(the wife of the Prophet) Messenger of Allah ﷺ died while Abu Bakr was at a place called As-Sunah (Al-'Aliya) 'Umar stood up and said, "By Allah! Messenger of Allah ﷺ is not dead!" 'Umar (later on) said, "By Allah! Nothing occurred to my mind except that." He said, "Verily! Allah will resurrect him and he will cut the hands and legs of some men." Then Abu Bakr came and uncovered the face of Messenger of Allah ﷺ, kissed him and said, "Let my mother and father be sacrificed for you, (O Messenger of Allah ﷺ), you are good in life and in death. By Allah in Whose Hands my life is, Allah will never make you taste death twice." Then he went out and said, "O oath-taker! Don't be hasty." When Abu Bakr spoke, 'Umar sat down. Abu Bakr praised and glorified Allah and said, No doubt! Whoever worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die." Then he recited Allah's Statement.:-- "(O Muhammad) Verily you will die, and they also will die." (39.30) He also recited:-- "Muhammad is no more than an Apostle; and indeed many Apostles have passed away, before him, If he dies Or is killed, will you then Turn back on your heels? And he who turns back On his heels, not the least Harm will he do to Allah And Allah will give reward to those Who are grateful." (3.144) The people wept loudly, and the Ansar were assembled with Sad bin 'Ubada in the shed of Bani Saida. They said (to the emigrants). "There should be one 'Amir from us and one from you." Then Abu Bakr, Umar bin Al-Khattab and Abu 'baida bin Al-Jarrah went to them. 'Umar wanted to speak but Abu Bakr stopped him. 'Umar later on used to say, "By Allah, I intended only to say something that appealed to me and I was afraid that Abu Bakr would not speak so well. Then Abu Bakr spoke and his speech was very eloquent. He said in his statement, "We are the rulers and you (Ansars) are the ministers (i.e. advisers)," Hubab bin Al-Mundhir said, "No, by Allah we won't accept this. But there must be a ruler from us and a ruler from you." Abu Bakr said, "No, we will be the rulers and you will be the ministers, for they (i.e. Quarish) are the best family amongst the 'Arabs and of best origin. So you should elect either 'Umar or Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah as your ruler." 'Umar said (to Abu Bakr), "No but we elect you, for you are our chief and the best amongst us and the most beloved of all of us to Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So 'Umar took Abu Bakr's hand and gave the pledge of allegiance and the people too gave the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr. Someone said, "You have killed Sad bin Ubada." 'Umar said, "Allah has killed him."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاتَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالسُّنْحِ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَعْنِي بِالْعَالِيَةِ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ يَقَعُ فِي نَفْسِي إِلاَّ ذَاكَ وَلَيَبْعَثَنَّهُ اللَّهُ فَلَيَقْطَعَنَّ أَيْدِيَ رِجَالٍ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَّلَهُ قَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي طِبْتَ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يُذِيقُكَ اللَّهُ الْمَوْتَتَيْنِ أَبَدًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا الْحَالِفُ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ جَلَسَ عُمَرُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ أَلاَ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَىٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ وَقَالَ {إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ} وَقَالَ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ} قَالَ فَنَشَجَ النَّاسُ يَبْكُونَ قَالَ وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الأَنْصَارُ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالُوا مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ فَذَهَبَ عُمَرُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَأَسْكَتَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ بِذَلِكَ إِلاَّ أَنِّي قَدْ هَيَّأْتُ كَلاَمًا قَدْ أَعْجَبَنِي خَشِيتُ أَنْ لاَ يَبْلُغَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبْلَغَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ فِي كَلاَمِهِ نَحْنُ الأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ فَقَالَ حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ لاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ نَفْعَلُ مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ وَلَكِنَّا الأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ هُمْ أَوْسَطُ الْعَرَبِ دَارًا وَأَعْرَبُهُمْ أَحْسَابًا فَبَايِعُوا عُمَرَ أَوْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بَلْ نُبَايِعُكَ أَنْتَ فَأَنْتَ سَيِّدُنَا وَخَيْرُنَا وَأَحَبُّنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ بِيَدِهِ فَبَايَعَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ قَتَلَهُ اللَّهُ

Abu Bakr came riding his horse from his dwelling place in As-Sunh. He got down from it, entered the Mosque and did not speak with anybody till he came to me and went direct to the Prophet, who was covered with a marked blanket. Abu Bakr uncovered his face. He knelt down and kissed him and then started weeping and said, "My father and my mother be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Prophet! Allah will not combine two deaths on you. You have died the death which was written for you." Narrated Abu Salama from Ibn ʿAbbas : Abu Bakr came out and ʿUmar , was addressing the people, and Abu Bakr told him to sit down but ʿUmar refused. Abu Bakr again told him to sit down but ʿUmar again refused. Then Abu Bakr recited the Tashah-hud (i.e. none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Messenger of Allah ﷺ) and the people attended to Abu Bakr and left ʿUmar. Abu Bakr said, "Amma ba'du, whoever amongst you worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, Allah is alive and will never die. Allah said: 'Muhammad is no more than an Apostle and indeed (many) Apostles have passed away before him ..(up to the) grateful.' " (3.144) (The narrator added, "By Allah, it was as if the people never knew that Allah had revealed this verse before till Abu Bakr recited it and then whoever heard it, started reciting it.")

أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ؓ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ قَالَتْ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ مِنْ مَسْكَنِهِ بِالسُّنْحِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمِ النَّاسَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ؓ فَتَيَمَّمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُسَجًّى بِبُرْدِ حِبَرَةٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ أَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبَّلَهُ ثُمَّ بَكَى فَقَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ لاَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَوْتَتَيْنِ أَمَّا الْمَوْتَةُ الَّتِي كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدْ مُتَّهَا قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ فَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ خَرَجَ وَعُمَرُ ؓ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ فَأَبَى فَتَشَهَّدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَمَالَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ وَتَرَكُوا عُمَرَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَىٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ} إِلَى {الشَّاكِرِينَ} وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ الآيَةَ حَتَّى تَلاَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَتَلَقَّاهَا مِنْهُ النَّاسُ فَمَا يُسْمَعُ بَشَرٌ إِلاَّ يَتْلُوهَا

Abu Bakr came from his house at As-Sunh on a horse. He dismounted and entered the Mosque, but did not speak to the people till he entered upon ʿAisha and went straight to Messenger of Allah ﷺ who was covered with Hibra cloth (i.e. a kind of Yemenite cloth). He then uncovered the Prophet's face and bowed over him and kissed him and wept, saying, "Let my father and mother be sacrificed for you. By Allah, Allah will never cause you to die twice. As for the death which was written for you, has come upon you." Narrated Ibn ʿAbbas: Abu Bakr went out while ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab was talking to the people. Abu Bakr said, "Sit down, O ʿUmar!" But ʿUmar refused to sit down. So the people came to Abu Bakr and left ʿUmar. Abu Bakr said, "To proceed, if anyone amongst you used to worship Muhammad , then Muhammad is dead, but if (anyone of) you used to worship Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die. Allah said:--"Muhammad is no more than an Apostle, and indeed (many) apostles have passed away before him..(till the end of the Verse )......Allah will reward to those who are thankful." (3.144) By Allah, it was as if the people never knew that Allah had revealed this Verse before till Abu Bakr recited it and all the people received it from him, and I heard everybody reciting it (then). Narrated Az-Zuhri: Saʿid bin Al-Musaiyab told me that ʿUmar said, "By Allah, when I heard Abu Bakr reciting it, my legs could not support me and I fell down at the very moment of hearing him reciting it, declaring that the Prophet ﷺ had died."

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ مِنْ مَسْكَنِهِ بِالسُّنْحِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمِ النَّاسَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَتَيَمَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهْوَ مُغَشًّى بِثَوْبِ حِبَرَةٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ أَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبَّلَهُ وَبَكَى ثُمَّ قَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي وَاللَّهِ لاَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَوْتَتَيْنِ أَمَّا الْمَوْتَةُ الَّتِي كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدْ مُتَّهَا قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَرَجَ وَعُمَرُ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ يَا عُمَرُ فَأَبَى عُمَرُ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فَأَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ وَتَرَكُوا عُمَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَمَّا بَعْدُ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَىٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ قَالَ اللَّهُ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {الشَّاكِرِينَ} وَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ حَتَّى تَلاَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَلَقَّاهَا مِنْهُ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ فَمَا أَسْمَعُ بَشَرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلاَّ يَتْلُوهَا فَأَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَلاَهَا فَعَقِرْتُ حَتَّى مَا تُقِلُّنِي رِجْلاَىَ وَحَتَّى أَهْوَيْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ حِينَ سَمِعْتُهُ تَلاَهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ

Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me, Az-Zubair bin Al-Awwam and Abu Marthad Al-Ghanawi, and all of us were horsemen, and he said, "Proceed till you reach Rawdat Khakh, where there is a woman from the pagans carrying a letter sent by Hatib bin Abi Balta'a to the pagans (of Mecca)." So we overtook her while she was proceeding on her camel at the same place as Messenger of Allah ﷺ told us. We said (to her) "Where is the letter which is with you?" She said, "I have no letter with me." So we made her camel kneel down and searched her mount (baggage etc) but could not find anything. My two companions said, "We do not see any letter." I said, "I know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not tell a lie. By Allah, if you (the lady) do not bring out the letter, I will strip you of your clothes' When she noticed that I was serious, she put her hand into the knot of her waist sheet, for she was tying a sheet round herself, and brought out the letter. So we proceeded to Messenger of Allah ﷺ with the letter. The Prophet ﷺ said (to Habib), "What made you o what you have done, O Hatib?" Hatib replied, "I have done nothing except that I believe in Allah and His Apostle, and I have not changed or altered (my religion). But I wanted to do the favor to the people (pagans of Mecca) through which Allah might protect my family and my property, as there is none among your companions but has someone in Mecca through whom Allah protects his property (against harm). The Prophet ﷺ said, "Habib has told you the truth, so do not say to him (anything) but good." ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab said, "Verily he has betrayed Allah, His Apostle, and the believers! Allow me to chop his neck off!" The Prophet ﷺ said, "O ʿUmar! What do you know; perhaps Allah looked upon the Badr warriors and said, 'Do whatever you like, for I have ordained that you will be in Paradise.'" On that ʿUmar wept and said, "Allah and His Apostle know best."

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ وَأَبَا مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيَّ وَكُلُّنَا فَارِسٌ فَقَالَ انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ بِهَا امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَعَهَا صَحِيفَةٌ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ فَأَدْرَكْنَاهَا تَسِيرُ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهَا حَيْثُ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ قُلْنَا أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي مَعَكِ قَالَتْ مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ فَأَنَخْنَا بِهَا فَابْتَغَيْنَا فِي رَحْلِهَا فَمَا وَجَدْنَا شَيْئًا قَالَ صَاحِبَاىَ مَا نَرَى كِتَابًا قَالَ قُلْتُ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَا كَذَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالَّذِي يُحْلَفُ بِهِ لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لأُجَرِّدَنَّكِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الْجِدَّ مِنِّي أَهْوَتْ بِيَدِهَا إِلَى حُجْزَتِهَا وَهْىَ مُحْتَجِزَةٌ بِكِسَاءٍ فَأَخْرَجَتِ الْكِتَابَ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا حَمَلَكَ يَا حَاطِبُ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ قَالَ مَا بِي إِلاَّ أَنْ أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَا غَيَّرْتُ وَلاَ بَدَّلْتُ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِي عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدٌ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ هُنَاكَ إِلاَّ وَلَهُ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ قَالَ صَدَقَ فَلاَ تَقُولُوا لَهُ إِلاَّ خَيْرًا قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَدَعْنِي فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ قَالَ فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَا عُمَرَ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ

“When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, Abu Bakr was with his wife, the daughter of Kharijah, in villages surrounding Al-Madinah. They started to say: ‘The Prophet ﷺ has not died, rather he has been overcome with what used to overcome him at the time of Revelation.’ Then Abu Bakr came and uncovered his (the Prophet’s ﷺ) face, kissed him between the eyes and said: ‘You are too noble before Allah for Him to cause you to die twice. By Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has indeed died.’ ‘Umar was in a corner of the mosque saying: ‘By Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has not died and he will never die until the hands and feet of most of the hypocrites are cut off.’ Then Abu Bakr stood up, ascended the pulpit and said: ‘Whoever used to worship Allah, Allah is alive and will never die. Whoever used to worship Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. “Muhammad is no more than a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you then turn back on your heels (as disbelievers)? And he who turns back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah; and Allah will give reward to those who are grateful.’” [3:144] ‘Umar said: ‘It was as if I had never read (that Verse) before that day.’”

لَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ عِنْدَ امْرَأَتِهِ ابْنَةِ خَارِجَةَ بِالْعَوَالِي فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ لَمْ يَمُتِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بَعْضُ مَا كَانَ يَأْخُذُهُ عِنْدَ الْوَحْىِ فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَقَبَّلَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَقَالَ أَنْتَ أَكْرَمُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يُمِيتَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ قَدْ وَاللَّهِ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعُمَرُ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلاَ يَمُوتُ حَتَّى يَقْطَعَ أَيْدِيَ أُنَاسٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَثِيرٍ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَىٌّ لَمْ يَمُتْ وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ} قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَكَأَنِّي لَمْ أَقْرَأْهَا إِلاَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ

ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ sent for me, and whilst I was like that, his freed slave Yarfaʿ came and said: ‘Uthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman, Sa’d and az-Zubair bin al-ʿAwwam are here - (the narrator) said: I do not know whether he mentioned Talhah or not - and they are asking for permission to enter upon you. He said: Let them in. Then after a while, (Yarfaʿ) came and said: al-ʿAbbas and ‘Ali are asking permission to enter upon you. He said: Let them in. When alʿAbbas came in, he said: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, judge between me and this one. They had a dispute at that time concerning the fai’ (booty) that Allah had granted to His Messenger of the wealth of Banun-Nadeer, The people said: Judge between them, O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, and relieve each one of his opponent, for their dispute has gone on too long. ‘Umar ؓ said: I adjure you by Allah, by Whose Leave heaven and earth exist, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “We are not to be inherited from; what we leave behind is charityʿ? They said: He did say that. He said: I shall tell you about that faiʿ; Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, gave something exclusively to His Prophet ﷺ that He did not give to anyone else. And he quoted the verse: ʿAnd what Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ) from them - for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelryʿ [al Hashr 59:6]. He said: ʿThis was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and by Allah, he did not keep it to himself in exclusion of you and he did not prefer himself over you with regard to it. Rather he gave it to you and divided it among you until there was nothing left of it except this property. He spent on his familyʿs needs from this property for one year, then he took what was left and regarded it as the property of Allah. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, Abu Bakr said: ʿI am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I shall deal with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dealt with it. (Using translation from Aḥmad 425)

فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخَلَهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَه فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا لَعَلِيٍّ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي الصَّوَافِي الَّتِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحِ احَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُفِي هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ} [الحشر 6] إِلَى {قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر 6] فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدِ أعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

[Machine] Narrated by 'Amir or Abu 'Amir, Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Jibril came to him in a form other than his usual shape and saluted him. The Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting and then Jibril placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and said, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" He replied, "To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give the Zakat, to perform Hajj, and to fast in Ramadan." Jibril then asked him, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Iman (faith)?" He replied, "To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in predestination and that every good and bad is from Allah." Jibril asked again, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Ihsan (perfection)?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion, then be aware that He sees you." Jibril continued to ask the Prophet ﷺ about the signs of the Day of Judgment until he asked, "When will the Hour be?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "The one being asked does not know more than the one asking. But I will inform you of its signs. When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings, that will be one of its signs. And when you see the hunched-backed, barefoot uncivilized Bedouins competing in building great structures, that will be one of its signs." Then he (Jibril) left. The Prophet ﷺ kept silent for a while and then said, "O Abu Huraira, did you mark or memorize everything?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah, even I cannot memorize all this." Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ passed his hand over my chest and I felt its coolness in my chest, and I knew all that he had said.

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَتَشْهَدَ أَنْلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَهُوَ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَيَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يَرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] قَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِ بِالْبُنْيَانِ وَكَانَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمْ يُرَ طَرِيقُهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَ لِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[Machine] On the authority of 'Amir, Abu 'Amir, or Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Gabriel came to him in a different form, appearing as a man from the Muslims. Gabriel greeted him and the Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting. Then Gabriel placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to submit your face to Allah, to bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, to establish the prayer, give the obligatory charity (zakat)." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I become a Muslim?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is faith?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Divine Books, the prophets, life after death, heaven, hell, and fate, both its good and bad." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I believed?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is excellence (ihsan), O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then truly He sees you." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I excelled?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." And we heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ return to him, but we could not see the one speaking to him, nor could we hear his words. The questioner asked, "O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Glory be to Allah, it has five signs which only Allah knows: Allah possesses knowledge of the Hour, He sends down rain, He knows what is in the wombs, no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul knows in which land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted." (Surah Luqman, 34) The questioner then said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you wish, I can inform you of two signs that will precede it." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Inform me." The questioner said, "When you see a slave woman giving birth to her mistress, and when you see the barefooted, naked, impoverished shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings." The questioner asked, "And who are they, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "The Bedouins." Then he turned away, and when we did not see him on his way back, we said, "Glory be to Allah! This is Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion. The hand of Muhammad is in the hand of Gabriel, every time he came to him, I had not received any message except that I already knew it, except for this time."

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ فَقَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَنَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يُرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يُسْمَعُ كَلَامُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا؟ فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِبِالْبُنْيَانِ وَعَادَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمَّا لَمْ نَرَ طَرِيقَهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَنِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[Machine] Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq entered the mosque, and Umar ibn al-Khattab was addressing the people. He went to the house where the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ had passed away, and he uncovered his face, which was covered with a cloth, and he kissed it. He said, "By Allah, Allah will not gather two deaths upon you after your death, which you will not die after." Then he went out to the mosque, and Umar continued addressing the people. Abu Bakr said to Umar, "Sit down, O Umar," but he refused. He spoke to him two or three times, but he refused. So Abu Bakr stood up, performed the funeral prayer, and when he had finished, he said, "As for what follows, whoever worshiped Muhammad, then Muhammad has died. And whoever worshiped Allah, then Allah is alive and does not die." Then he recited the verses, "And We did not grant to any man before you eternity." [Al-Anbiya 34] "Muhammad is not but a messenger. Other messengers have passed away before him." [Ali Imran 144] And he continued reciting until he reached the verse, "And [likewise] the grateful ones." [Ali Imran 144] And he recited that, and the people became convinced of the death of the Messenger Muhammad ﷺ until someone said, "The people did not know that this verse was revealed until Abu Bakr recited it." Az-Zuhri said that Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib informed me that Umar ibn Al-Khattab said, "When Abu Bakr recited this verse, I was so weak that I fell to the ground, and I became certain that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had died."

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يُحَدِّثُ النَّاسَ فَأَتَى الْبَيْتَ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ بُرْدَ حِبْرَةٍ وَكَانَ مُسَجًّى بِهِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ لَيُقَبِّلَ وَجْهَهُ وَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَا يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَوْتَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِكَ الَّتِي لَا تَمُوتُ بَعْدَهَا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَعُمَرُ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ اجْلِسْ يَا عُمَرُ فَأَبَى فَكَلَّمَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا فَأَبَى فَقَامَ فَتَشَهَّدَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى تَشَهُّدَهُ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ ثُمَّ تَلَا {وَمَا جَعَلْنَا لِبَشَرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ الْخُلْدَ} [الأنبياء 34] {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ} [آل عمران 144] وَتَلَا إِلَى {الشَّاكِرِينَ} [آل عمران 144] فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَلَاهَا فَأَيْقَنَ النَّاسُ بِمَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى قَالَ قَائِلٌ لَمْ يَعْلَمِ النَّاسُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ أُنْزِلَتْ حَتَّى تَلَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَأَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لَمَّا تَلَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عُقِرْتُ حَتَّى خَرَرْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَأَيْقَنْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ

[Machine] When it was Monday, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ removed the curtain of the room and saw Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq praying with the people. He said, "I looked at his face, and it was as if it was a page of the Quran, and he was smiling. We almost got distracted in our prayers out of joy of seeing the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." Abu Bakr intended to move, but when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him, he stayed in his place. Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ opened the curtain and performed his prayer. On the same day, he passed away. Umar ibn Al-Khattab stood up and said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not die, but he was sent to him as Moses was sent to him, and he resided among his people for forty nights. By Allah, I hope that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ will live until he cuts off the hands of men from the hypocrites and silences their tongues, who claim that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died." Al-Zuhri reported that Anas ibn Malik informed him that he heard the speech of Umar ibn Al-Khattab about the Hereafter when he sat on the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day after his death. Umar and Abu Bakr were quiet and did not speak, then Umar said, "As for the yesterday's statement, it was not as I said, and by Allah, I did not find the statement that I said in a book revealed by Allah or in a covenant given to me by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . But I hoped that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would live until he settles our affairs. If Muhammad ﷺ has indeed died, then Allah has placed among you a light, by which you will be guided. Hold fast to it, and be guided by what Allah has guided Muhammad ﷺ to. And indeed, Abu Bakr, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , is the second of the two. And he is the most deserving among you of your affairs. So pledge allegiance to him. And indeed, a group of them had already pledged allegiance to him in Saqifah Bani Sa'idah. And the pledge of the common people was on the pulpit."

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الِاثْنَيْنِ كَشَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُتْرَةَ الْحُجْرَةِ فَرَأَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَالَ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ كَأَنَّهُ وَرَقَةُ مُصْحَفٍ وَهُوَ يَتَبَسَّمُ فَكِدْنَا أَنْ نَفْتَتِنَ فِي صَلَاتِنَا فَرَحًا بِرُؤْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ يَنْكُصَ حِينَ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «كَمَا أَنْتَ» ثُمَّ أَرْخَى السِّتْرَ وَتُوُفِّيَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَمُتْ وَلَكِنَّهُ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا أُرْسِلَ إِلَى مُوسَى فَمَكَثَ فِي قَوْمِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَعِيشَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَقْطَعَ أَيْدِيَ رِجَالٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ خُطْبَةَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ الْآخِرَةَ حِينَ جَلَسَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمِ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَتَشَهَّدَ عُمَرُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ صَامِتٌ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي قُلْتُ أَمْسَ مَقَالَةً وَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ كَمَا قُلْتُ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا وَجَدْتُ الْمَقَالَةَ الَّتِي قُلْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ أَنْزَلَهُ اللَّهُ وَلَا فِي عَهْدٍ عَهِدَهِ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ يَعِيشَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَدْبُرَنَا يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرَهُمْ فَإِنْ يَكُ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ نُورًا تَهْتَدُونَ بِهِ فَاعْتَصِمُوا بِهِ تَهْتَدُوا لِمَا هَدَى اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَثَانِي اثْنَيْنِ وَإِنَّهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِأُمُورِكُمْ فَقُومُوا فَبَايِعُوهُ وَكَانَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ بَايَعُوهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ وَكَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ

[Machine] The horses of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , or the messengers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , came and took my aunt and some people. When they brought them to the Prophet ﷺ , they lined up for him. My aunt said, "O Messenger of Allah, the newcomers have taken away our wealth and our children have become separated from us. I am an old woman and I have no one to serve me. Who will take care of me? May Allah bless whoever takes care of me." He ﷺ said, "Who brought you?" She said, "Adi ibn Hatim." He asked, "The one who escaped from Allah and His Messenger?" She replied, "Yes." He asked, "Who took care of you?" She said, "I did." As he was leaving, a man came to him and it seemed that it was Ali. He said, "Tell him to bring me the pregnant she-camel." She said, "So I asked him and he ordered it for her." So, I went to him and said, "You have done a deed that your father used to do. Come to him willingly or as a monk." So, he came to him and this person came to him and he was afflicted by him, and then he came to him and he was afflicted by him. So, I went to him and found that there was a woman and children with him, or a male child. Their closeness to the Prophet ﷺ was evident, so I knew that he was not a king like Khusrow or Caesar. He said to me, "O Adi ibn Hatim, what prevents you from saying: 'There is no god but Allah'? Is there any god but Allah? What prevents you from saying: 'Allah is the Greatest'? Is there anything greater than Allah?" I said, "So, I embraced Islam and I saw the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ filled with joy and he said, "Indeed, the Jews are the one who has earned Allah's anger, and the Christians are the ones who have gone astray."

جَاءَتْ خَيْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ رُسُلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَخَذُوا عَمَّتِي وَنَاسًا فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بِهِمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَصَفُّوا لَهُ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَأَى الْوَافِدُ وَانْقَطَعَ الْوَلَدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرَةٌ مَا بِي مِنْ خِدْمَةٍ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ﷺ «وَمَنْ وَافِدُكِ؟ » قَالَتْ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ «الَّذِي فَرَّ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ» قَالَتْ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ وَرَجُلٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ تَرَى أَنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ قَالَ سَلِيهِ حُمْلَانًا قَالَتْ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَأَمَرَ لَهَا قَالَتْ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ فَعَلْتَ فَعَلَةً مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ يَفْعَلُهَا فَأْتِهِ رَاغِبًا أَوْ رَاهِبًا فَقَدْ أَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ وَأَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَصِبْيَانٌ أَوْ صَبِيٌّ ذُكِرَ قُرْبُهُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمِلْكِ كِسْرَى وَلَا قَيْصَرَ فَقَالَ لِي يَا عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَهَلْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مَا أَفَرَّكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَقُولَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ فَهَلْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ؟ » قَالَ فَأَسْلَمْتُ وَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدِ اسْتَبْشَرَ وَقَالَ «إِنَّ {الْمَغْضُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ} الْيَهُودُ وَ {الضَّالِّينَ} النَّصَارَى»

[Machine] "For the Jewish scholars, I am a visitor to the mosque of our father Ibrahim and Ismail, making a covenant. I went to the messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in Makkah, and I met him when he had just finished performing Hajj. The messenger of Allah ﷺ found me in Mina with the people, and I stood among them. When the messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at me, he said, 'Are you Abdullah ibn Salam?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Come closer.' So, I approached him. He asked, 'By Allah, I ask you, O Abdullah ibn Salam, do you find me in the Torah as the messenger of Allah?' I said, 'Our Lord, describe him.' He said, 'Then Jibril came to him until he stood in front of the messenger of Allah ﷺ, then he recited to him, "Say: He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent."' Then the messenger of Allah ﷺ recited it to us. Ibn Salam said, 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the messenger of Allah.' Then he went to Madinah and kept his Islam hidden. When the messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Madinah, I was on top of a palm tree, and I heard a noise in the city. I said, 'What is this?' They said, 'It is the messenger of Allah who has arrived.' So, I threw myself down from the top of the palm tree and then I approached him and greeted him. Then I went back, and my mother said, 'By Allah, if Musa ibn Imran (Moses) was here, he would not have thrown himself down from the top of the palm tree like that.' I said, 'By Allah, I went down because I am eager for the arrival of the messenger of Allah ﷺ, just as Musa ibn Imran was sent.'"

لِأَحْبَارِ الْيَهُودِ إِنِّي أَحْدَثُ بِمَسْجِدِ أَبِينَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ عَهْدًا فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ فَوَافَاهُمْ وَقَدِ انْصَرَفُوا مِنَ الْحَجِّ فَوَجَدَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ فَقُمْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَنْتَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ؟» قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ «ادْنُ» فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ «أَنْشُدُكَ بِاللهِ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَلَامٍ أَمَا تَجِدُنِي فِي التَّوْرَاةِ رَسُولُ اللهِ؟» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ انْعَتْ رَبَّنَا قَالَ فَجَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ {قُلْ هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ اللهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ} فَقَرَأَهَا عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ سَلَامٍ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَتَمَ إِسْلَامَهُ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَنَا فَوْقَ فِي نَخْلَةٍ لِي أَجُدُّهَا فَسَمِعْتُ رَجَّةً فِي الْمَدِينَةِ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالُوا رَسُولُ اللهِ قَدْ قَدِمَ قَالَ فَأَلْقَيْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ أَعْلَى النَّخْلَةِ ثُمَّ جِئْتُ أَحْضُرُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ فَقَالَتْ أُمِّي لِلَّهِ أَنْتَ وَاللهِ لَوْ كَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَا كَانَ بِذَلِكَ تُلْقِي نَفْسَكَ مِنْ أَعْلَى النَّخْلَةِ فَقُلْتُ وَاللهِ لَأَنَا أَسَرُّ بِقُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ إِذْ بُعِثَ

[Machine] The horses of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or the messengers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came with a scorpion, so they took my aunt and some people. When they came to him (the Prophet) ﷺ , they made way for him. She said, "O Messenger of Allah, the one who has come has left, the child has been severed, and I am an old woman and I have no one to serve me. So may Allah bless whoever helps me." He said, "Who is your guest?" She said, "Adi ibn Hatim." He said, "Which one fled from Allah and His Messenger?" She said, "So may Allah bless whoever helps me." So when Adi returned, there was a man with him who seemed to be Ali. He said, "Salih, carry her loads." She said, "So I asked him and he ordered a donkey. I said, 'You have done what your father used to do.'" She said, "Go to him as a person in need or as a monk, for so and so came to him and he was affected by him, and so and so came to him and he was affected by him. So I went to him, and there was a woman and children or a child with him. He mentioned their relation to the Prophet ﷺ , so I knew that he was not a king like Khosrau and Caesar. He said, "O Adi, what prevents you from saying 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah)? Is there any god other than Allah?" He said, "What prevents you from saying 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the greatest)? Is there anything greater than Allah?" So I embraced Islam, and I saw his face light up and he said, "Indeed, the Jews are those who are cursed, and indeed, the Christians are those who are astray." Then some people came to him and praised Allah, and he praised Him. Then he said, "Now, O people, it is for you to be humble before His grace, as a person humbles himself before a measure of food with a measured handful." Shu'bah said, "And most of what I know is that he said with a date, splitting a date. Indeed, one of you will meet Allah and He will say, 'Did I not make you hearing and seeing? Did I not grant you wealth and children? So what have you brought?' So he will look to his right, left, front, and behind him, but he will not find anything. So he will not fear the Fire except by Allah's face. So fear the Fire, even if it is with half a date. And if you do not find that, then with a good word. Indeed, I do not fear poverty for you, for Allah will help you and give you victory, or He will open up for you until the she-camel enters between two mountains, the fear of which is greater, that Thamud feared."

جَاءَتْ خَيْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَو رُسُلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَقْرَبٍ فَأَخَذُوا عَمَّتِي وَنَاسًا فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بِهِمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَفُّوا لَهُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَأَى الْوَافِدُ وَانْقَطَعَ الْوَلَدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَا بِي مِنْ خِدْمَةٍ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ مَنَّ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ وَمَنْ وَافِدُكِ؟ قَالَتْ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ أَيِ الَّذِي فَرَّ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَتْ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ وَرَجُلٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ تَرَى أَنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ سَلِيهِ حِمْلَانًا قَالَتْ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَأَمَرَ بِأَتَانٍ فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ فَعَلْتَ فَعْلَةً مَا كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَفْعَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ ائْتِهِ رَاغِبًا أَو رَاهِبًا فَقَدْ أَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ وَأَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَصِبْيَانٌ أَو صَبِيٌّ فَذَكَرَ قُرْبَهُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَلِكَ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ فَقَالَ يَا عَدِيُّ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ فَهَلْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ إلَّا اللهُ؟ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ فَهَلْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ اللهِ؟ فَأَسْلَمْتُ فَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَهُ اسْتَبْشَرَ وَقَالَ «إِنَّ الْمَغْضُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ الْيَهُودُ وإنَّ الضَّالِّينَ النَّصَارَى» ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ نَاسٌ فَسَأَلُوهُ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَلَكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْ تَرْضَخُوا مِنَ الْفَضْلِ ارْتَضَخَ امْرُؤٌ بِصَاعٍ بِبَعْضِ صَاعٍ بِقَبْضَةٍ» قَالَ شُعْبَةُ وَأَكْثَرُ عِلْمِي أَنَّهُ قَالَ بِتَمْرَةٍ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَاقِي اللهَ فَقَائِلٌ أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْكَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْ لَكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا فَمَاذَا قَدَّمْتَ؟ فَيَنْظُرُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَلَا يَجِدُ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَتَّقِي النَّارَ إلَّا بِوَجْهِهِ فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ إِنِّي لَا أَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمُ الْفَاقَةَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّكُمُ اللهُ وَلَيُعْطِيَنَّكُمْ أَوْ لَيَفْتَحَنَّ لَكُمْ حَتَّى تَسِيرَ الظَّعِينَةُ بَيْنَ الْحِيرَةِ ويَثْرِبَ أَخْوَفُ مَا تَخَافُ عَلَى ظَعِينَتِهَا السَّرَقَ

Abu Bakr came riding his horse from his dwelling place in As-Sunh. He got down from it, entered the Mosque and did not speak with anybody till he came to me and went direct to the Prophet, who was covered with a marked blanket. Abu Bakr uncovered his face. He knelt down and kissed him and then started weeping and said, "My father and my mother be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Prophet! Allah will not combine two deaths on you. You have died the death which was written for you." Narrated Abu Salama from Ibn ʿAbbas : Abu Bakr came out and ʿUmar , was addressing the people, and Abu Bakr told him to sit down but ʿUmar refused. Abu Bakr again told him to sit down but ʿUmar again refused. Then Abu Bakr recited the Tashah-hud (i.e. none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Messenger of Allah ﷺ) and the people attended to Abu Bakr and left ʿUmar. Abu Bakr said, "Amma ba'du, whoever amongst you worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, Allah is alive and will never die. Allah said: 'Muhammad is no more than an Apostle and indeed (many) Apostles have passed away before him ..(up to the) grateful.' " (3.144) (The narrator added, "By Allah, it was as if the people never knew that Allah had revealed this verse before till Abu Bakr recited it and then whoever heard it, started reciting it.") (Using translation from Bukhārī 1241)

أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ مِنْ مَسْكَنِهِ بِالسُّنْحِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمِ النَّاسَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَتَيَمَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُسَجًّى بِبُرْدَةِ حِبَرَةٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبَّلَهُ وَبَكَى ثُمَّ قَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَاللهِ لَا يَجْمَعُ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ مَوْتَتَيْنِ أَبَدًا أَمَّا الْمُوتَةُ الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدْ مِتُّهَا 6710 قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ خَرَجَ وَعُمَرُ ؓ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ فَأَبَى عُمَرُ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فَتَشَهَّدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَمَالَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ وَتَرَكُوا عُمَرَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ اللهَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ} [آل عمران 144] إِلَى {الشَّاكِرِينَ} [آل عمران 144] قَالَ وَاللهِ لَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ أَنْزَلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ إِلَّا حِينَ تَلَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَلَقَّاهَا مِنْهُ النَّاسُ فَمَا يَسْمَعُ بَشَرًا إِلَّا يَتْلُوهَا

(the wife of the Prophet) Messenger of Allah ﷺ died while Abu Bakr was at a place called As-Sunah (Al-'Aliya) 'Umar stood up and said, "By Allah! Messenger of Allah ﷺ is not dead!" 'Umar (later on) said, "By Allah! Nothing occurred to my mind except that." He said, "Verily! Allah will resurrect him and he will cut the hands and legs of some men." Then Abu Bakr came and uncovered the face of Messenger of Allah ﷺ, kissed him and said, "Let my mother and father be sacrificed for you, (O Messenger of Allah ﷺ), you are good in life and in death. By Allah in Whose Hands my life is, Allah will never make you taste death twice." Then he went out and said, "O oath-taker! Don't be hasty." When Abu Bakr spoke, 'Umar sat down. Abu Bakr praised and glorified Allah and said, No doubt! Whoever worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die." Then he recited Allah's Statement.:-- "(O Muhammad) Verily you will die, and they also will die." (39.30) He also recited:-- "Muhammad is no more than an Apostle; and indeed many Apostles have passed away, before him, If he dies Or is killed, will you then Turn back on your heels? And he who turns back On his heels, not the least Harm will he do to Allah And Allah will give reward to those Who are grateful." (3.144) The people wept loudly, and the Ansar were assembled with Sad bin 'Ubada in the shed of Bani Saida. They said (to the emigrants). "There should be one 'Amir from us and one from you." Then Abu Bakr, Umar bin Al-Khattab and Abu 'baida bin Al-Jarrah went to them. 'Umar wanted to speak but Abu Bakr stopped him. 'Umar later on used to say, "By Allah, I intended only to say something that appealed to me and I was afraid that Abu Bakr would not speak so well. Then Abu Bakr spoke and his speech was very eloquent. He said in his statement, "We are the rulers and you (Ansars) are the ministers (i.e. advisers)," Hubab bin Al-Mundhir said, "No, by Allah we won't accept this. But there must be a ruler from us and a ruler from you." Abu Bakr said, "No, we will be the rulers and you will be the ministers, for they (i.e. Quarish) are the best family amongst the 'Arabs and of best origin. So you should elect either 'Umar or Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah as your ruler." 'Umar said (to Abu Bakr), "No but we elect you, for you are our chief and the best amongst us and the most beloved of all of us to Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So 'Umar took Abu Bakr's hand and gave the pledge of allegiance and the people too gave the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr. Someone said, "You have killed Sad bin Ubada." 'Umar said, "Allah has killed him." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3667)

ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَاتَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بِالسُّنْحِ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ يَقَعُ فِي نَفْسِي إِلَّا ذَاكَ وَلَيَبْعَثَنَّهُ اللهُ ﷻ فَيَقْطَعَنَّ أَيْدِيَ رِجَالٍ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَّلَهُ وَقَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي طِبْتَ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يُذِيقُكَ اللهُ ﷻ الْمَوْتَتَيْنِ أَبَدًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا الْحَالِفُ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ جَلَسَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَن كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللهَ ﷻ فَإِنَّ اللهَ حَيُّ لَا يَمُوتُ وَقَالَ {إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ} [الزمر 30] وَقَالَ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ} [آل عمران 144] الْآيَةَ كُلَّهَا فَنَشَجَ النَّاسُ يَبْكُونَ وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ ؓ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالُوا مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ ؓ فَذَهَبَ عُمَرُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَأَسْكَتَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ يَقُولُ وَاللهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ بِذَاكَ إِلَّا أَنِّي قَدْ هَيَّأْتُ كَلَامًا قَدْ أَعْجَبَنِي خَشِيتُ أَنْ لَا يَبْلُغَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَتَكَلَّمَ وَأَبْلَغَ فَقَالَ فِي كَلَامِهِ نَحْنُ الْأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ قَالَ الْحُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ لَا وَاللهِ لَا نَفْعَلُ أَبَدًا مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ لَا وَلَكِنَّا الْأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ هُمْ أَوْسَطُ الْعَرَبِ دَارًا وَأَعْرَبُهُمْ أَحْسَابًا فَبَايِعُوا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَوْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ ؓ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بَلْ نُبَايِعُكَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُنَا وَسَيِّدُنَا وَأَحَبُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ بِيَدِهِ فَبَايَعَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ قَتَلَهُ اللهُ

The Prophet ﷺ sent some cavalry towards Najd and they brought a man from the tribe of Banu Hanifa who was called Thumama bin Uthal. They fastened him to one of the pillars of the Mosque. The Prophet went to him and said, "What have you got, O Thumama?" He replied," I have got a good thought, O Muhammad! If you should kill me, you would kill a person who has already killed somebody, and if you should set me free, you would do a favor to one who is grateful, and if you want property, then ask me whatever wealth you want." He was left till the next day when the Prophet ﷺ said to him, "What have you got, Thumama? He said, "What I told you, i.e. if you set me free, you would do a favor to one who is grateful." The Prophet ﷺ left him till the day after, when he said, "What have you got, O Thumama?" He said, "I have got what I told you. "On that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Release Thumama." So he (i.e. Thumama) went to a garden of date-palm trees near to the Mosque, took a bath and then entered the Mosque and said, "I testify that None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and also testify that Muhammad is His Apostle! By Allah, O Muhammad! There was no face on the surface of the earth most disliked by me than yours, but now your face has become the most beloved face to me. By Allah, there was no religion most disliked by me than yours, but now it is the most beloved religion to me. By Allah, there was no town most disliked by me than your town, but now it is the most beloved town to me. Your cavalry arrested me (at the time) when I was intending to perform the ʿUmra. And now what do you think?" The Prophet ﷺ gave him good tidings (congratulated him) and ordered him to perform the ʿUmra. So when he came to Mecca, someone said to him, "You have become a Sabian?" Thumama replied, "No! By Allah, I have embraced Islam with Muhammad, Apostle of Allah. No, by Allah! Not a single grain of wheat will come to you from Yamamah unless the Prophet gives his permission." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4372)

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْلًا نَحْوَ أَرْضِ نَجْدٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ فَرَبَطُوهُ بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ قَالَ عِنْدِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ خَيْرٌ إِنْ تَقْتُلْنِي تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ وَإِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ وَإِنْ تُرِدِ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ فَقَالَ عِنْدِي مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَطْلِقُوا ثُمَامَةَ فَخَرَجَ ثُمَامَةُ إِلَى نَخْلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ وَجْهُكَ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ إِلِيَّ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ دِينٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ دِينُكَ أَحَبَّ الْأَدْيَانِ إِلِيَّ وَوَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أَحَبَّ الْبُلْدَانِ كُلِّهَا إِلِيَّ وَإِنَّ خَيْلَكَ أَخَذَتْنِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَبَشَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ لَهُ رِجَالٌ بِمَكَّةَ أَصَبَوْتَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللهِ مَا صَبَوْتُ وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ لَا يَأْتِيكُمْ حَبَّةُ حِنْطَةٍ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

عَلَيه وَسَلَّم قَالَ أَمَّا صَاحِبُكُمْ أحسبه قال فقد خامر فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم فَقَالَ يَا رَسولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عُمَر شَيْءٌ فَأَسْرَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِنِّي نَدِمْتُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لِي فَأَبَى فَتَبِعْتُهُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ حَتَّى تَحَوَّزَ بِدَارِهِ مِنِّي فَأَقْبَلْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ثَلاثَ مِرَارٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَر نَدِمَ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لَهُ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ حَتَّى أَتَى مَنْزِلَ أَبِي بَكْر فَسَأَلَ هَلْ ثُمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالُوا لا نَعْلَمُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَر إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم حَتَّى سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَجَعَلَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم يَتَمَعَّرُ حَتَّى أَشْفَقَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم إِلَى عُمَر مَا يَكْرَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذلك أَبُو بكر جثى عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَقال أَنَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسولَ اللهِ كُنْتُ أَظْلَمَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى الله عَلَيه وَسَلَّم ياأيها النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكُمْ فَقُلْتُمْ كَذَبْتَ وَقال أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَدَقْتَ فَوَاسَانِي بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو إِلَيَّ صَاحِبِي ثَلاثَ مِرَارٍوهذ الْحَدِيثُ لا نَعْلَمُهُ يُرْوَى عَن رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم مِنْ وَجْهٍ مُتَّصِلٍ عَنْهُ إلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ عَن أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ وَحْدَهُ وَصَدَقَةُ صَالِحُ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ وهُو صَدَقَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ وَبُسْرُ بْنُ عُبَيد اللَّهِ فَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذكرنا لهما

اللَّهِ مُضْطَجِعٌ فَقَالَ جِئْتُكَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَتَلَقَّانِي نَاسٌ عِنْدَ أَبْوَابِ كِنْدَةَ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ الدُّخَانُ أَوْ تَجِيءُ آيَةُ الدُّخَانِ فَيَأْخُذُ بِأَنْفَاسِ الْكُفَّارِ فَيَأْخُذُ الْمُؤْمِنُ كَهَيْئَةِ الزُّكَامِ فَغَضِبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ عَلِمَ مِنْكُمْ شَيْئًا فَلْيَقُلْ مَا عَلِمَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فَلْيَقُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فَإِنْ عِلْمَ أَحَدِكُمْ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُ أَنْ يَقُولَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ وَآيَةُ الدُّخَانَ قَدْ مَضَتْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا رَأَى إِدْبَارًا مِنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ سَبْعٌ كَسَبْعِ يُوسُفَ فَأَخَذَتِ النَّاسَ سَنَةٌ حَصَّتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى جَعَلُوا يَأْكُلُونَ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالْجُلُودَ فَجَاءَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّكَ جِئْتَ تَأْمُرُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَإِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ هَلَكُوا فَادْعُ اللَّهَ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ قَالَ فَكُشِفَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَكُشِفَ عَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ وَإِنَّ آيَةَ الدُّخَانِ مَضَتْ وَالْبَطْشَةُ وَاللِّزَامُ كَانَتَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَقَدْ مَضَتْ آيَةُ الرُّومِ قَالَ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا نَعْلَمُ رَوَاهُ إِلَّا مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ

عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَضَعَ فَاهُ عَلَى جَبِينِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُهُ وَيَقُولُ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي طِبْتَ حَيًّا وَطِبْتَ مَيِّتًا قَالَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مَرَّ بِعُمَرَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلاَ يَمُوتُ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فقَالَ وَقَدْ كَانُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا بِمَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَفَعُوا رُؤُوسَهُمْ فَمَرَّ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ أَرْبِعْ عَلَى نَفْسِكِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ مَاتَ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعِ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا لِبَشَرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ الْخُلْدَ أَفَإِنْ مِتَّ فَهُمُ الْخَالِدُونَ قَالَ وَأَتَى الْمِنْبَرَ فَصَعِدَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَهَكُمُ الَّذِي تَعْبُدُونَ فَإِنَّ إِلَهَكُمْ قَدْ مَاتَ وَإِنْ كَانَ إِلَهُكُمُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ فَإِنَّ إِلَهَكُمْ حَيٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ قَالَ ثُمَّ تَلاَ وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ حَتَّى خَتَمَ الآيَةَ قَالَ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَقَدِ اسْتَبْشَرَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِذَلِكَ وَاشْتَدَّ فَرَحُهُمْ وَأَخَذَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ الْكَآبَةُقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَكَأَنَّمَا كَانَتْ عَلَى وُجُوهِنا أَغْطِيَةٌ فَكُشِفَتْوَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ لأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ قَبَّلَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه وَسَلَّم بَعْدَ مَا مَاتَ ولاَ نَعلم رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَن نافعٍ إلاَّ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ ولاَ نَعلم رَوَاهُ عَن فُضَيْلٍ إلاَّ ابْنُهُ مُحَمد بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ

"عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّىَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ اسْتَأذَنَ عُمَرُ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، فَدَخَلَا عَلَيْهِ فَكَشَفَا الثَّوْبَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاغَشْيَا! مَا أَشَدَّ غَشْىَ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ ثُمَّ قَامَا، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيَا إِلَى الْبَابِ قَالَ الْمُغيرَةُ: يَا عُمَرُ: مَاتَ - وَالله رَسُولُ الله ﷺ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَذَبْتَ! مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ وَلَكِنَّكَ رَجَلٌ تَحُوشُكَ فِتْنَةٌ، وَلَنْ يَمُوتَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ حَتَّى يُفْنِىَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، ثمَّ جَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: اسْكُتْ، فَسَكَتَ، فَصَعِدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَحَمِدَ الله وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَ قَرَأ {إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ} ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ} حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ الآيةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ الله، فَإِنَّ الله حَىٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: هَذَا في كِتَابِ الله؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: هَذَا أَبُو بَكْر وَذُو شَيْبَةِ الْمسْلِمِينَ فَبَايِعُوهُ، فَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ".

"عَن ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ أَبو بَكْرٍ في ناحِيةِ الْمَدِينَة، فَجَاءَ فَدَخلَ عَلَى رسُولِ الله ﷺ وَهُوَ مسجَّى، فَوَضَعَ فَاهُ عَلَى جَبِينِ رَسُول الله ﷺ فَجَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُهُ وَيَبْكِى وَيَقُولُ: بِأَبِى أَنْتَ وَأُمِّى، طِبْ حَيًا وطِبْ مَيَّتًا فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مَرَّ بِعُمَر بْنِ الْخَطابِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: مَا مَاتَ رسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَلا يَمُوتُ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَ اللهُ الْمُنَافِقينَ، وَحَتى يُخْزِىَ اللهُ المُنَافِقِينَ، قَالَ: وَكَانُوا قَدِ اسْتَبْشَرُوا بِمَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ

فَرَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ فقَالَ: أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ ارْبِعْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ؛ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ، أَلَمْ تَسْمَع اللهَ يَقُولُ: {إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ}، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا جَعَلْنَا لِبَشَرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ الْخُلْدَ أَفَإِنْ مِتَّ فَهُمُ الْخَالِدُونَ}، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَتَى المِنْبَر فَصَعِدَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: إنْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَهَكُمُ الّذِى تَعْبُدُونَ، فَإِنَّ إِلَهَكمُ مُحَمَّدٌ قَدْ مَاتَ، وإِنْ كَانَ إِلَهكَمُ الَّذِى في السَّمَاءِ، فَإِنَّ إِلَهَكمُ لَمْ يمتْ، ثُمَّ تَلا: {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ} حَتَّى خَتَمَ الآيَة، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ. وَقَدِ اسْتَبْشَرَ المُسْلِمُونَ بِذَلِكَ، وَاشْتَدَّ فَرحُهُمْ، وَأُخِذَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ بِهِ، فَقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: فوالَّذِى نَفْسِى بِيَدهِ لَكَأَنَّمَا كَانَتْ عَلَى وُجُوهِنَا أَغطِيَةٌ فَكُشِفَتْ".

"عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ خَرَجَ حِينَ تُوُفِّىَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ وَعُمَرُ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ: اجْلِسْ يا عُمَرُ، فَتَشَهَّدَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ

مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ، وَمَن كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ الله فَإِنَّ الله حَىٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، فَإِنَّ الله - تَعالَى - قَالَ: {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ} الآيَة، قَالَ: وَالله لَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الله أَنْزَلَ هَذِه الآيَةَ حَتَّى تَلَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَلَقَّاهَا مِنْهُ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَمَا تَسْمَعُ بَشَرًا مِنَ النَّاس إِلَّا يَتْلُوهَا، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الخطَّابِ: وَالله مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَلَاها فَعَقِرْتُ حَتَّى مَا يُقِلُّنِى رِجْلَاىَ، وَحَتَّى أَهْوَيْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ وَعَرفْتُ حِينَ سَمِعْتُهُ تَلَاهَا أَنَّ رسُولَ الله ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ".

" عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابن عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: مَا الذى يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَحُجَّ عَامًا وَتَعْتَمر عَامًا وَتَتْرُكَ الجِهَادَ في سَبِيلِ الله، وَقَدْ علِمْت مَا رَغَّبَ الله فِيهِ؟ قَالَ: يَابْنَ أَخِى: بُنى الإسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: إِيمانٌ بِالله وَرَسُولِه، وَصَلاَةُ الْخَمْسِ، وَصِيامُ شَهِرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَأَدَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجُّ الْبَيْت، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَلاَ تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَكَرَ الله فِى كِتَابِهِ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ}، فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَ الْفِئَة الْبَاغِية كمَا أَمَرَكَ الله في كتَابِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: يَابْنَ أَخِى لأَنْ أَعْتَبِرَ بِهَذِهِ الآيَةِ فَلاَ أَقَاتِل أَحَبّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَعْتَبِرَ بِالأَيَةِ التَّي يَقُولُ الله فيها {وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ} فَقَالَ: أَلاَ تَرَى أَنَّ الله يَقُولُ: {وَقُاتِلُوهُم حَتَّى لاَ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لله}، قَالَ ابن عُمَرَ: قَدْ فَعَلنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ أنْ كَانَ أهْلُ الإسْلاَمِ قَلِيلًا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِى دِينهِ إِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهُ وِإمَّا أَنْ يَسْتَرِقِّوهُ حَتَّى كَثُرَ أَهْلُ الإسْلاَمِ فَلَمْ يَكُن فِتْنَةً، قَالَ: فَمَا قَوْلُكَ في عَلِىٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ؟ قَالَ أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ: فَكَانَ الله عفى عَنْهُ وَكَرِهْتُم أَن تَعْفُوا، وَأَمَّا عَلِىٌّ: فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ وَخَتَنِهِ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ، وَهَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ ".

"عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رَسُولَ الله ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ حِينَ دَخَلَهَا وَهُوَ مُعْتَجِرٌ بِشَقَّةِ بُرْدٍ أَسْوَدَ، فَطَافَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِه الْقَصْوَاء وَفِى يَدهِ محْجَنٌ يَسْتَلِمُ بِهِ الأَرْكَان، قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَمَا وجدنا لها (متسعة) مَنَاخًا فِى الْمَسجِدِ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَلَى أَيْدِى الرِّجَالِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهَا حَتَّى أُنْتجتْ فِى الْوَادِى، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ عَلَى راحلته فَحَمِدَ الله وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الله قَدْ وضَعَ عَنْكُم عُبَيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَتَعَظُّمَهَا بِآبائِها، النَّاسُ رَجُلاَنِ: فَقيرٌ تَقِىٌّ كَرِيمٌ عَلَى الله، وَكَافِرٌ شَقِىٌّ هيِّنٌ عَلَى الله، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الله يَقُولُ: {يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ (13)} [الحجرات: 13] (*)، أَقُولُ قَوْلِى هَذَا وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ الله لِى وَلَكُمْ، ثُمَّ عَدَلَ إِلَى جَانِبِ الْمَسْجِدَ فَأُتِىَ بِدَلُوٍ مِنْ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ فَغَسَلَ مِنْهَا وَجْهَهُ، مَا تَقَعُ مِنْهُ قَطرَةٌ وإِلاَّ فِى يَدِ إِنْسَانٍ، إِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْرَ مَا يَحْسُوهَا حَسَاهَا وَإلاَّ مَسَحَ بِهَا، وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ يَنْظُرُونَ، فَقَالُوا: مَا رَأَيْنَا ملَكًا قَطُّ أَعْظَمَ مِنَ الْيَوْمِ، وَلاَ قَوْمًا أَحْمَقَ مِنَ الْيَوْمِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بلاَلًا فَرَقِىَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَأَذَّنَ بِالصَّلاَة، وَقَامَ الْمُسْلمُونَ فَتَجَرَّدُوا فِى الأُزُرِ، وَأَخَذُوا الدِّلاَءَ، وَارْتَجَزُوا عَلَى زَمْزَمَ يَغْسِلُونَ الْكَعْبَةَ ظَهْرَهَا وَبَطْنَهَا، فَلَمْ يَدَعُو أَثَرًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكينَ إِلاَّ مَحُوهُ أَوْ غَسَلُوهُ".