20. Sūrat Ṭā Hā

٢٠۔ سُورَةُ طه

20.6 Human life cycle. Pharaoh disbelieved Moses by calling his miracles a magician's trick and challenged him to confront his magicians in public - Moses accepted the challenge.

٢٠۔٦ مقطع في سُورَةُ طه

quran:20:55

From the earth We created you, and into it We will return you, and from it We will extract you another time.  

From it, that is, from the earth, We created you, by creating your father Adam from it, and into it We shall restore you, ˹when you are˺ interred after death, and from it We shall bring you forth, at the Resurrection, a second time’, in the same way that We brought you forth ˹from it˺ when We initiated your creation.
القرآن:٢٠:٥٥

مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَىٰ  

{منها} أي من الأرض {خلقناكم} بخلق أبيكم آدم منها {وفيها نعيدكم} مقبورين بعد الموت {ومنها نخرجكم} عند البعث {تارة} مرة {أخرى} كما أخرجناكم عند ابتداء خلقكم.
quran:20:56

And We certainly showed Pharaoh Our signs - all of them - but he denied and refused.  

And verily We showed him, that is, We made Pharaoh see, all Our signs, ˹all˺ nine, but he denied, them, and claimed that they were ˹the result of˺ sorcery, and refused, to affirm the Oneness ˹of God˺, exalted be He.
القرآن:٢٠:٥٦

وَلَقَدْ أَرَيْنَاهُ آيَاتِنَا كُلَّهَا فَكَذَّبَ وَأَبَىٰ  

{ولقد أريناه} أي أبصرنا فرعون {آياتنا كلها} التسع {فكذب} بها وزعم أنها سحر {وأبى} أن يوحد الله تعالى.
quran:20:57

He said, "Have you come to us to drive us out of our land with your magic, O Moses?  

He said, ‘Have you come to us so that you may expel us from our land, Egypt, and so that kingship over it may be yours, by your sorcery, O Moses?
القرآن:٢٠:٥٧

قَالَ أَجِئْتَنَا لِتُخْرِجَنَا مِنْ أَرْضِنَا بِسِحْرِكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ  

{قال أجئتنا لتخرجنا من أرضنا} مصر ويكون لك فيها {بسحرك يا موسى}.
quran:20:58

Then we will surely bring you magic like it, so make between us and you an appointment, which we will not fail to keep and neither will you, in a place assigned."  

Yet We ˹too˺ shall produce for you a sorcery like it, ˹one˺ which will counter it. So fix a tryst between us and you, for that ˹purpose˺, ˹a tryst˺ which neither we nor you shall fail to keep, ˹at˺ a place (makānan is in the accusative because the genitive-operator preposition ˹fī, ‘at’˺ has been removed) of equal distance (read siwān or suwān), in other words, in the middle, equidistant for a person coming from either side.
القرآن:٢٠:٥٨

فَلَنَأْتِيَنَّكَ بِسِحْرٍ مِثْلِهِ فَاجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَا نُخْلِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنْتَ مَكَانًا سُوًى  

{فلنأتينك بسحر مثله} يعارضه {فاجعل بيننا وبينك موعدا} لذلك {لا نخلفه نحن ولا أنت مكانا} منصوب بنزع الخافض في {سِوى} بكسر أوله وضمه أي وسطا تستوي مسافة الجائي إليه من الطرفين.
quran:20:59

˹Moses˺ said, "Your appointment is on the day of the festival when the people assemble at mid-morning."  

Said he, Moses, ‘Your tryst shall be the Day of Adornment — a festive day of theirs on which they adorn themselves and ˹the public˺ assemble — and let the people assemble, ˹let˺ the inhabitants of Egypt gather, at forenoon’, the time for this ˹tryst˺, to observe what will transpire.
القرآن:٢٠:٥٩

قَالَ مَوْعِدُكُمْ يَوْمُ الزِّينَةِ وَأَنْ يُحْشَرَ النَّاسُ ضُحًى  

{قال} موسى {موعدكم يوم الزينة} يوم عيد لهم يتزينون فيه ويجتمعون {وأن يُحشر الناس} يجمع أهل مصر {ضحى} وقته للنظر فيما يقع.
quran:20:60

So Pharaoh went away, put together his plan, and then came ˹to Moses˺.  

Then Pharaoh withdrew, retreated, and summoned up his guile, that is to say, those ˹human˺ elements of his guile from among the sorcerers, and then came, with them to the tryst.
القرآن:٢٠:٦٠

فَتَوَلَّىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ فَجَمَعَ كَيْدَهُ ثُمَّ أَتَىٰ  

{فتولى فرعون} أدير {فجمع كيده} أي ذوي كيده من السحرة {ثم أتى} بهم الموعد.
quran:20:61

Moses said to the magicians summoned by Pharaoh, "Woe to you! Do not invent a lie against Allah or He will exterminate you with a punishment; and he has failed who invents ˹such falsehood˺."  

Moses said to them — and there were 72 of them, each with a rope and a staff in his hand — ‘Woe to you!, meaning, may God make you liable to woe. Do not invent a lie against God, by ascribing partners to Him, lest He annihilate you (read fa-yushitakum or fa-yashatakum) by some chastisement, from Him. For verily he who invents lies, against God, fails’, ˹he˺ is the loser.
القرآن:٢٠:٦١

قَالَ لَهُمْ مُوسَىٰ وَيْلَكُمْ لَا تَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا فَيُسْحِتَكُمْ بِعَذَابٍ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنِ افْتَرَىٰ  

{قال لهم موسى} وهم اثنان وسبعون مع كل واحد حبل وعصا {ويلكم} أي ألزمكم الله الويل {لا تفتروا على الله كذبا} بإشراك أحد معه {فيُسحتكم} بضم الياء وكسر الحاء وبفتحهما أي يهلككم {بعذاب} من عنده {وقد خاب} خسر {من افترى} كذب على الله.
quran:20:62

So they disputed over their affair among themselves and concealed their private conversation.  

So they disputed their matter among themselves, regarding Moses and his brother, and kept secret their private counsel, that is, their conversation regarding the two,
القرآن:٢٠:٦٢

فَتَنَازَعُوا أَمْرَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَسَرُّوا النَّجْوَىٰ  

{فتنازعوا أمرهم بينهم} في موسى وأخيه {وأسرُّوا النجوى} أي الكلام بينهم فيهما.
quran:20:63

They said, "Indeed, these are two magicians who want to drive you out of your land with their magic and do away with your most exemplary way.  

They said, to each other, ‘These two men (hādhān, this ˹form˺ concords with the forms used by those ˹grammarians˺ who use the alif ˹ending˺ for all three cases of the dual person; Abū ‘Amr has ˹the variant reading˺ hādhayn) are indeed sorcerers who intend to expel you from your land by their sorcery, and do away with your excellent traditions (muthlā, the feminine form of amthal, meaning ‘the noblest’) in other words, ˹they will do away with the loyalty of˺ the noblemen among you, because these ˹latter˺ will prefer the two of them ˹Moses and Aaron˺ on account of their triumph.
القرآن:٢٠:٦٣

قَالُوا إِنْ هَٰذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ يُرِيدَانِ أَنْ يُخْرِجَاكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِكُمْ بِسِحْرِهِمَا وَيَذْهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ الْمُثْلَىٰ  

{قالوا} لأنفسهم {إن هذان} وهو موافق للغة من يأتي في المثنى بالألف في أحواله الثلاث ولأبي عمرو: هذين {لساحران يريدان أن يخرجاكم من أرضكم بسحرهما ويذهبا بطريقتكم المثلى} مؤنث أمثل بمعنى أشرف أي بأشرافكم بميلهم إليهما لغلبتهما.
quran:20:64

So resolve upon your plan and then come ˹forward˺ in line. And he has succeeded today who overcomes."  

So summon up your guile, in the way of sorcery (read fa’jma‘ū, from ˹the first form˺ jama‘a, meaning ‘he gathered’, or read fa-ajmi‘ū, from ˹the fourth form˺ ajma‘a, meaning ‘he resolved ˹to do something˺’) and come in battle-line (saffan, a circumstantial qualifier, meaning ‘standing in rows’). For truly he who is uppermost, ˹he who˺ triumphs, this day shall be the victor!’
القرآن:٢٠:٦٤

فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ ثُمَّ ائْتُوا صَفًّا ۚ وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَعْلَىٰ  

{فأجمعوا كيدكم} من السحر بهمزة وصل وفتح الميم من جمع أي لمَّ وبهمزة قطع وكسر الميم من أجمع أحكم {ثم أئتوا صفا} حال أي مصطفين {وقد أفلح} فاز {اليوم من استعلى} غلب.