42. Sūrat al-Shūrá

٤٢۔ سُورَةُ الشُّورَى

Qurʾān > Chapter 42 > Section 4
القرآن > كتاب ٤٢ > باب ٤

42.4 Whatever afflictions befall upon people are the result of their own misdeeds. True believers are those who establish prayers, give charity and defend themselves when oppressed.

٤٢۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ الشُّورَى

quran:42:30 –

And whatever strikes you of disaster - it is for what your hands have earned; but He pardons much.  

And whatever affliction, ˹whatever˺ misfortune or hardship, may befall you — ˹this is˺ an address to the believers — is on account of what your ˹own˺ hands have earned, that is to say, ˹for˺ the sins that you have committed — the use of ‘hands’ to express this is because most actions are effected by them. And He pardons much, of these ˹sins˺ and does not requite them, for God’s kindness is greater than that He should ˹for example˺ double the requital in the Hereafter; as for those who do not commit ˹grave˺ sins, then what befalls them in this world ˹of hardship˺ raises their degree in the ˹reward of the˺ Hereafter.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٠ –

وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ  

{وما أصابكم} خطاب للمؤمنين {من مصيبة} بلية وشدة {فبما كسبت أيديكم} أي كسبتم من الذنوب وعبر بالأيدي لأن أكثر الأفعال تزاول بها {ويعفو عن كثير} منها فلا يجازي عليه وهو تعالى أكرم من أن يثني الجزاء في الآخرة، وأما غير المذنبين فما يصيبهم في الدنيا لرفع درجاتهم في الآخرة.
quran:42:31 –

And you will not cause failure ˹to Allah˺ upon the earth. And you have not besides Allah any protector or helper.  

And you, O idolaters, cannot escape, from God, by fleeing, on earth, and thus elude Him, and, besides God, that is to say, other than Him, you have neither protector nor helper, to ward off His chastisement from you.
القرآن:٤٢:٣١ –

وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ  

{وما أنتم} يا مشركون {بمعجزين} الله هرباً {في الأرض} فتفوتوه {وما لكم من دون الله} أي غيره {من وليّ ولا نصير} يدفع عذابه عنكم.
quran:42:32 –

And of His signs are the ships in the sea, like mountains.  

And of His signs are the ships ˹that run˺ on the sea ˹appearing˺ like landmarks, like mountains, in terms of their magnitude.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٢ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ الْجَوَارِ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَالْأَعْلَامِ  

{ومن آياته الجوار} السفن {في البحر كالأعلام} كالجبال في العظم.
quran:42:33 –

If He willed, He could still the wind, and they would remain motionless on its surface. Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.  

If He will, He stills the wind, whereat they remain, they become, motionless, fixed, not moving, on its surface. Surely in that there are signs for every steadfast, grateful ˹servant˺ — this is the believer, who is steadfast during hardship and grateful in ˹times of˺ comfort.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٣ –

إِنْ يَشَأْ يُسْكِنِ الرِّيحَ فَيَظْلَلْنَ رَوَاكِدَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ  

{إن يشأ يسكن الريح فيظللن} يصرن {رواكد} ثوابت لا تجري {على ظهره إن في ذلك لآيات لكل صبَّار شكور} هو المؤمن يصبر في الشدة ويشكر في الرخاء.
quran:42:34 –

Or He could destroy them for what they earned; but He pardons much.  

Or He wrecks them (yūbiqhunna, a supplement to yuskin, ‘He stills’), that is to say, ˹or˺ He sinks them, including their passengers, by sending violent winds ˹upon them˺, because of what they, that is, the passengers of these ˹ships˺, have earned, of sins. And He pardons much, of such ˹sin˺ and does not cause those who have sinned to drown.
القرآن:٤٢:٣٤ –

أَوْ يُوبِقْهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُوا وَيَعْفُ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ  

أو يوبقهنَّ} عطف على يسكن أي يغرقهن بعصف الريح بأهلهن {بما كسبوا} أي أهلهن من الذنوب {ويعف عن كثير} منها فلا يغرق أهله.
quran:42:35 –

And ˹that is so˺ those who dispute concerning Our signs may know that for them there is no place of escape.  

And that those who dispute concerning Our signs may know (read ˹indicative˺ wa-ya‘lamu, ‘and ˹they˺ know’, beginning a new sentence; or ˹subjunctive˺ wa-ya‘lama, ‘and that ˹they˺ may know’, as a supplement to an implicit reason, in other words: ‘He drowns them in order to exact vengeance against them and so that they may know that …’) they have no refuge, no escape from the chastisement (the negation represents two direct objects of ˹the verb˺ ya‘lamu ˹or ya‘lama˺, ‘˹they˺ know’; the negation is also a comment on the ˹implied˺ action ˹of ‘escaping’˺).
القرآن:٤٢:٣٥ –

وَيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِنَا مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ  

{ويعلمُ} بالرفع مستأنف وبالنصب معطوف على تعليل مقدر، أي يغرقهم لينتقم منهم، ويعلم {الذين يجادلون في آياتنا ما لهم من محيص} مهرب من العذاب، وجملة النفي سدت مسد مفعولي يعلم، والنفي معلق عن العمل.
quran:42:36 –

So whatever thing you have been given - it is but ˹for˺ enjoyment of the worldly life. But what is with Allah is better and more lasting for those who have believed and upon their Lord rely  

So whatever you — ˹this is˺ an address is to believers and others — have been given, of the luxuries of this world, is ˹but˺ the enjoyment of the life of this world, enjoyed for the duration of it but then perishes. But what is with God, of reward, is better and more lasting for those who believe and put their trust in their Lord (li’lladhīna āmanū wa-‘alā rabbihim yatawakkalūna, is supplemented by ˹the following clause˺),
القرآن:٤٢:٣٦ –

فَمَا أُوتِيتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَمَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ  

{فما أوتيتم} خطاب للمؤمنين وغيرهم {من شيءٍ} من أثاث الدنيا {فمتاع الحياة الدنيا} يتمتع به فيها ثم يزول {وما عند الله} من الثواب {خير وأبقى للذين آمنوا وعلى ربهم يتوكلون} ويعطف عليه.
quran:42:37 –

And those who avoid the major sins and immoralities, and when they are angry, they forgive,  

and those who avoid grave sins and indecencies, those ˹acts˺ that require ˹the implementing of˺ the prescribed legal punishments (hudūd) (˹the supplement above is˺ an example of supplementing the part to the whole) and ˹who˺, when they are angry, forgive, they let it pass;
القرآن:٤٢:٣٧ –

وَالَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ  

{والذين يجتنبون كبائر الإثم والفواحش} موجبات الحدود من عطف البعض على الكل {وإذا ما غضبوا هم يغفرون} يتجاوزون.
quran:42:38 –

And those who have responded to their lord and established prayer and whose affair is ˹determined by˺ consultation among themselves, and from what We have provided them, they spend.  

and those who answer their Lord, ˹those who˺ respond to what He has summoned them in the way of affirming His Oneness and worship ˹of Him˺, and observe prayer, maintaining it regularly, and whose courses of action, those ˹courses of action˺ that seem good to them, are ˹a matter of˺ counsel between them, in which they consult one another and do not act hastily, and who, of what We have bestowed on them, expend, in obedience to God — such mentioned ˹individuals˺ constitute one category;
القرآن:٤٢:٣٨ –

وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَىٰ بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ  

{والذين استجابوا لربهم} أجابوه إلى ما دعاهم إليه عن التوحيد والعبادة {وأقاموا الصلاة} أداموها {وأمرهم} الذي يبدو لهم {شورى بينهم} يتشاورون فيه ولا يعجلون {ومما رزقناهم} أعطيناهم {ينفقون} في طاعة الله، ومن ذُكر صنف:
quran:42:39 –

And those who, when tyranny strikes them, they defend themselves,  

and those who, when they suffer aggression, injustice, defend themselves — these are another category — that is to say, they retaliate against those who wrong them in the same manner in which the latter wronged them, as God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٤٢:٣٩ –

وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْبَغْيُ هُمْ يَنْتَصِرُونَ  

{والذين إذا أصابهم البغي} الظلم {هم ينتصرون} صنف، أي ينتقمون ممن ظلمهم بمثل ظلمه، كما قال تعالى:
quran:42:40 –

And the retribution for an evil act is an evil one like it, but whoever pardons and makes reconciliation - his reward is ˹due˺ from Allah. Indeed, He does not like wrongdoers.  

For the requital of an evil deed is an evil deed like it: the latter is ˹also˺ referred to as ‘an evil deed’ because in ˹outward˺ form it resembles the former; this is evident in what concerns retaliation for wounds. Some ˹scholars˺ say that even if another were to say, ‘May God disgrace you!’, then one should respond ˹equally˺ with, ‘May God disgrace you!’. But whoever pardons, his wrongdoer, and reconciles, the amity between himself and the one pardoned, his reward will be with God, that is to say, God will give him his reward without doubt. Truly He does not like wrongdoers, that is, those who initiate acts of wrongdoing and so merit His punishment.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٠ –

وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا ۖ فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{وجزاءُ سيئة سيئة مثلها} سميت الثانية سيئة لمشابهتها للأولى في الصورة، وهذا ظاهر فيما يقتص فيه من الجراحات، قال بعضهم: وإذا قال له أخزاك الله، فيجيبه أخزاك الله {فمن عفا} عن ظالمه {وأصلح} الود بينه وبين المعفو عنه {فأجره على الله} أي إن الله يأجره لا محالة {إنه لا يحب الظالمين} أي البادئين بالظلم فيترتب عليهم عقابه.
quran:42:41 –

And whoever avenges himself after having been wronged - those have not upon them any cause ˹for blame˺.  

And whoever defends himself after he has been wronged, that is to say, after the wrongdoer has wronged him — for such, there will be no course ˹of action˺ against them, no blame ˹on them˺.
القرآن:٤٢:٤١ –

وَلَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ  

{ولمن انتصر بعد ظلمه} أي ظلم الظالم إياه {فأولئك ما عليهم من سبيل} مؤاخذة.
quran:42:42 –

The cause is only against the ones who wrong the people and tyrannize upon the earth without right. Those will have a painful punishment.  

A course ˹of action˺ is only ˹open˺ against those who wrong people and seek ˹to commit˺, ˹who˺ commit, in the earth what is not right, ˹what are˺ acts of disobedience. For such there will be a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٢ –

إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{إنما السبيل على الذين يظلمون الناس ويبغون} يعملون {في الأرض بغير الحق} بالمعاصي {أولئك لهم عذاب أليم} مؤلم.
quran:42:43 –

And whoever is patient and forgives - indeed, that is of the matters ˹requiring˺ determination.  

But verily he who is patient, and defend himself ˹by retaliating˺, and forgives, excuses ˹the wrong done to him˺ — surely that, patience and excusing, is ˹true˺ constancy in ˹such˺ affairs, that is to say, it is one of those ˹courses of action˺ for which one must have firm resolve, meaning those which are required ˹of the believer˺ by ˹God’s˺ Law.
القرآن:٤٢:٤٣ –

وَلَمَنْ صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ  

{ولمن صبر} فلم ينتصر {وغفر} تجاوز {إن ذلك} الصبر والتجاوز {لمن عزم الأمور} أي معزوماتها، بمعنى المطلوبات شرعاً.