ the flower of the life of this world, its adornment and delight, that We may try them thereby, ˹to see˺ if they transgress ˹the bounds˺. And your Lord’s provision, in Paradise, is better, than what they have been given in this world, and more enduring, longer lasting.
القرآن:٢٠:١٣١ –

وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِنْهُمْ زَهْرَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ ۚ وَرِزْقُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ  

{ولا تمدنَّ عينيك إلى ما متَّعنا به أزواجاً} أصنافا {منهم زهرة الحياة الدنيا} زينتها وبهجتها {لنفتنهم فيه} بأن يطغوا {ورزق ربك} في الجنة {خير} مما أوتوه في الدنيا {وأبقى} أدوم.
quran:20:132 –

And enjoin prayer upon your family ˹and people˺ and be steadfast therein. We ask you not for provision; We provide for you, and the ˹best˺ outcome is for ˹those of˺ righteousness.  

And bid your family to prayer, and be steadfast in ˹the maintenance of˺ it. We do not ask of you, We ˹do not˺ charge you with ˹the procurement of˺, any provision, ˹either˺ for yourself or for anyone else. We ˹it is Who˺ provide you, and the ˹best˺ sequel, Paradise, will be in favour of God-fearing, for such people.
القرآن:٢٠:١٣٢ –

وَأْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَاصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْهَا ۖ لَا نَسْأَلُكَ رِزْقًا ۖ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُكَ ۗ وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ  

{وأمر أهلك بالصلاة واصطبر} اصبر {عليها لا نسألك} نكلفك {رزقاً} لنفسك ولا لغيرك {نحن نرزقك والعاقبة} الجنة {للتقوى} لأهلها.
quran:20:133 –

And they say, "Why does he not bring us a sign from his Lord?" Has there not come to them evidence of what was in the former scriptures?  

And they, the idolaters, say, ‘Why does he, Muhammad (s), not bring us a sign from his Lord?’, of the sort which they request. Has there not come to them (read ta’tihim or ya’tihim) the clear proof, the statements, of what is in the former scriptures?, the tales contained in the Qur’ān relating to past communities and ˹the details of˺ their destruction for denying the messengers?
القرآن:٢٠:١٣٣ –

وَقَالُوا لَوْلَا يَأْتِينَا بِآيَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ۚ أَوَلَمْ تَأْتِهِمْ بَيِّنَةُ مَا فِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولَىٰ  

{وقالوا} المشركون {لولا} هلا {يأتينا} محمد {بآية من ربه} مما يقترحونه {أو لم تأتيهم} بالتاء والياء {بينة} بيان {ما في الصحف الأولى} المشتمل عليه القرآن من أنباء الأمم الماضية وإهلاكهم بتكذيب الرسل.
quran:20:134 –

And if We had destroyed them with a punishment before him, they would have said, "Our Lord, why did You not send to us a messenger so we could have followed Your verses before we were humiliated and disgraced?"  

Had We destroyed them with a chastisement before him, before ˹the coming of˺ Muhammad (s) the Messenger, they would have said, on the Day of Resurrection: ‘Our Lord, if only You had sent us a messenger, so that we might have followed those signs of Yours, given to the messengers ˹to convey˺, before we were ˹thus˺ abased, at the Resurrection, and disgraced?’, in Hell.
القرآن:٢٠:١٣٤ –

وَلَوْ أَنَّا أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا لَوْلَا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا فَنَتَّبِعَ آيَاتِكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَذِلَّ وَنَخْزَىٰ  

{ولو أنا أهلكناهم بعذاب من قبله} قبل محمد الرسول {لقالوا} يوم القيامة {ربنا لولا} هلا {أرسلت إلينا رسولاً فنتبع آياتك} المرسل بها {من قبل أن نذل} في القيامة {ونخزى} في جهنم.
quran:20:135 –

Say, "Each ˹of us˺ is waiting; so wait. For you will know who are the companions of the sound path and who is guided."  

Say, to them: ‘Each, ˹one˺ of us and you, is waiting, to ˹see˺ what this affair will lead to. So wait! For you shall indeed know, at the Resurrection, who are the followers of the even path, the straight way, and who is ˹rightly˺ guided’, away from error, us or you. Meccan: consisting of 112 verses, revealed after sūrat Ibrāhīm.
القرآن:٢٠:١٣٥ –

قُلْ كُلٌّ مُتَرَبِّصٌ فَتَرَبَّصُوا ۖ فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ أَصْحَابُ الصِّرَاطِ السَّوِيِّ وَمَنِ اهْتَدَىٰ  

{قل} لهم {كل} منا ومنكم {متربص} منتظر ما يؤول إليه الأمر {فتربصوا فستعلمون} في القيامة {مَن أصحاب الصراط} الطريق {السويّ} المستقيم {ومن اهتدى} من الضلالة أنحن أم أنتم.