21. Book of Inheritance (5/7)
٢١۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ ص ٥
[Machine] "A man died and left behind his maternal aunt and paternal aunt, so he gave half of the share to the maternal aunt and half of the share to the paternal aunt."
«أَنَّ رَجُلًا هَلَكَ وَتَرَكَ عَمَّتَهُ وَخَالَتَهُ فَأَعْطَى عُمَرُ الْعَمَّةَ نَصِيبَ الْأَخِ وَأَعْطَى الْخَالَةَ نَصِيبَ الْأُخْتِ»
[Machine] "Whoever shows mercy, shall be shown mercy by the same mercy with which they show it."
«مَنْ أَدْلَى بِرَحِمٍ أُعْطِيَ بِرَحِمِهِ الَّتِي يُدْلِي بِهَا»
[Machine] Regarding Al-Sha'bi's opinion on a man who abandoned his aunt and cousin, he said, "The wealth belongs to the cousin's daughter."
عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ عَمَّتَهُ وَابْنَةَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ «الْمَالُ لِابْنَةِ أَخِيهِ»
"The murderer will not inherit." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2109)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «الْخَالُ وَارِثٌ»
أَنْ يُوَرِّثَا خَالًا»
«الْمَالُ لِابْنَةِ الْأَخِ»
«لِلْعَمَّةِ»
«أَعْطِي الْمَالَ لِابْنَةِ الْأَخِ»
[Machine] Regarding a stolen property in a man who died and has no heir except for his brother's daughter and his uncle, he said, "The uncle is entitled to his sister's share, and the daughter of the brother is entitled to her father's share."
عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ إِلَّا ابْنَةُ أَخِيهِ وَخَالُهُ قَالَ «لِلْخَالِ نَصِيبُ أُخْتِهِ وَلِابْنَةِ الْأَخِ نَصِيبُ أَبِيهَا»
[Machine] He used to treat his aunt as a mother when she wasn't a mother, and his uncle as a father when he wasn't a father.
«كَانَ مَسْرُوقٌ يُنَزِّلُ الْعَمَّةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَبِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَبٌ وَالْخَالَةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأُمِّ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ أُمٌّ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Aasim ibn Adi, "Do you know if you have any lineage among you?" He replied, "I don't know, O Messenger of Allah." So, the Prophet ﷺ called his nephew and gave him his inheritance.
رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ «هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ لَهُ فِيكُمْ نَسَبًا؟» قَالَ مَا نَعْرِفُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَدَعَا ابْنَ أُخْتِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ مِيرَاثَهُ
«أَنَّهُ أَعْطَى خَالًا الْمَالَ»
[Machine] About a woman or man who died and left behind a paternal aunt and paternal aunt, they said he has no heir or relative other than them, so they said, "Abdullah ibn Mas'ud used to treat the paternal aunt like his own mother and treat the paternal aunt like his own sister."
عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ خَالَةً وَعَمَّةً قال لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ وَلَا رَحِمٌ غَيْرُهُمَا فَقَالَ «كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يُنَزِّلُ الْخَالَةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُمِّهِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْعَمَّةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَخِيهَا»
21.39 [Machine] In claiming and denying
٢١۔٣٩ بَابُ: فِي الِادِّعَاءِ وَالْإِنْكَارِ
[Machine] About al-Hasan, regarding a man who admitted to owing a thousand dirhams to one person and another person provided evidence of a thousand dirhams, and the deceased left behind a thousand dirhams. He said, "The money should be divided equally between the two, unless the deceased was bankrupt, then his claim cannot be accepted."
عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي رَجُلٍ اعْتَرَفَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ لِرَجُلٍ وَأَقَامَ آخَرُ بَيِّنَةً بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَتَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ «الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُفْلِسًا فَلَا يَجُوزُ إِقْرَارُهُ»
[Machine] I said to a partner, "How did you mention in the two brothers that one of them claims to be a brother?" He said, "He enters into his share." I asked, "Who mentioned it?" He said, "Jabir reported from Aamir from Ali."
قُلْتُ لِشَرِيكٍ كَيْفَ ذَكَرْتَ فِي الْأَخَوَيْنِ يَدَّعِي أَحَدُهُمَا أَخًا؟ قَالَ «يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي نَصِيبِهِ» قُلْتُ مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ؟ قَالَ جَابِرٌ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ
[Machine] Concerning Ibrahim and his brothers, some of them claim brotherhood while others deny it. He said, "He will enter with them in the position of a slave who has a share among brothers, so one of them will free his portion." He said, and 'Amir, the judge, and their companions say, "He will not enter except in the share that he acknowledged."
عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْإِخْوَةِ يَدَّعِي بَعْضُهُمُ الْأَخَ وَيُنْكِرُ الْآخَرُونَ قَالَ «يَدْخُلُ مَعَهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ عَبْدٍ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ فَيَعْتِقَ أَحَدُهُمْ نَصِيبَهُ» قَالَ وَكَانَ عَامِرٌ وَالْحَكَمُ وَأَصْحَابُهُمَا يَقُولُونَ «لَا يَدْخُلُ إِلَّا فِي نَصِيبِ الَّذِي اعْتَرَفَ بِهِ»
[Machine] If they are brothers, does one of them claim brotherhood while the other denies it? Ibn Abi Layla said: "It is divided into six parts: three for the one who does not claim, two for the claimant, and one for the one being claimed."
إِذَا كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ فَادَّعَى أَحَدُهُمَا أَخًا وَأَنْكَرَهُ الْآخَرُ؟ قَالَ كَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى يَقُولُ هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ لِلَّذِي لَمْ يَدَّعِ ثَلَاثَةٌ وَلِلْمُدَّعِي سَهْمَانِ وَلِلْمُدَّعَى سَهْمٌ
[Machine] About Hammad concerning a man who has three sons. Hammad said: "two-thirds of the property should go to the youngest son." The middle son said: "I agree." And the eldest son said: "I do not agree." Hammad said: "She comes from nine (shares), so he (the youngest son) gets his share and the share of the one who agreed." And Hammad said: "The arrow is returned to all of them." And 'Amir said: "The one who returned it only returned it to himself."
عَنْ حَمَّادٍ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ بَنِينَ فَقَالَ ثُلُثِي لِأَصْغَرِ بَنِيَّ فَقَالَ الْأَوْسَطُ أَنَا أُجِيزُ وَقَالَ الْأَكْبَرُ أَنَا لَا أُجِيزُ قَالَ «هِيَ مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ يُخْرِجُ ثُلُثَهُ فَلَهُ سَهْمُهُ وَسَهْمُ الَّذِي أَجَازَ» وَقَالَ حَمَّادٌ «يَرُدُّ السَّهْمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا» وَقَالَ عَامِرٌ «الَّذِي رَدَّ إِنَّمَا رَدَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ»
أَنَّهُ أَخُوهُ»
[Machine] About Al-Harith al-Ukli, regarding a man who confessed upon his death to having a thousand dirhams as investment and a thousand dirhams as debt, and he did not leave behind anything except a thousand dirhams. He said, "Begin with the debt, for if there is any remaining, it will be an increase for the owner of the investment."
عَنْ الْحَارِثِ الْعُكْلِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ مُضَارَبَةً وَأَلْفٍ دَيْنًا وَلَمْ يَدَعْ إِلَّا أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ «يُبْدَأُ بِالدَّيْنِ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ لِصَاحِبِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ»
[Machine] About Al-Shaabi (a famous poet) regarding a man who died leaving behind three hundred dirhams and three sons, a man came claiming one hundred dirhams from the deceased. One of the sons confirmed his claim and said the amount should be paid to him from their portion. Then Al-Shaabi said, "I do not see that an inheritance can be distributed until the debt is settled."
عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ثَلَاثَ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ بَنِينَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فَأَقَرَّ لَهُ أَحَدُهُمْ قَالَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْحِصَّةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ «مَا أُرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مِيرَاثًا حَتَّى يُقْضَى الدَّيْنُ»
[Machine] About Al-Hasan, there was a man who died leaving behind two sons and two thousand dirhams. The two sons divided the two thousand dirhams equally between themselves. Then, one of the sons disappeared. A man came and claimed a thousand dirhams from the deceased. He said to take all that is in the witness's hand and he was told to follow his absent brother and take half of what is in his hand.
عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي رَجُلٍ هَلَكَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَيْنِ وَتَرَكَ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ فَاقْتَسَمَا الْأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ وَغَابَ أَحَدُ الِابْنَيْنِ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَاسْتَحَقَّ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ يَأْخُذُ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي يَدِ الشَّاهِدِ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ اتَّبِعْ أَخَاكَ الْغَائِبَ فَخُذْ نِصْفَ مَا فِي يَدِهِ
[Machine] "If some of the heirs acknowledge a debt, they are responsible for their share."
«إِذَا أَقَرَّ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ بِدَيْنٍ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ بِحِصَّتِهِ»
[Machine] "If two of the heirs bear witness to a debt, it is considered a part of the total wealth if they are competent." And Al-Sha'bi said, "They should take their share."
«إِذَا شَهِدَ اثْنَانِ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ بِدَيْنٍ فَهُوَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ إِذَا كَانُوا عُدُولًا» وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ «عَلَيْهِمَا فِي نَصِيبِهِمَا»
21.40 [Machine] In the inheritance of the apostate
٢١۔٤٠ بَابُ: فِي مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ
[Machine] Ibn Mas'ud used to inherit the belongings of those who apostatized if they were killed.
«كَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يُوَرِّثُ أَهْلَ الْمُرْتَدِّ إِذَا قُتِلَ»
[Machine] Ali ibn Abi Talib decreed that the inheritance of someone who apostatizes shall be given to his Muslim heirs.
أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ «جَعَلَ مِيرَاثَ الْمُرْتَدِّ لِوَرَثَتِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»
[Machine] Ali decided in favor of the apostate's family in their inheritance from the Muslims.
«أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَضَى فِي مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ لِأَهْلِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»
21.41 [Machine] In English: The Legacy of the Assassin
٢١۔٤١ بَابُ: مِيرَاثِ الْقَاتِلِ
[Machine] "If a man intentionally kills his brother, he does not inherit from his brother's inheritance nor from his brother's blood money. However, if he kills his brother accidentally, he inherits from his brother's inheritance and does not inherit from his brother's blood money." He said, "And Ata used to say that."
«إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ عَمْدًا لَمْ يُوَرَّثْ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ وَلَا مِنْ دِيَتِهِ فَإِذَا قَتَلَهُ خَطَأً وُرِّثَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ وَلَمْ يُوَرَّثْ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ» قَالَ وَكَانَ عَطَاءٌ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ
[Machine] A man threw a stone at his mother and killed her. He then sought his inheritance from his brothers, but they told him, "You have no share in the inheritance." They went to Ali and he imposed on him the blood money and excluded him from the inheritance.
رَمَى رَجُلٌ أُمَّهُ بِحَجَرٍ فَقَتَلَهَا فَطَلَبَ مِيرَاثَهُ مِنْ إِخْوَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِخْوَتُهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَكَ فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ
[Machine] "It is prohibited for him to inherit from his mind and others."
أَنَّهُ يُمْنَعُ مِيرَاثَهُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ وَغَيْرِهِ»
«لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ مِنَ الْمَقْتُولِ شَيْئًا»
[Machine] About Qatadah, regarding a man who accused his wife of adultery and brought witnesses, hence she was stoned to death. Qatadah said, "He inherits her."
عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَجَاءَ بِشُهُودٍ فَرُجِمَتْ؟ قَالَ «يَرِثُهَا»
[Machine] About Hammad, concerning a man who was whipped with the prescribed punishment, I see him dead. Did Abu Nu'man doubt it? He said, "They inherited each other."
عَنْ حَمَّادٍ فِي رَجُلٍ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ أَرَاهُ مَاتَ شَكَّ أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ ؟ قَالَ «يَتَوَارَثَانِ»
«الْقَاتِلُ لَا يَرِثُ وَلَا يَحْجُبُ»
«لَا يُوَرَّثُ الْقَاتِلُ»
[Machine] "Age does not inherit a killer, whether intentional or accidental."
عُمَرُ «لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ خَطَأً وَلَا عَمْدًا»
«لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ»
21.42 [Machine] The obligations of the Magi-
٢١۔٤٢ بَابُ: فَرَائِضِ الْمَجُوسِ
[Machine] "If two genealogies merge, the inheritance goes to the older one," meaning the Magi.
«إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ نَسَبَانِ وُرِّثَ بِأَكْبَرِهِمَا» يَعْنِي الْمَجُوسَ
[Machine] "He inherits from the side that is eligible, and doesn't inherit from the side that is not eligible."
«يَرِثُ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الَّذِي يَصْلُحُ وَلَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الَّذِي لَا يَصْلُحُ»
[Machine] Ali and Ibn Mas'ood said about the Magians, "When they convert to Islam, they will inherit from both sides of their family."
أَنَّ عَلِيًّا وَابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَا فِي الْمَجُوسِ «إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا يَرِثُونَ مِنَ الْقَرَابَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا»
21.43 [Machine] In the Inheritance of the Prisoner
٢١۔٤٣ بَابٌ: فِي مِيرَاثِ الْأَسِيرِ
«أَنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ وَيَرِثُهَا»
[Machine] "He is allowed to make his will as long as he remains within his religion and does not change his religion."
«أُجِيزُ لَهُ وَصِيَّتَهُ مَا دَامَ عَلَى دِينِهِ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ عَنْ دِينِهِ»
[Machine] "The prisoner is inherited when he is in the hands of the enemy."
«يُوَرَّثُ الْأَسِيرُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِي الْعَدُوِّ»
سَمِعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَقُولُ «يُوَرَّثُ الْأَسِيرُ»
«أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُوَرِّثُ الْأَسِيرَ»
21.44 [Machine] In the heritage of al-Hameel
٢١۔٤٤ بَابُ: فِي مِيرَاثِ الْحَمِيلِ
[Machine] That the pregnant woman should not be inherited except with clear evidence, and if it comes in her defect, then it is invalid.
أَنْ لَا يُوَرِّثَ الْحَمِيلَ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ فِي خِرَقِهَا»
«وَرِّثِ الْحَمِيلَ»
[Machine] Regarding the statement of Damrah, Al-Fudayl bin Fadalah, Ibn Abi Awf, Rashed, and Atiyah, they said, "Mules cannot inherit."
عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ وَالْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ وَابْنِ أَبِي عَوْفٍ وَرَاشِدٍ وَعَطِيَّةَ قَالُوا «لَا يُوَرَّثُ الْحُمَلَاءُ»
[Machine] It was mentioned to him that someone said regarding Al-Hamīl, so he disapproved of that and said, "The Muhajirun and the Ansar have inherited their lineage from the pre-Islamic era."
ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ قَوْلُ مَنْ يَقُولُ فِي الْحَمِيلِ فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ «قَدْ تَوَارَثَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ بِنَسَبِهِمُ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ»
[Machine] About Al-Hasan and Ibn Seerin, they said, "The pregnant woman is not inherited except with clear evidence."
عَنْ الْحَسَنِ وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَا «لَا يُوَرَّثُ الْحَمِيلُ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ»