20. Sūrat Ṭā Hā

٢٠۔ سُورَةُ طه

20.10 When the Prophet Moses went to Mount Sinai for communion with God - Israelites started worshipping the calf in his absence.

٢٠۔١٠ مقطع في سُورَةُ طه

quran:20:83

˹Allah˺ said, "And what made you hasten from your people, O Moses?"  

‘And what has hurried you ˹to depart˺ from your people, in order to come to the appointed time to receive the Torah, O Moses?’
القرآن:٢٠:٨٣

وَمَا أَعْجَلَكَ عَنْ قَوْمِكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ  

{وما أعجلك عن قومك} لمجيء ميعاد أخذ التوراة {يا موسى}.
quran:20:84

He said, "They are close upon my tracks, and I hastened to You, my Lord, that You be pleased."  

He said, ‘They are close, behind me, coming, upon my track, and I hastened to You, my Lord, that You may be pleased’, with me, in other words, to please you ˹even˺ more — before ˹giving˺ the response, he gives an excuse, according to what he supposed ˹was the situation with his people˺,
القرآن:٢٠:٨٤

قَالَ هُمْ أُولَاءِ عَلَىٰ أَثَرِي وَعَجِلْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَبِّ لِتَرْضَىٰ  

{قال هم أولاء} أي بالقرب مني يأتون {على أثري وعجلت إليك رب لترضى} عني أي زيادة في رضاك وقبل الجواب أتى بالاعتذار حسب ظنه، وتخلف المظنون لما:
quran:20:85

˹Allah˺ said, "But indeed, We have tried your people after you ˹departed˺, and the Samiri has led them astray."  

But those he supposed ˹to be following him˺ had remained behind, for He, exalted be He, said, ‘Indeed We tried your people after you, that is, after your departure from them, and the Samaritan led them astray’, so they took to worshipping the ˹golden˺ calf.
القرآن:٢٠:٨٥

قَالَ فَإِنَّا قَدْ فَتَنَّا قَوْمَكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ وَأَضَلَّهُمُ السَّامِرِيُّ  

{قال} تعالى {فإنا قد فتنا قومك من بعدك} أي بعد فراقك لهم {وأضلهم السامري} فعبدوا العجل.
quran:20:86

So Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved. He said, "O my people, did your Lord not make you a good promise? Then, was the time ˹of its fulfillment˺ too long for you, or did you wish that wrath from your Lord descend upon you, so you broke your promise ˹of obedience˺ to me?"  

Thereupon Moses returned to his people, angry, with them, and sad, extremely grieved. He said, ‘O my people, did not your Lord promise you a fair promise?, that is, a true ˹promise˺ that He will give you the Torah? Did the period, the length of my absence from you, seem too long for you, or did you desire that wrath should become incumbent against you from your Lord, by your worship of the ˹golden˺ calf, and so you broke your tryst with me?’, and failed to follow after me?
القرآن:٢٠:٨٦

فَرَجَعَ مُوسَىٰ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ غَضْبَانَ أَسِفًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَلَمْ يَعِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا ۚ أَفَطَالَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْعَهْدُ أَمْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ يَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُمْ مَوْعِدِي  

{فرجع موسى إلى قومه غضبان} من جهتهم {أسفا} شديد الحزن {قال يا قوم ألم يعدكم ربكم وعدا حسنا} أي صدقا أنه يعطيكم التوراة {أفطال عليكم العهد} مدة مفارقتي إياكم {أم أردتم أن يحل} يجب {عليكم غضب من ربكم} بعبادتكم العجل {فأخلفتم موعدي} وتركتم المجيء بعدي.
quran:20:87

They said, "We did not break our promise to you by our will, but we were made to carry burdens from the ornaments of the people ˹of Pharaoh˺, so we threw them ˹into the fire˺, and thus did the Samiri throw."  

They said, ‘We did not break our tryst with you of our own accord (read the mīm with any of the three vowellings, meaning ‘by our own power’ or ‘of our own will’), but we were laden with (read hamalnā, ‘we carried’, or hummilnā, ‘we were made to carry’) the burdens, the weight, of the people’s ornaments, of the trinkets of Pharaoh’s folk — which the Children of Israel had borrowed from them on the pretext of ˹using them for˺ a wedding, but which had remained with them — and we cast them, we threw them into the fire at the command of the Samaritan, and so, just as We cast, did the Samaritan cast, what he had on him of their trinkets together with the dust that he took from the track left by the hoof of Gabriel’s steed, as follows:
القرآن:٢٠:٨٧

قَالُوا مَا أَخْلَفْنَا مَوْعِدَكَ بِمَلْكِنَا وَلَٰكِنَّا حُمِّلْنَا أَوْزَارًا مِنْ زِينَةِ الْقَوْمِ فَقَذَفْنَاهَا فَكَذَٰلِكَ أَلْقَى السَّامِرِيُّ  

{قالوا ما أخلفنا موعدك بملكنا} مثلث الميم أي بقدرتنا أو أمرنا {ولكنا حَمَلْنا} بفتح الحاء مخففا وبضمها وكسر الميم مشددا {أوزارا} أثقالاً {من زينة القوم} أي قوم فرعون، استعارها بنو إسرائيل بعلَّة عرس فبقيت عندهم {فقذفناها} طرحناها في النار بأمر السامري {فكذلك} كما ألقينا {ألقى السامري} ما معه من حليهم، ومن التراب الذي أخذه من أثر حافر فرس جبريل على الوجه الآتي:
quran:20:88

And he extracted for them ˹the statue of˺ a calf which had a lowing sound, and they said, "This is your god and the god of Moses, but he forgot."  

Then he produced for them a calf, which he fashioned from the ˹melted˺ trinkets — a ˹mere˺ body, of flesh and blood, with a low, in other words, ˹it made˺ a sound that was audible; it was transformed into such ˹a state˺ because of the dust ˹from Gabriel’s steed˺ the effect of which is ˹to create˺ life in whatever thing it is placed. After he had fashioned it, he placed it ˹the dust˺ in its mouth. And they, namely, the Samaritan and his followers, said, ‘This is your God and the God of Moses: so he, Moses, forgot’, his Lord here and set off in search of him. God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٢٠:٨٨

فَأَخْرَجَ لَهُمْ عِجْلًا جَسَدًا لَهُ خُوَارٌ فَقَالُوا هَٰذَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ وَإِلَٰهُ مُوسَىٰ فَنَسِيَ  

{فأخرج لهم عجلاً} صاغه من الحلي {جسدا} لحما ودما {له خوار} أي صوت يُسمع أي انقلب كذلك بسبب التراب الذي أثره الحياة فيما يوضع ووضعه بعد صوغه في فمه {فقالوا} أي السامري وأتباعه {هذا إلهكم وإله موسى فنسيَ} موسى ربه هنا وذهب يطلبه قال تعالى:
quran:20:89

Did they not see that it could not return to them any speech and that it did not possess for them any harm or benefit?  

Did they not see that (˹in allā˺ an has been softened in place of the hardened form, with its subject omitted, in other words ˹it should be˺ annahu) it, the Calf, did not reciprocate their words, that is, that it did not give them any response in return, nor did it have any power over hurt for them, that is, ˹any power˺ to prevent it, or any benefit?, that is, ˹any power˺ to procure it ˹for them˺, in other words, how can such ˹a thing˺ be taken as a god?
القرآن:٢٠:٨٩

أَفَلَا يَرَوْنَ أَلَّا يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَوْلًا وَلَا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفْعًا  

(أفلا يرون أ) أن مخففة من الثقيلة واسمها محذوف أي أنه (لا يرجع) العجل (إليهم قولاً) أي لا يرد لهم جوابا (ولا يملك لهم ضرا) أي دفعه (ولا نفعا) أي جلبه أي فكيف يتخذ إلها؟