3. Sūrat Āli ʿImrān

٣۔ سُورَةُ آل عِمرَان

3.41 Muhammad (pbuh) is no more than a Messenger of God.

٣۔٤١ مقطع في سُورَةُ آل عِمرَان

quran:3:144

Muhammad is not but a messenger. ˹Other˺ messengers have passed on before him. So if he was to die or be killed, would you turn back on your heels ˹to unbelief˺? And he who turns back on his heels will never harm Allah at all; but Allah will reward the grateful.  

With regard to their being routed, when it was rumoured that the Prophet had been killed and the hypocrites had said to the believers, ‘If he has been killed, go back to your ˹previous˺ religion’, the following was revealed: Muhammad is only a messenger; messengers have passed away before him. Why, if he should die or is slain, like others, will you turn back on your heels, will you return to unbelief (the last statement is the locus of the interrogative of denial, in other words, ‘he was not a worshipped being, so that ˹if he were to die˺ you should turn back ˹to your previous religion˺’). If any man should turn back on his heels, he will not harm God in any way, but will be harming himself, and God will requite those that are thankful, for His graces by staying firm.
القرآن:٣:١٤٤

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ ۚ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَىٰ أَعْقَابِكُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا ۗ وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ  

{وما محمد إلا رسول قد خلت من قبله الرسل أفإن مات أو قُتل} كغيره {انقلبتم على أعقابكم} رجعتم إلى الكفر والجملة الأخيرة محل الاستفهام الإنكاري أي ما كان معبودا فترجعوا {ومن ينقلب على عقبيه فلن يضرَّ اللهَ شيئا} وإنما يضر نفسه {وسيجزى الله الشاكرين} نعمه بالثبات.
quran:3:145

And it is not ˹possible˺ for one to die except by permission of Allah at a decree determined. And whoever desires the reward of this world - We will give him thereof; and whoever desires the reward of the Hereafter - We will give him thereof. And we will reward the grateful.  

It is not for any soul to die, save by the leave of God, by His decree, a prescribed (kitāban, here a verbal noun, that is, God has prescribed this) term, that is to say, ˹a term fixed˺ in time, neither brought forward nor deferred, so why did you retreat ˹in defeat˺? Defeat does not ward off death, nor does standing one’s ground sever life. And whoever desires, by his deeds, the reward of this world, that is, his requital in it, We will give him of it, what has been alloted to him, but he shall have no share in the Hereafter; and whoever desires the reward of the Hereafter, We will give him of it, that is, of its reward; and We will requite the thankful.
القرآن:٣:١٤٥

وَمَا كَانَ لِنَفْسٍ أَنْ تَمُوتَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ كِتَابًا مُؤَجَّلًا ۗ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ الدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَنْ يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ الْآخِرَةِ نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا ۚ وَسَنَجْزِي الشَّاكِرِينَ  

{وما كان لنفس أن تموت إلا بإذن الله} بقضائه {كتابا} مصدر أي: كتب الله ذلك {مؤجَّلا} مؤقتا لا يتقدم ولا يتأخر فلم انهزمتم والهزيمة لا تدفع الموت والثبات لا يقطع الحياة {ومن يُرد} بعمله {ثواب الدنيا} أي جزاءه منها {نؤته منها} ما قسم له ولا حظَّ له في الآخرة {ومن يرد ثواب الآخرة نؤته منها} أي من ثوابها {وسنجري الشاكرين}.