42. Sūrat al-Shūrá (1/2)

٤٢۔ سُورَةُ الشُّورَى ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 42
القرآن > كتاب ٤٢

Consultation (Meccan)

quran:42:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Ha, Meem.  

Hā mīm
القرآن:٤٢:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

حم  

{حم}.
quran:42:3 –

Thus has He revealed to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, and to those before you - Allah, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.  

Thus — in other words, in the same ˹manner of˺ revelation — does He reveal to you and, did He reveal, to those ˹who were˺ before you, God (Allāhu, is the agent of ˹the action of˺ revelation) the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Wise, in His actions.
القرآن:٤٢:٣ –

كَذَٰلِكَ يُوحِي إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ  

{كذلك} أي مثل ذلك الإيحاء {يوحي إليك و} أوحى {إلى الذين من قبلك الله} فاعل الإيحاء {العزيز} في ملك {الحكيم} في صنعه.
quran:42:4 –

To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and He is the Most High, the Most Great.  

To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, as possession, creation and servants, and He is the Exalted, above His creatures, the Tremendous, the Great.
القرآن:٤٢:٤ –

لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ  

{له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض} ملكاً وخلقاً وعبيداً {وهو العلي} على خلقه {العظيم} الكبير.
quran:42:5 –

The heavens almost break from above them, and the angels exalt ˹Allah˺ with praise of their Lord and ask forgiveness for those on earth. Unquestionably, it is Allah who is the Forgiving, the Merciful.  

The heavens are well-nigh (read yakādu, or takādu) rent asunder (yanfatirna: a variant reading has yatafattarna) from above one another, in other words, ˹well-nigh˺ is each one torn away from above the one below it because of the magnitude of God, exalted be He, and the angels glorify with praise of their Lord, in other words, they are continuously engaged in praise ˹of Him˺, and ask forgiveness for those, believers, on earth. Verily God is the Forgiving, to His friends, the Merciful, to them.
القرآن:٤٢:٥ –

تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْ فَوْقِهِنَّ ۚ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ  

{تكاد} بالتاء والياء {السماوات يتفطرن} بالنون، وفي قراءة بالتاء والشديد {من فوقهن} أي تنشق كل واحدة فوق التي تليها من عظمة الله تعالى {والملائكة يسبحون بحمد ربهم} أي ملابسين للحمد {ويستغفرون لمن في الأرض} من المؤمنين {ألا إن الله هو الغفور} لأوليائه {الرحيم} بهم.
quran:42:6 –

And those who take as allies other than Him - Allah is ˹yet˺ Guardian over them; and you, ˹O Muhammad˺, are not over them a manager.  

And those who have taken besides Him, namely, idols ˹as˺, guardians, God is watchful over them, He keeps count ˹of their deeds˺, that He may requite them; and you are not a guardian over them, in order to secure what is demanded of them: your duty is only to deliver the Message.
القرآن:٤٢:٦ –

وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِوَكِيلٍ  

{والذين اتخذوا من دونه} أي الأصنام {أولياء الله حفيظ} محص {عليهم} ليجازيهم {وما أنت عليهم بوكيل} تحصل المطلوب منهم، ما عليك إلا البلاغ.
quran:42:7 –

And thus We have revealed to you an Arabic Qur'an that you may warn the Mother of Cities ˹Makkah˺ and those around it and warn of the Day of Assembly, about which there is no doubt. A party will be in Paradise and a party in the Blaze.  

And thus — in the same ˹manner of˺ revelation — have We revealed to you an Arabic Qur’ān, that you may warn, ˹that you may˺ threaten, the mother-town and those around it, namely, the inhabitants of Mecca and all other people, and that you may warn, ˹all˺ people, of the Day of Gathering, the Day of Resurrection whereat ˹all˺ creatures will be gathered, of which there is no doubt. A part, of them, will be in Paradise and a part will be in the Blaze, the Fire.
القرآن:٤٢:٧ –

وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِتُنْذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَتُنْذِرَ يَوْمَ الْجَمْعِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ ۚ فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ  

{وكذلك} مثل ذلك الإيحاء {أوحينا إليك قرآناً عربيا لتنذر} تخوّف {أم القرى ومن حولها} أي أهل مكة وسائر الناس {وتنذر} الناس {يوم الجمع} يوم القيامة فيه الخلائق {لا ريب} شك {فيه فريق} منهم {في الجنة وفريقٌ في السعير} النار.
quran:42:8 –

And if Allah willed, He could have made them ˹of˺ one religion, but He admits whom He wills into His mercy. And the wrongdoers have not any protector or helper.  

And had God willed, He would have made them one community, in other words, following one religion, and that is Islam; but He admits whomever He will into His mercy, and the evildoers, the disbelievers, have neither guardian nor helper, to ward off the chastisement from them.
القرآن:٤٢:٨ –

وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَٰكِنْ يُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ ۚ وَالظَّالِمُونَ مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ  

{ولو شاء الله لجعلهم أمة واحدة} أي على دين واحد، وهو الإسلام {ولكن يدخل من يشاء في رحمته والظالمون} الكافرون {ما لهم من وليّ ولا نصير} يدفع عنهم العذاب.
quran:42:9 –

Or have they taken protectors ˹or allies˺ besides him? But Allah - He is the Protector, and He gives life to the dead, and He is over all things competent.  

Or have they taken, idols ˹as˺, guardians besides Him? (am, ‘or’, is disjunctive, functioning with the sense of bal, ‘nay, but’, the one used to denote a shift ˹in the subject matter˺; the hamza is for denial, in other words ‘those who are taken’ ˹as guardians˺ are not ˹in fact˺ guardians ˹of anything˺). But God, He ˹alone˺ is the Guardian, in other words, then One who helps believers (the fā’ ˹of fa’Llāhu˺ is merely for coordination) and He revives the dead, and He has power over all things.
القرآن:٤٢:٩ –

أَمِ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ ۖ فَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْوَلِيُّ وَهُوَ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{أم اتخذوا من دونه} أي الأصنام {أولياء} أم منقطعة بمعنى: بل التي للانتقال، والهمزة للإنكار أي ليس المتخذون أولياء {فالله هو الولي} أي الناصر للمؤمنين والفاء لمجرد العطف {وهو يحيي الموتى وهو على كل شيءٍ قدير}.
quran:42:10 –

And in anything over which you disagree - its ruling is ˹to be referred˺ to Allah. ˹Say˺, "That is Allah, my Lord; upon Him I have relied, and to Him I turn back."  

And whatever you may differ, with disbelievers, in, of religion or otherwise, the verdict therein belongs, it will return, to God, on the Day of Resurrection; He will judge between you. Say to them: That then is God, my Lord; in Him I have put my trust, and to Him I turn penitently.
القرآن:٤٢:١٠ –

وَمَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَحُكْمُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبِّي عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ  

{وما اختلفتم} مع الكفار {فيه من شيءٍ} من الدين وغيره {فحكمه} مردود {إلى الله} يوم القيامة يفصل بينكم، قل لهم {ذلكم الله ربي عليه توكلت وإليه أنيب} أرجع.
quran:42:11 –

˹He is˺ Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you from yourselves, mates, and among the cattle, mates; He multiplies you thereby. There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.  

The Originator of the heavens and the earth, the One Who created them ˹without precedent˺. He has made for you, from your own selves, pairs, when He created Eve from Adam’s rib, and ˹also˺ pairs, males and females, of the cattle: He multiplies you (read yadhra’ukum) by such ˹means˺, by the mentioned ‘making’, that is to say, He multiplies you through this ˹means˺ by way of propagation (the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun ˹-kum in yadhra’ukum, ‘He multiplies you’˺ refers to both human beings and cattle, but predominantly ˹to humans˺). There is nothing like Him (ka-mithlihi: the kāf is extra, as there is no likeness of Him, exalted be He). He is the Hearer, of what is said, the Seer, of what is done.
القرآن:٤٢:١١ –

فَاطِرُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَمِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ أَزْوَاجًا ۖ يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ ۚ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ ۖ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ  

{فاطر السماوات والأرض} مبدعهما {جعل لكم من أنفسكم أزواجاً} حيث خلق حواء من ضلع آدم {ومن الأنعام أزواجاً} ذكوراً وإناثاً {يذرؤكم} بالمعجمة بخلقكم {فيه} في الجعل المذكور، أي يكثركم بسببه بالتوالد والضمير للأناسي والأنعام بالتغليب {ليس كمثله شيء} الكاف زائدة لأنه تعالى لا مثل له {وهو السميع} لما يقال {البصير} لما يفعل.
quran:42:12 –

To Him belong the keys of the heavens and the earth. He extends provision for whom He wills and restricts ˹it˺. Indeed He is, of all things, Knowing.  

To Him belong the keys of the heavens and the earth, the keys to their storehouses of rain and vegetation and other things. He extends provision, He makes it abundant, for whomever He will, as a test ˹of their gratitude˺, and He restricts ˹it˺, He straitens it for whomever He will, as a trial. Truly He has knowledge of all things.
القرآن:٤٢:١٢ –

لَهُ مَقَالِيدُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ  

{له مقاليد السماوات والأرض} أي مفاتيح خزائنهما من المطر والنبات وغيرهما {يبسط الرزق} يوسعه {لمن يشاء} امتحاناً {ويقدر} يضيقه لمن يشاء ابتلاءً {إنه بكل شيء عليم}.
quran:42:13 –

He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Noah and that which We have revealed to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, and what We enjoined upon Abraham and Moses and Jesus - to establish the religion and not be divided therein. Difficult for those who associate others with Allah is that to which you invite them. Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills and guides to Himself whoever turns back ˹to Him˺.  

He has prescribed for you as a religion that which He enjoined upon Noah — for he was the first of the prophets ˹sent˺ with a ˹Divine˺ Law — and that which We have revealed to you, and that which We enjoined upon Abraham, and Moses, and Jesus ˹declaring˺, ‘Establish religion and do not be divided in it’: this is what has been prescribed and enjoined upon ˹those mentioned above˺, and what has been revealed to Muhammad (s), and it is the affirmation of ˹God’s˺ Oneness. Dreadful is for the idolaters that to which you summon them, in the way of affirming the Oneness ˹of God˺. God chooses for it, for the ˹task of˺ affirming ˹His˺ Oneness, whomever He will, and He guides to it whomever turns penitently, ˹whomever˺ applies himself to obedience of Him.
القرآن:٤٢:١٣ –

شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ ۖ أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ وَلَا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ ۚ كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ ۚ اللَّهُ يَجْتَبِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُنِيبُ  

{شرع لكم من الدين ما وصى به نوحاً} هو أول أنبياء الشريعة {والذي أوحينا إليك وما وصينا به إبراهيم وموسى وعيسى أن أقيموا الدين ولا تتفرقوا فيه} هذا هو المشروع الموصى به، والموحى إلى محمد ﷺ وهو التوحيد {كبر} عظم {على المشركين ما تدعوهم إليه} من التوحيد {الله يجتبي إليه} إلى التوحيد {من يشاء ويهدي إليه من ينيب} يقبل إلى طاعته.
quran:42:14 –

And they did not become divided until after knowledge had come to them - out of jealous animosity between themselves. And if not for a word that preceded from your Lord ˹postponing the penalty˺ until a specified time, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, those who were granted inheritance of the Scripture after them are, concerning it, in disquieting doubt.  

And they did not become divided, that is, the adherents of the ˹monotheistic˺ religions ˹did not become divided˺ in religion — so that some affirmed the Oneness ˹of God˺, while others rejected it — except after the knowledge, of His Oneness, had come to them, out of ˹jealous˺ rivalry, on the part of the disbelievers, among themselves. And were it not for a Word that preceded from your Lord, to defer requital ˹of them˺, until an appointed term, ˹until˺ the Day of Resurrection, it would have ˹already˺ been judged between them, to chastise the disbelievers in this world. And indeed those who were made heirs to the Scripture after them, namely, the Jews and the Christians, are truly in grave doubt concerning him, Muhammad (s).
القرآن:٤٢:١٤ –

وَمَا تَفَرَّقُوا إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُورِثُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ مُرِيبٍ  

{وما تفرَّقوا} أي أهل الأديان في الدين بأن وحد بعض وكفر بعض {إلا من بعد ما جاءهم العلم} بالتوحيد {بغياً} من الكافرين {بينهم ولولا كلمة سبقت من ربك} بتأخير الجزاء {إلى أجل مسمى} يوم القيامة {لقضي بينهم} بتعذيب الكافرين في الدنيا {وإن الذين أورثوا الكتاب من بعدهم} وهم اليهود والنصارى {لفي شك منه} من محمد ﷺ {مريب} موقع في الريبة.
quran:42:15 –

So to that ˹religion of Allah˺ invite, ˹O Muhammad˺, and remain on a right course as you are commanded and do not follow their inclinations but say, "I have believed in what Allah has revealed of the Qur'an, and I have been commanded to do justice among you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord. For us are our deeds, and for you your deeds. There is no ˹need for˺ argument between us and you. Allah will bring us together, and to Him is the ˹final˺ destination."  

So to that then, ˹to that˺ affirmation of ˹God’s˺ Oneness, summon, O Muhammad (s), people, and be upright, in ˹summoning them to˺ this, just as you have been commanded, and do not follow them in their desires, to abandon it. And say: ‘I believe in whatever Book God has revealed. And I have been commanded to be just between you, in passing judgement. God is our Lord and your Lord. Our deeds concern us and your deeds concern you, and so each ˹one of us˺ will be requited according to his ˹own˺ deeds. There is no argument, ˹no˺ dispute, between us and you — this was ˹revealed˺ before the command to struggle ˹against them˺. God will bring us together, at the ˹time of the˺ Return to decide ˹definitively˺ between us, and to Him is the ˹final˺ destination’, the ˹ultimate˺ return.
القرآن:٤٢:١٥ –

فَلِذَٰلِكَ فَادْعُ ۖ وَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۖ وَقُلْ آمَنْتُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ ۖ وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ ۖ اللَّهُ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ ۖ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ ۖ لَا حُجَّةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ ۖ اللَّهُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَنَا ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ  

{فلذلك} التوحيد {فادع} يا محمد الناس {واستقم} عليه {كما أمرت ولا تتبع أهواءهم} في تركه {وقل آمنت بما أنزل الله من كتاب وأمرت لأعدل} أي بأن أعدل {بينكم} في الحكم {الله ربنا وربكم لنا أعمالنا ولكم أعمالكم} فكل يجازى بعمله {لا حجة} خصومة {بيننا وبينكم} هذا قبل أن يؤمر بالجهاد {الله يجمع بيننا} في المعاد لفصل القضاء {وإليه المصير} المرجع.
quran:42:16 –

And those who argue concerning Allah after He has been responded to - their argument is invalid with their Lord, and upon them is ˹His˺ wrath, and for them is a severe punishment.  

And those who argue, with the Prophet, concerning, the religion of, God after His call has been answered, through faith, on account of His miracle having been manifested — and they are the Jews — their argument stands refuted, ˹is˺ invalid, with their Lord, and ˹His˺ wrath shall be upon them, and there will be a severe chastisement for them.
القرآن:٤٢:١٦ –

وَالَّذِينَ يُحَاجُّونَ فِي اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ حُجَّتُهُمْ دَاحِضَةٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ  

{والذين يحاجُّون في} دين {الله} نبيه {من بعد ما استجيب له} بالإيمان لظهور معجزته وهم اليهود {حجتهم داحضة} باطلة {عند ربهم وعليهم غضب ولهم عذاب شديد}.
quran:42:17 –

It is Allah who has sent down the Book in truth and ˹also˺ the balance. And what will make you perceive? Perhaps the Hour is near.  

God it is Who has revealed the Book, the Qur’ān, with the truth (bi’l-haqqi is semantically connected to anzala, ‘revealed’) as well as the Balance, Justice. And what do you know — perhaps the Hour, that is, its arrival, is near! (la‘alla, ‘perhaps’, comments on the verb describing the action, with what follows it functioning as two direct objects).
القرآن:٤٢:١٧ –

اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَالْمِيزَانَ ۗ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ السَّاعَةَ قَرِيبٌ  

{الله الذي أنزل الكتاب} القرآن {بالحق} متعلق بأنزل {والميزان} العدل {وما يدريك} يعلمك {لعل الساعة} أي إتيانها {قريب} ولعل معلق للفعل عن العمل وما بعده سد مسد المفعولين.
quran:42:18 –

Those who do not believe in it are impatient for it, but those who believe are fearful of it and know that it is the truth. Unquestionably, those who dispute concerning the Hour are in extreme error.  

Those who do not believe in it seek to hasten it: they say, ‘When will it come?’, as a presumption on their part that it will never come; but those who believe are apprehensive of it and know that it is the truth. Nay, but verily those who are in doubt, those who argue, concerning the Hour are indeed in extreme error!
القرآن:٤٢:١٨ –

يَسْتَعْجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهَا ۖ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مُشْفِقُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الْحَقُّ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُمَارُونَ فِي السَّاعَةِ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ  

{يستعجل بها الذين لا يؤمنون بها} يقولون متى تأتي ظنا منهم أنها غير آتية {والذين آمنوا مشفقون} خائفون {منها ويعلمون أنها الحق ألا إن الذين يمارون} يجادلون {في الساعة لفي ضلال بعيد}.
quran:42:19 –

Allah is Subtle with His servants; He gives provisions to whom He wills. And He is the Powerful, the Exalted in Might.  

God is Gracious to His servants, both the pious and the profligate, for He does not destroy them through hunger, despite their acts of disobedience. He provides for whomever He will, from among each of the two ˹classes of individuals˺ whatever He will. And He is the Strong, in ˹effecting˺ what He wants, the Mighty, Whose way ˹always˺ prevails.
القرآن:٤٢:١٩ –

اللَّهُ لَطِيفٌ بِعِبَادِهِ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ وَهُوَ الْقَوِيُّ الْعَزِيزُ  

{الله لطيف بعباده} برهم وفاجرهم حيث لم يهلكهم جوعاً بمعاصيهم {يرزق من يشاء} من كل منهم ما يشاء {وهو القوي} على مراده {العزيز} الغالب على أمره.
quran:42:20 –

Whoever desires the harvest of the Hereafter - We increase for him in his harvest. And whoever desires the harvest of this world - We give him thereof, but there is not for him in the Hereafter any share.  

And whoever desires, in return for his actions, the harvest of the Hereafter, in other words, its gains, and that is reward, We will enhance for him his harvest, by multiplying in it the good deed up tenfold or more; and whoever desires the harvest of this world, We will give him of it, without multiplying ˹any of it˺, ˹giving him˺ only what is his ˹preordained˺ share; but in the Hereafter he will have no share.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٠ –

مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الْآخِرَةِ نَزِدْ لَهُ فِي حَرْثِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبٍ  

{من كان يريد} بعمله {حرث الآخرة} أي كسبها وهو الثواب {نزد له في حرثه} بالتضعيف فيه الحسنة إلى العشرة وأكثر {ومن كان يريد حرث الدنيا نؤته منها} بلا تضعيف ما قسم له {وما له في الآخرة من نصيب}.
quran:42:21 –

Or have they other deities who have ordained for them a religion to which Allah has not consented? But if not for the decisive word, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, the wrongdoers will have a painful punishment.  

Or have they, the Meccan disbelievers, associates — these being their devils — who have prescribed for them, for the disbelievers, a religion, a corrupt ˹religion˺, which God has not given permission for?, such as idolatry and denial of resurrection? And were it not for a ˹prior˺ decisive word, in other words, a prior decree to the effect that requital will take place on the Day of Resurrection, it would have been judged between them, and the believers, by chastising the former in this world. Truly the wrongdoers, the disbelievers, will have a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٤٢:٢١ –

أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُوا لَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{أم} بل {لهم} لكفار مكة {شركاء} هم شياطينهم {شرعوا} أي الشركاء {لهم} للكفار {من الدين} الفاسد {ما لم يأذن به الله} كالشرك وإنكار البعث {ولولا كلمة الفصل} أي القضاء السابق بأن الجزاء في يوم القيامة {لقضي بينهم} وبين المؤمنين بالتعذيب لهم في الدنيا {وإن الظالمين} الكافرين {لهم عذاب أليم} مؤلم.
quran:42:22 –

You will see the wrongdoers fearful of what they have earned, and it will ˹certainly˺ befall them. And those who have believed and done righteous deeds will be in lush regions of the gardens ˹in Paradise˺ having whatever they will in the presence of their Lord. That is what is the great bounty.  

You will see the wrongdoers, on the Day of Resurrection, apprehensive because of what they had earned, in this world, in the way of evil deeds, lest they be requited for these; and it, that is, the requital for these ˹deeds˺, will surely befall them, on the Day of Resurrection, inevitably; but those who believe and perform righteous deeds will be in the lushest Gardens, in other words, in the best of these ˹Gardens˺ in comparison with the other ones. They will have whatever they wish near their Lord; that is the great favour.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٢ –

تَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فِي رَوْضَاتِ الْجَنَّاتِ ۖ لَهُمْ مَا يَشَاءُونَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ  

{ترى الظالمين} يوم القيامة {مشفقين} خائفين {مما كسبوا} في الدنيا من السيئات أن يجازوا عليها {وهو} أي الجزاء عليها {واقع بهم} يوم القيامة لا محالة {والذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات في روضات الجنات} أنزهها بالنسبة إلى من دونهم {لهم ما يشاءُون عند ربهم ذلك هو الفضل الكبير}.
quran:42:23 –

It is that of which Allah gives good tidings to His servants who believe and do righteous deeds. Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "I do not ask you for this message any payment ˹but˺ only good will through kinship." And whoever commits a good deed - We will increase for him good therein. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Appreciative.  

That is the good tidings (read yubshiru or yubashshiru, from bishāra, ‘good news’) which God gives to His servants who believe and perform righteous deeds. Say: ‘I do not ask of you any reward for it, for delivering the Message, except the affection for ˹my˺ kinsfolk (illā, ‘except’: this represents a discontinuous exception, in other words, ‘but I do ask of you that you show affection for my kinship ˹with you˺, which at the same time is your kinship’; for he ˹the Prophet˺ had kinship ties with all the subdivisions of the ˹tribe of˺ Quraysh). And whoever acquires a good deed, an act of obedience, We shall enhance for him its goodness, by multiplying ˹the reward for˺ it. Surely God is Forgiving, of sins, Appreciative, ˹even˺ of little ˹good˺, and so He multiplies it ˹manifold˺.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٣ –

ذَٰلِكَ الَّذِي يُبَشِّرُ اللَّهُ عِبَادَهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ۗ قُلْ لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبَىٰ ۗ وَمَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيهَا حُسْنًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ  

{ذلك الذي يَبْشُرُ} من البشارة مخففاً ومثقلاً به {الله عباده الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات قل لا أسألكم عليه} على تبليغ الرسالة {أجراً إلا المودة في القربى} استثناء منقطع، أي لكن أسألكم أن تودوا قرابتي التي هي قرابتكم أيضاً فإن له في كل بطن من قريش قرابة {ومن يقترف} يكتسب {حسنة} طاعة {تزد له فيها حسناً} بتضعيفها {إن الله غفور} للذنوب {شكور} للقليل فيضاعفه.
quran:42:24 –

Or do they say, "He has invented about Allah a lie"? But if Allah willed, He could seal over your heart. And Allah eliminates falsehood and establishes the truth by His words. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.  

Or (am here is like bal) do they say, ‘He has invented a lie against God?’, in ascribing the Qur’ān to God, exalted be He. For if God will, He can seal, He can fortify, your heart, with patience to endure the hurt they cause ˹you˺ by such sayings and otherwise — and God did this. And God will efface the falsehood, which they speak, and vindicate, confirm, the truth with His words, ˹the ones˺ revealed to His Prophet. Truly He is Knower of what is in the breasts, of what is in the hearts ˹of people˺.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٤ –

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا ۖ فَإِنْ يَشَإِ اللَّهُ يَخْتِمْ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ ۗ وَيَمْحُ اللَّهُ الْبَاطِلَ وَيُحِقُّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَاتِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ  

{أم} بل {يقولون افترى على الله كذباً} بنسبة القرآن إلى الله تعالى {فإن يشأ الله يختم} يربط {على قلبك} بالصبر على أذاهم بهذا القول وغيره، وقد فعل {ويَمْحُ الله الباطل} الذي قالوه {ويحق الحق} يثبته {بكلماته} المنزلة على بنيه {إنه عليم بذات الصدور} بما في القلوب.
quran:42:25 –

And it is He who accepts repentance from his servants and pardons misdeeds, and He knows what you do.  

And He it is Who accepts repentance from His servants, and pardons evil deeds, those from which repentance has been made, and knows what they do (yaf‘alūna, may also be read taf‘alūna, ‘you do’).
القرآن:٤٢:٢٥ –

وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ  

{وهو الذي يقبل التوبة عن عباده} منهم {ويعفو عن السيئات} المتاب عنها {ويعلم ما يفعلون} بالياء والتاء.
quran:42:26 –

And He answers ˹the supplication of˺ those who have believed and done righteous deeds and increases ˹for˺ them from His bounty. But the disbelievers will have a severe punishment.  

And He answers those who believe and perform righteous deeds, He grants them what they ask for, and He enhances them of His bounty. And as for the disbelievers, for them there will be a severe chastisement.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٦ –

وَيَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ وَالْكَافِرُونَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ  

{ويستجيب الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات} يجيبهم إلى ما يسألون {ويزيدهم من فضله والكافرون لهم عذاب شديد}.
quran:42:27 –

And if Allah had extended ˹excessively˺ provision for His servants, they would have committed tyranny throughout the earth. But He sends ˹it˺ down in an amount which He wills. Indeed He is, of His servants, Acquainted and Seeing.  

For were God to extend His provision to His servants, ˹to˺ all of them, they would, all of them, surely become covetous, in other words, they would become tyrants, in the earth; but He sends down (read yunzilu or yunazzilu) of provisions, in the measure that He will, thus extending it for some of His servants to the exclusion of others — and from ˹such˺ extending ˹of provision to some˺ emerges tyranny. Surely He is Aware, Seer of His servants.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٧ –

وَلَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِ لَبَغَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِنْ يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ  

{ولو بسط الله الرزق لعباده} جميعهم {لبغوا} جميعهم أي طغوا {في الأرض ولكن ينزل} بالتخفيف وضده من الأرزاق {بقدر ما يشاء} فيبسطها لبعض عباده دون، وينشأ عن البسط البغي {إنه بعباده خبير بصير}.
quran:42:28 –

And it is He who sends down the rain after they had despaired and spreads His mercy. And He is the Protector, the Praiseworthy.  

And He it is Who sends down the ˹saving˺ rain after they have despaired, ˹after˺ they have given up hope of its being sent down, and unfolds His mercy, He extends His rain, and He is the ˹true˺ Patron, the Benevolent towards believers, the Praised, by them.
القرآن:٤٢:٢٨ –

وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُوا وَيَنْشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْوَلِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ  

{وهو الذي ينزل الغيث} المطر {من بعدما قنطوا} يئسوا من نزوله {وينشر رحمته} يبسط مطره {وهو الولي} المحسن للمؤمنين {الحميد} المحمود عندهم.
quran:42:29 –

And of his signs is the creation of the heavens and earth and what He has dispersed throughout them of creatures. And He, for gathering them when He wills, is competent.  

And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and, the creation of, whatever He has scattered, ˹whatever˺ He has divided and spread, in them in the way of creatures (dābba: this denotes all those ˹creatures˺ which tread ˹yadubbu˺ upon the earth, whether human beings or otherwise). And He is able to bring them together, for the Gathering, whenever He will (rational beings as opposed to others predominate in the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun ˹-him of jam‘ihim, ‘to bring them together’˺).
القرآن:٤٢:٢٩ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ ۚ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَاءُ قَدِيرٌ  

{ومن آياته خلق السماوات والأرض} خلق {ما بث} فرق ونشر {فيهما من دابة} هي ما يدب على الأرض من الناس وغيرهم {وهو على جمعهم} للحشر {إذا يشاء قدير} في الضمير تغليب العاقل على غيره.
quran:42:30 –

And whatever strikes you of disaster - it is for what your hands have earned; but He pardons much.  

And whatever affliction, ˹whatever˺ misfortune or hardship, may befall you — ˹this is˺ an address to the believers — is on account of what your ˹own˺ hands have earned, that is to say, ˹for˺ the sins that you have committed — the use of ‘hands’ to express this is because most actions are effected by them. And He pardons much, of these ˹sins˺ and does not requite them, for God’s kindness is greater than that He should ˹for example˺ double the requital in the Hereafter; as for those who do not commit ˹grave˺ sins, then what befalls them in this world ˹of hardship˺ raises their degree in the ˹reward of the˺ Hereafter.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٠ –

وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ  

{وما أصابكم} خطاب للمؤمنين {من مصيبة} بلية وشدة {فبما كسبت أيديكم} أي كسبتم من الذنوب وعبر بالأيدي لأن أكثر الأفعال تزاول بها {ويعفو عن كثير} منها فلا يجازي عليه وهو تعالى أكرم من أن يثني الجزاء في الآخرة، وأما غير المذنبين فما يصيبهم في الدنيا لرفع درجاتهم في الآخرة.
quran:42:31 –

And you will not cause failure ˹to Allah˺ upon the earth. And you have not besides Allah any protector or helper.  

And you, O idolaters, cannot escape, from God, by fleeing, on earth, and thus elude Him, and, besides God, that is to say, other than Him, you have neither protector nor helper, to ward off His chastisement from you.
القرآن:٤٢:٣١ –

وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ  

{وما أنتم} يا مشركون {بمعجزين} الله هرباً {في الأرض} فتفوتوه {وما لكم من دون الله} أي غيره {من وليّ ولا نصير} يدفع عذابه عنكم.
quran:42:32 –

And of His signs are the ships in the sea, like mountains.  

And of His signs are the ships ˹that run˺ on the sea ˹appearing˺ like landmarks, like mountains, in terms of their magnitude.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٢ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ الْجَوَارِ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَالْأَعْلَامِ  

{ومن آياته الجوار} السفن {في البحر كالأعلام} كالجبال في العظم.
quran:42:33 –

If He willed, He could still the wind, and they would remain motionless on its surface. Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.  

If He will, He stills the wind, whereat they remain, they become, motionless, fixed, not moving, on its surface. Surely in that there are signs for every steadfast, grateful ˹servant˺ — this is the believer, who is steadfast during hardship and grateful in ˹times of˺ comfort.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٣ –

إِنْ يَشَأْ يُسْكِنِ الرِّيحَ فَيَظْلَلْنَ رَوَاكِدَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ  

{إن يشأ يسكن الريح فيظللن} يصرن {رواكد} ثوابت لا تجري {على ظهره إن في ذلك لآيات لكل صبَّار شكور} هو المؤمن يصبر في الشدة ويشكر في الرخاء.
quran:42:34 –

Or He could destroy them for what they earned; but He pardons much.  

Or He wrecks them (yūbiqhunna, a supplement to yuskin, ‘He stills’), that is to say, ˹or˺ He sinks them, including their passengers, by sending violent winds ˹upon them˺, because of what they, that is, the passengers of these ˹ships˺, have earned, of sins. And He pardons much, of such ˹sin˺ and does not cause those who have sinned to drown.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٤ –

أَوْ يُوبِقْهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُوا وَيَعْفُ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ  

أو يوبقهنَّ} عطف على يسكن أي يغرقهن بعصف الريح بأهلهن {بما كسبوا} أي أهلهن من الذنوب {ويعف عن كثير} منها فلا يغرق أهله.
quran:42:35 –

And ˹that is so˺ those who dispute concerning Our signs may know that for them there is no place of escape.  

And that those who dispute concerning Our signs may know (read ˹indicative˺ wa-ya‘lamu, ‘and ˹they˺ know’, beginning a new sentence; or ˹subjunctive˺ wa-ya‘lama, ‘and that ˹they˺ may know’, as a supplement to an implicit reason, in other words: ‘He drowns them in order to exact vengeance against them and so that they may know that …’) they have no refuge, no escape from the chastisement (the negation represents two direct objects of ˹the verb˺ ya‘lamu ˹or ya‘lama˺, ‘˹they˺ know’; the negation is also a comment on the ˹implied˺ action ˹of ‘escaping’˺).
القرآن:٤٢:٣٥ –

وَيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِنَا مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ  

{ويعلمُ} بالرفع مستأنف وبالنصب معطوف على تعليل مقدر، أي يغرقهم لينتقم منهم، ويعلم {الذين يجادلون في آياتنا ما لهم من محيص} مهرب من العذاب، وجملة النفي سدت مسد مفعولي يعلم، والنفي معلق عن العمل.
quran:42:36 –

So whatever thing you have been given - it is but ˹for˺ enjoyment of the worldly life. But what is with Allah is better and more lasting for those who have believed and upon their Lord rely  

So whatever you — ˹this is˺ an address is to believers and others — have been given, of the luxuries of this world, is ˹but˺ the enjoyment of the life of this world, enjoyed for the duration of it but then perishes. But what is with God, of reward, is better and more lasting for those who believe and put their trust in their Lord (li’lladhīna āmanū wa-‘alā rabbihim yatawakkalūna, is supplemented by ˹the following clause˺),
القرآن:٤٢:٣٦ –

فَمَا أُوتِيتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَمَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ  

{فما أوتيتم} خطاب للمؤمنين وغيرهم {من شيءٍ} من أثاث الدنيا {فمتاع الحياة الدنيا} يتمتع به فيها ثم يزول {وما عند الله} من الثواب {خير وأبقى للذين آمنوا وعلى ربهم يتوكلون} ويعطف عليه.
quran:42:37 –

And those who avoid the major sins and immoralities, and when they are angry, they forgive,  

and those who avoid grave sins and indecencies, those ˹acts˺ that require ˹the implementing of˺ the prescribed legal punishments (hudūd) (˹the supplement above is˺ an example of supplementing the part to the whole) and ˹who˺, when they are angry, forgive, they let it pass;
القرآن:٤٢:٣٧ –

وَالَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ  

{والذين يجتنبون كبائر الإثم والفواحش} موجبات الحدود من عطف البعض على الكل {وإذا ما غضبوا هم يغفرون} يتجاوزون.
quran:42:38 –

And those who have responded to their lord and established prayer and whose affair is ˹determined by˺ consultation among themselves, and from what We have provided them, they spend.  

and those who answer their Lord, ˹those who˺ respond to what He has summoned them in the way of affirming His Oneness and worship ˹of Him˺, and observe prayer, maintaining it regularly, and whose courses of action, those ˹courses of action˺ that seem good to them, are ˹a matter of˺ counsel between them, in which they consult one another and do not act hastily, and who, of what We have bestowed on them, expend, in obedience to God — such mentioned ˹individuals˺ constitute one category;
القرآن:٤٢:٣٨ –

وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَىٰ بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ  

{والذين استجابوا لربهم} أجابوه إلى ما دعاهم إليه عن التوحيد والعبادة {وأقاموا الصلاة} أداموها {وأمرهم} الذي يبدو لهم {شورى بينهم} يتشاورون فيه ولا يعجلون {ومما رزقناهم} أعطيناهم {ينفقون} في طاعة الله، ومن ذُكر صنف:
quran:42:39 –

And those who, when tyranny strikes them, they defend themselves,  

and those who, when they suffer aggression, injustice, defend themselves — these are another category — that is to say, they retaliate against those who wrong them in the same manner in which the latter wronged them, as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٤٢:٣٩ –

وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْبَغْيُ هُمْ يَنْتَصِرُونَ  

{والذين إذا أصابهم البغي} الظلم {هم ينتصرون} صنف، أي ينتقمون ممن ظلمهم بمثل ظلمه، كما قال تعالى:
quran:42:40 –

And the retribution for an evil act is an evil one like it, but whoever pardons and makes reconciliation - his reward is ˹due˺ from Allah. Indeed, He does not like wrongdoers.  

For the requital of an evil deed is an evil deed like it: the latter is ˹also˺ referred to as ‘an evil deed’ because in ˹outward˺ form it resembles the former; this is evident in what concerns retaliation for wounds. Some ˹scholars˺ say that even if another were to say, ‘May God disgrace you!’, then one should respond ˹equally˺ with, ‘May God disgrace you!’. But whoever pardons, his wrongdoer, and reconciles, the amity between himself and the one pardoned, his reward will be with God, that is to say, God will give him his reward without doubt. Truly He does not like wrongdoers, that is, those who initiate acts of wrongdoing and so merit His punishment.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٠ –

وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا ۖ فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{وجزاءُ سيئة سيئة مثلها} سميت الثانية سيئة لمشابهتها للأولى في الصورة، وهذا ظاهر فيما يقتص فيه من الجراحات، قال بعضهم: وإذا قال له أخزاك الله، فيجيبه أخزاك الله {فمن عفا} عن ظالمه {وأصلح} الود بينه وبين المعفو عنه {فأجره على الله} أي إن الله يأجره لا محالة {إنه لا يحب الظالمين} أي البادئين بالظلم فيترتب عليهم عقابه.
quran:42:41 –

And whoever avenges himself after having been wronged - those have not upon them any cause ˹for blame˺.  

And whoever defends himself after he has been wronged, that is to say, after the wrongdoer has wronged him — for such, there will be no course ˹of action˺ against them, no blame ˹on them˺.
القرآن:٤٢:٤١ –

وَلَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ  

{ولمن انتصر بعد ظلمه} أي ظلم الظالم إياه {فأولئك ما عليهم من سبيل} مؤاخذة.
quran:42:42 –

The cause is only against the ones who wrong the people and tyrannize upon the earth without right. Those will have a painful punishment.  

A course ˹of action˺ is only ˹open˺ against those who wrong people and seek ˹to commit˺, ˹who˺ commit, in the earth what is not right, ˹what are˺ acts of disobedience. For such there will be a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٢ –

إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{إنما السبيل على الذين يظلمون الناس ويبغون} يعملون {في الأرض بغير الحق} بالمعاصي {أولئك لهم عذاب أليم} مؤلم.
quran:42:43 –

And whoever is patient and forgives - indeed, that is of the matters ˹requiring˺ determination.  

But verily he who is patient, and defend himself ˹by retaliating˺, and forgives, excuses ˹the wrong done to him˺ — surely that, patience and excusing, is ˹true˺ constancy in ˹such˺ affairs, that is to say, it is one of those ˹courses of action˺ for which one must have firm resolve, meaning those which are required ˹of the believer˺ by ˹God’s˺ Law.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٣ –

وَلَمَنْ صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ  

{ولمن صبر} فلم ينتصر {وغفر} تجاوز {إن ذلك} الصبر والتجاوز {لمن عزم الأمور} أي معزوماتها، بمعنى المطلوبات شرعاً.
quran:42:44 –

And he whom Allah sends astray - for him there is no protector beyond Him. And you will see the wrongdoers, when they see the punishment, saying, "Is there for return ˹to the former world˺ any way?"  

And whomever God leads astray has no protector after Him, that is to say, none to take charge of guiding him after God has led him astray. And you will see the wrongdoers, when they sight the chastisement, saying, ‘Is there any way, any route ˹by which˺, to return?’, to this world.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٤ –

وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ۗ وَتَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ يَقُولُونَ هَلْ إِلَىٰ مَرَدٍّ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ  

{ومن يضلل الله فما له من ولي من بعده} أي أحد يلي هدايته بعد إضلال الله إياه {وترى الظالمين لما رأوا العذاب يقولون هل إلى مَرَدّ} إلى الدنيا {من سبيل} طريق.
quran:42:45 –

And you will see them being exposed to the Fire, humbled from humiliation, looking from ˹behind˺ a covert glance. And those who had believed will say, "Indeed, the ˹true˺ losers are the ones who lost themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection. Unquestionably, the wrongdoers are in an enduring punishment."  

And you will see them being exposed to it, namely, the Fire, submissive, fearful and humbled, by abasement, looking, at it, with a furtive glance, a slight look, stealthily (min ˹of min tarfin khafiyyin, ‘with a furtive glance’˺ is to indicate inceptiveness, or it functions with the sense of a bā’, ‘with’ ˹sc. bi-tarfin khafiyyin˺). And those who believe will say, ‘Verily the ˹true˺ losers are those who have lost themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection, for being condemned to abide forever in the Fire and for not being able to attain ˹the blissful company of˺ the houris prepared for them in Paradise had they been believers (the relative clause ˹alladhīna khasirū ..., ‘those who have lost …’˺ constitutes the predicate of the particle inna, ‘verily’). Truly the wrongdoers, the disbelievers, will be in lasting, everlasting, chastisement — these ˹words˺ constitute God’s speech, exalted be He.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٥ –

وَتَرَاهُمْ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا خَاشِعِينَ مِنَ الذُّلِّ يَنْظُرُونَ مِنْ طَرْفٍ خَفِيٍّ ۗ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ الْخَاسِرِينَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ فِي عَذَابٍ مُقِيمٍ  

{وتراهم يعرضون عليها} أي النار {خاشعين} خائفين متواضعين {من الذل ينظرون} إليها {من طرف خفيّ} ضعيف النظر مسارقه، ومن ابتدائية، أو بمعنى الباء {وقال الذين آمنوا إن الخاسرين الذين خسروا أنفسهم وأهليهم يوم القيامة} بتخليدهم في النار وعدم وصولهم إلى الحور المعدة لهم في الجنة لو آمنوا، والموصول خبر إن {ألا إن الظالمين} الكافرين {في عذاب مقيم} دائم هو من مفعول الله تعالى.
quran:42:46 –

And there will not be for them any allies to aid them other than Allah. And whoever Allah sends astray - for him there is no way.  

And they have no guardians to help them besides God, that is to say, other than Him, to ward off His chastisement from them, and whomever God leads astray has no course ˹of action˺’, no route to the truth in this world or to Paradise in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٦ –

وَمَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ يَنْصُرُونَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ  

{وما كان لهم من أولياء ينصرونهم من دون الله} أي غيره يدفع عذابه عنهم {ومن يضلل الله فما له من سبيل} طريق إلى الحق في الدنيا وإلى الجنة في الآخرة.
quran:42:47 –

Respond to your Lord before a Day comes from Allah of which there is no repelling. No refuge will you have that day, nor for you will there be any denial.  

Answer your Lord, respond to Him by affirming His Oneness and worshipping ˹Him˺, before there comes a day, namely, the Day of Resurrection, for which there is no revoking from God, in other words, one which when He brings about He will not revoke. On that day you will have no refuge, in which to seek refuge in, and for you there will be no ˹way of˺ denying, your sins.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٧ –

اسْتَجِيبُوا لِرَبِّكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ مَلْجَإٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ  

{استجيبوا لربكم} أجيبوه بالتوحيد والعبادة {من قبل أن يأتي يوم} هو يوم القيامة {لا مرد له من الله} أي أنه إذا أتى به لا يرده {ما لكم من ملجأ} تلجؤون إليه {يومئذ وما لكم من نكير} إنكار لذنوبكم.
quran:42:48 –

But if they turn away - then We have not sent you, ˹O Muhammad˺, over them as a guardian; upon you is only ˹the duty of˺ notification. And indeed, when We let man taste mercy from us, he rejoices in it; but if evil afflicts him for what his hands have put forth, then indeed, man is ungrateful.  

But if they are disregardful, of answering ˹God˺, We have not sent you as a keeper over them, to keep ˹track of˺ their deeds by securing what is demanded of them. Your duty is only to deliver the Message — this was ˹revealed˺ before the command to struggle ˹against them˺. And indeed when We let man taste from Us some mercy, some grace, such as wealth and good health, he exults in it; but if some ill, ˹some˺ calamity, befalls them (the pronoun here refers to ‘man’, on the basis of the ˹plural import of the˺ generic noun) because of what their ˹own˺ hands have sent ahead, ˹because of what˺ they have offered ˹of deeds˺ — the expression refers to ‘the hands’ because most actions are effected by them), then lo! man is ungrateful, for the grace.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٨ –

فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا ۖ إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ ۗ وَإِنَّا إِذَا أَذَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنَّا رَحْمَةً فَرِحَ بِهَا ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَإِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ كَفُورٌ  

{فإن أعرضوا} عن الإجابة {فما أرسلناك عليهم حفيظاً} تحفظ أعمالهم بأن توافق المطلوب منهم {إن} ما {عليك إلا البلاغ} وهذا قبل الأمر بالجهاد {وإنا إذا أذقنا الإنسان منا رحمة} نعمة كالغنى والصحة {فرح وإن تصبهم} الضمير فلإنسان باعتبار الجنس {سيئة} بلاء {بما قدمت أيديهم} أي قدموه وعبر بالأيدي لأن أكثر الأفعال تزاول بها {فإن الإنسان كفور} للنعمة.
quran:42:49 –

To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He creates what he wills. He gives to whom He wills female ˹children˺, and He gives to whom He wills males.  

To God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. He creates whatever He will; He gives to whomever He will, in the way of children, females, and He gives to whomever He will males.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٩ –

لِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ يَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَاثًا وَيَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ الذُّكُورَ  

{لله ملك السماوات والأرض يخلق ما يشاء يهب لمن يشاء} من الأولاد {إناثاً ويهب لمن يشاء الذكور}.
quran:42:50 –

Or He makes them ˹both˺ males and females, and He renders whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent.  

Or He combines them, that is to say, ˹or˺ He makes them, males and females; and He makes whomever He will infertile, such that she is unable to conceive or he cannot have a child. Surely He is Knower, of what He creates, Powerful, in ˹bringing about˺ whatever He will.
القرآن:٤٢:٥٠ –

أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْرَانًا وَإِنَاثًا ۖ وَيَجْعَلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ عَقِيمًا ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ  

{أو يزوجهم} أي يجعلهم {ذكراناً وإناثاً ويجعل من يشاء عقيماً} فلا يلد ولا يولد له {إنه عليم} بما يخلق {قدير} على ما يشاء.