20. Sūrat Ṭā Hā

٢٠۔ سُورَةُ طه

20.9 Deliverance of the Children of Israel from the bondage of Pharaoh.

٢٠۔٩ مقطع في سُورَةُ طه

quran:20:77

And We had inspired to Moses, "Travel by night with My servants and strike for them a dry path through the sea; you will not fear being overtaken ˹by Pharaoh˺ nor be afraid ˹of drowning˺."  

And verily We revealed to Moses, ˹saying˺, ‘Lead My servants on a journey by night (read as an asri, ‘that: lead on a journey by night’, from ˹fourth form˺ asrā, ‘he travelled by night’; or read as an’isri, from ˹first form˺ sarā, ‘he travelled by night’, both being alternative forms), in other words, travel with them by night from the land of Egypt, and strike for them, make for them, by striking your staff, a dry path in the sea. So he fulfilled what he had been commanded, and God made the ground dry so that they were able to pass through it. Do not fear to be overtaken, that is, ˹fearing˺ that Pharaoh might catch you, and do not be afraid’, of drowning.
القرآن:٢٠:٧٧

وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًا فِي الْبَحْرِ يَبَسًا لَا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلَا تَخْشَىٰ  

{ولقد أوحينا إلى موسى أن أسْر بعبادي} بهمزة قطع من أسرى، وبهمز وصل وكسر النون من سرى لغتان أي سر بهم ليلا من أرض مصر {فاضرب لهم} اجعل لهم بالضرب بعصاك {طريقا في البحر يبسا} أي يابسا فامتثل ما أمر به وأيبس الله الأرض فمروا فيها {لا تخاف دَرَكا} أي أن يدركك فرعون {ولا تخشى} غرقا.
quran:20:78

So Pharaoh pursued them with his soldiers, and there covered them from the sea that which covered them,  

Then Pharaoh pursued them with his hosts, with him ˹Pharaoh˺ alongside them, and there engulfed them what did engulf them of the sea, and it drowned them.
القرآن:٢٠:٧٨

فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ فِرْعَوْنُ بِجُنُودِهِ فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ الْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ  

{فأتبعهم فرعون بجنوده} وهو معهم {فغشيهم من اليَمِّ} أي البحر {ما غشيهم} فأغرقهم.
quran:20:79

And Pharaoh led his people astray and did not guide ˹them˺.  

And Pharaoh led his people astray, by calling them to worship him, and he did not guide them, nay he led them to destruction, in contrast to what he said ˹to them˺, and I guide you only to the path of rectitude ˹Q. 40:29˺.
القرآن:٢٠:٧٩

وَأَضَلَّ فِرْعَوْنُ قَوْمَهُ وَمَا هَدَىٰ  

{وأضل فرعون قومه} بدعائهم إلى عبادته {وما هدى} بل أوقعهم في الهلاك خلاف قوله {وما أهديكم إلا سبيل الرشاد}.
quran:20:80

O Children of Israel, We delivered you from your enemy, and We made an appointment with you at the right side of the mount, and We sent down to you manna and quails,  

O Children of Israel, truly We delivered you from your enemy, Pharaoh, by drowning him, and We made a tryst with you on the right side of the ˹Tūr˺ Mount, in order to give Moses the Torah, that it may be implemented it ˹by you˺, and We sent down to you manna and quails, namely, turunjabīn ˹citrus fruit˺ and the quail. The ones being addressed in the vocative ˹by ‘O Children of Israel’˺ are those Jews living at the time of the Prophet (s), and they are addressed with reference to the graces which God bestowed on their forefathers at the time of the prophet Moses as a preface to what God ˹now˺ says to them:
القرآن:٢٠:٨٠

يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَدْ أَنْجَيْنَاكُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَوَاعَدْنَاكُمْ جَانِبَ الطُّورِ الْأَيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَىٰ  

{يا بني إسرائيل قد أنجيناكم من عدوكم} فرعون بإغراقه {ووعدناكم جانب الطور الأيمن} فنؤتي موسى التوراة للعمل بها {ونزلنا عليكم المن والسلوى} الترنجبين والطير السمانى بتخفيف الميم والقصر، والمنادى من وُجد من اليهود زمن النبي ﷺ وخُوطبوا لما أنعم الله به على أجدادهم زمن النبي موسى توطئة لقوله تعالى لهم:
quran:20:81

˹Saying˺, "Eat from the good things with which We have provided you and do not transgress ˹or oppress others˺ therein, lest My anger should descend upon you. And he upon whom My anger descends has certainly fallen."  

‘Eat of the good things We have provided you, that is to say, of that which has been bestowed on you as a grace ˹from God˺, but do not transgress regarding it, by being ungrateful for the grace thereof, lest My wrath descend on you (˹if read˺ fa-yahilla, it means ‘˹lest˺ it ˹My wrath˺ become incumbent ˹upon you˺’; or ˹if read˺ fa-yuhilla, it means ‘˹lest˺ it descend ˹on you˺’). And he on whom My wrath descends (read yahlil, ‘becomes incumbent’, or yahlul, ‘descends’) certainly perishes, falls into the Fire.
القرآن:٢٠:٨١

كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَلَا تَطْغَوْا فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِي ۖ وَمَنْ يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوَىٰ  

{كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم} أي المنعم به عليكم {ولا تطغوا فيه} بأن تكفروا النعمة به {فيحل عليكم غضبي} بكسر الحاء: أي يجب وبضمها أي ينزل {ومن يحلل عليه غضبي} بكسر اللام وضمها {فقد هوى} سقط في النار.
quran:20:82

But indeed, I am the Perpetual Forgiver of whoever repents and believes and does righteousness and then continues in guidance.  

And indeed I am Forgiving toward him who repents, from ascribing partners ˹to God˺, and believes, affirms God’s Oneness, and acts righteously, is sincere in ˹performing˺ the obligatory and the supererogatory ˹deeds˺, and then follows guidance’, by adhering to what has been mentioned up to his death.
القرآن:٢٠:٨٢

وَإِنِّي لَغَفَّارٌ لِمَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا ثُمَّ اهْتَدَىٰ  

{وإني لغفار لمن تاب} من الشرك {وآمن} وحَّد الله {وعمل صالحا} يصدق بالفرض والنفل {ثم اهتدى} باستمراره على ما ذكر إلى موته.